Initial commit

10 files changed, 19855 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..babaebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main
+*.o
+*.spv
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7e4d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+DEBUG=-DVULKAN_VALIDATION -g
+WARN=-Wdouble-promotion
+FEATURE=-DHAVE_MSAA
+
+GLSLC=glslc
+CFLAGS=-I$(VULKAN_SDK)/include $(FEATURE) $(DEBUG) $(WARN)
+LDFLAGS=-L$(VULKAN_SDK)/lib -lvulkan
+
+CFLAGS+=-I../pugl
+LDFLAGS+=-L../pugl/build -lpugl_x11
+
+all: main shaders
+
+main: main.o vk_mem_alloc.o
+	$(CXX) $^ $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+
+main.o: main.c
+
+vk_mem_alloc.o: vk_mem_alloc.h
+
+shaders: vert.spv frag.spv
+
+vert.spv: shader.vert
+	$(GLSLC) $^ -o $@
+
+frag.spv: shader.frag
+	$(GLSLC) $^ -o $@
diff --git a/bk.c b/bk.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b669f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_vulkan.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#define ERRFQ(...)				\
+	do {					\
+		fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__);	\
+		exit(1);			\
+	} while(0)
+
+#define ERRQ(str)				\
+	do {					\
+		fputs((str), stderr);		\
+		fputc('\n', stderr);		\
+		exit(1);			\
+	} while(0)
+
+uint8_t *read_file(const char *path, size_t size)
+{
+	FILE *file = fopen(path, "rb");
+	if (!file) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+	size_t len = ftell(file);
+	rewind(file);
+	uint8_t *buf = malloc(len);
+	fread(buf, len, 1, file);
+	fclose(file);
+	*size = len;
+	return buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Modifications for Vulkan:
+ * Row-column flipped
+ * Negative y
+ * Expect coordinates on range [0, 1]
+ */
+void perspective_init(float matrix[4][4],
+		const float fov,
+		const float aspect,
+		const float znear,
+		const float zfar)
+{
+	memset(matrix, 0, 16*sizeof(float));
+	const float f = 1.0f / tanf(0.5*fov);
+	matrix[0][0] = f / aspect;
+	matrix[1][1] = -f;
+	matrix[2][2] = -znear/(zfar - znear) - 1.0f;
+	matrix[3][2] = -zfar*znear/(zfar - znear);
+	matrix[2][3] = -1.0f;
+}
+
+void identity_init(float matrix[4][4])
+{
+	memset(matrix, 0, 16*sizeof(float));
+	matrix[0][0] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[1][1] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[2][2] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[3][3] = 1.0f;
+}
+
+struct Uniform {
+	float model[4][4];
+	float view[4][4];
+	float proj[4][4];
+};
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
+		VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
+		VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objType,
+		uint64_t obj,
+		size_t location,
+		int32_t code,
+		const char *layerPrefix,
+		const char *msg,
+		void *userData
+		)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "Validation layer: %s\n", msg);
+	return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+VkResult CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(
+		VkInstance instance,
+		const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
+		VkDebugReportCallbackEXT *pCallback
+		)
+{
+	PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT func = (void*)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance,
+			"vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+	if (func) {
+		return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);
+	} else {
+		return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+	}
+}
+
+void DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator)
+{
+	PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT func = (void*)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance,
+			"vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+	if (func) {
+		func(instance, callback, pAllocator);
+	}
+}
+
+SDL_Window *win;
+VkInstance instance;
+VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;
+VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+uint32_t qIndex;
+uint32_t nImages;
+VkDevice device;
+VkSurfaceFormatKHR format;
+VkCommandPool cmdPool;
+VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffers;
+VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+VkImage *scImages;
+VkImageView *scImageViews;
+VkImage depthImage;
+VkDeviceMemory depthMem;
+VkImageView depthView;
+VkExtent2D extent;
+VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+VkQueue presentQueue;
+
+static void createInstance()
+{
+	VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+		.pApplicationName = "VulkanGame",
+		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.pEngineName = "VulkanGameEngine",
+		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0
+	};
+
+	unsigned i, nRequired;
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(win, &nRequired, NULL)) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not get number of instance extensions\n");
+	}
+	static const char *const additional[] = {
+		VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME
+	};
+	const unsigned nAdditional = sizeof(additional) / sizeof(additional[0]);
+	const uint32_t nExtensions = nRequired + nAdditional;
+	const char **extensions = malloc(sizeof(const char*) * nExtensions);
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(win, &nRequired, extensions)) {
+		/* OS will handle memory freeing */
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < nAdditional; ++i) {
+		extensions[nRequired + i] = additional[i];
+	}
+
+	/* Just printing verbosely */
+	for (i = 0; i < nExtensions; ++i) {
+		printf("%s\n", extensions[i]);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+
+#if 1
+	const uint32_t nLayers = 1;
+	static const char *const layers[] = {
+		"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"
+	};
+#endif
+	VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = nExtensions,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions,
+#if 1
+		.enabledLayerCount = nLayers,
+		.ppEnabledLayerNames = layers
+#endif
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, NULL, &instance)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		/* OS will handle memory freeing */
+		ERRFQ("Could not create Vulkan instance: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	free(extensions);
+}
+
+static void createDebugReporter()
+{
+	VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+		.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT,
+		.pfnCallback = debugCallback
+	};
+	if (CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, &createInfo, NULL, &callback) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRQ("Could not create debug reporter");
+	}
+}
+
+static void selectPhysicalDevice(const char *hint)
+{
+	uint32_t nDevices;
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &nDevices, NULL);
+	if (!nDevices) {
+		ERRQ("No physical devices found");
+	}
+	VkPhysicalDevice *devices = malloc(nDevices * sizeof(*devices));
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &nDevices, devices);
+
+	/* Just printing verbosely */
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nDevices; ++i) {
+		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devices[i], &props);
+		printf("%s\n", props.deviceName);
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: Blindly choosing the first device */
+	physicalDevice = devices[0];
+
+	uint32_t nQueueFamilies = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &nQueueFamilies, NULL);
+	VkQueueFamilyProperties *qprops = malloc(nQueueFamilies * sizeof(*qprops));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &nQueueFamilies, qprops);
+
+	for (qIndex = 0; qIndex < nQueueFamilies; ++qIndex) {
+		if (qprops[qIndex].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (qIndex >= nQueueFamilies || nQueueFamilies <= 0) {
+		ERRQ("No queue families capable of graphics");
+	}
+
+	VkBool32 canSurface;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physicalDevice, qIndex, surface, &canSurface);
+	if (!canSurface) {
+		/* Strange devices may be accommodated for but not for now */
+		ERRQ("Graphics device cannot output a surface");
+	}
+
+	VkBool32 canSwapchain = 0;
+	uint32_t nExtensions;
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, NULL, &nExtensions, NULL);
+	VkExtensionProperties *availableExtensions = malloc(nExtensions * sizeof(*availableExtensions));
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, NULL, &nExtensions, availableExtensions);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nExtensions; ++i) {
+		if (!strcmp(availableExtensions[i].extensionName, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+			canSwapchain = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!canSwapchain) {
+		ERRQ("Graphics device not swapchain capable");
+	}
+	free(availableExtensions);
+	free(qprops);
+	free(devices);
+}
+
+static void createLogicalDevice()
+{
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physicalDevice, &features);
+	float qPriority = 1.0f;
+	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo qCreateInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = qIndex,
+		.queueCount = 1,
+		.pQueuePriorities = &qPriority
+	};
+
+	const char *const swapchainName = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;
+	VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pQueueCreateInfos = &qCreateInfo,
+		.queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
+		.pEnabledFeatures = &features,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = 1,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &swapchainName
+	};
+
+	if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, NULL, &device)) {
+		ERRQ("Could not create logical device");
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyLogicalDevice()
+{
+	vkDestroyDevice(device, NULL);
+}
+
+static void createCommandPool()
+{
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = qIndex
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateCommandPool(device, &createInfo, NULL, &cmdPool)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create command pool: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyCommandPool()
+{
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, cmdPool, NULL);
+}
+
+static void createCommandBuffers()
+{
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.commandPool = cmdPool,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &cmdBuffers)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create command buffers: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyCommandBuffers()
+{
+	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &cmdBuffers);
+}
+
+static void createSwapchain()
+{
+	struct {
+		VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR *formats;
+		VkPresentModeKHR *presentModes;
+	} sc = {0};
+
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &sc.capabilities);
+	uint32_t nFormats;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nFormats, NULL);
+	if (!nFormats) {
+		ERRQ("No surface formats available");
+	}
+	sc.formats = malloc(nFormats * sizeof(*sc.formats));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nFormats, sc.formats);
+
+	uint32_t nPresentModes;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nPresentModes, NULL);
+	if (!nPresentModes) {
+		ERRQ("No surface present modes available");
+	}
+	sc.presentModes = malloc(nPresentModes * sizeof(*sc.presentModes));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nPresentModes, sc.presentModes);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nFormats; ++i) {
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR want = {
+			VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,	// BGRA
+			VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR
+		};
+		if (sc.formats[i].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+			format = want;
+			fprintf(stderr, "Obtained wanted surface format on first try\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (sc.formats[i].format == want.format && sc.formats[i].colorSpace == want.colorSpace) {
+			format = want;
+			fprintf(stderr, "Obtained wanted format on try %d/%d\n", i+1, nFormats);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: Just assuming this is available */
+	VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+
+	int width, height;
+	SDL_Vulkan_GetDrawableSize(win, &width, &height);
+	extent.width = width;
+	extent.height = height;
+
+	nImages = sc.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+	if (sc.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && nImages > sc.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
+		/* Clamp to max image count if too many requested */
+		nImages = sc.capabilities.maxImageCount;
+	}
+
+	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.surface = surface,
+		.minImageCount = nImages,
+		.imageFormat = format.format,
+		.imageExtent = extent,
+		.imageArrayLayers = 1,
+		.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,	// assuming same family
+		.preTransform = sc.capabilities.currentTransform,
+		.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+		.presentMode = presentMode,
+		.clipped = VK_TRUE,
+		.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, NULL, &swapchain)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create swapchain: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	free(sc.presentModes);
+	free(sc.formats);
+}
+
+static void destroySwapchain()
+{
+	if (swapchain) {
+		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapchain, NULL);
+	}
+	swapchain = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Allocates and reallocates memory */
+static void createSwapchainImages()
+{
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &nImages, NULL);
+	scImages = realloc(scImages, nImages * sizeof(*scImages));
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &nImages, scImages);
+	scImageViews = realloc(scImageViews, nImages * sizeof(*scImageViews));
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+			.image = scImages[i],
+			.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+			.format = format.format,
+			.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+			.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
+			.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
+			.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1
+
+		};
+		if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, NULL, &scImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+			ERRQ("Could not create swapchain image views");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroySwapchainImages()
+{
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		vkDestroyImageView(device, scImageViews[i], NULL);
+	}
+	free(scImageViews);
+	free(scImages);
+	scImageViews = NULL;
+	scImages = NULL;
+}
+
+static void createDepthBuffer()
+{
+	VkImageCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
+		.extent.width = extent.width,
+		.extent.height = extent.height,
+		.extent.depth = 1,
+		.mipLevels = 1,
+		.arrayLayers = 1,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateImage(device, &createInfo, NULL, &depthImage)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create depth image: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProps;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProps);
+	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
+	vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, depthImage, &memReq);
+	uint32_t typeFilter = memReq.memoryTypeBits;
+	uint32_t memType;
+	uint32_t props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+	for (memType = 0; memType < memProps.memoryTypeCount; ++memType) {
+		if (typeFilter & (1<<memType) && (memProps.memoryTypes[memType].propertyFlags & props) == props) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = memReq.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = memType
+	};
+	if ((result = vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, NULL, &depthMem)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate depth buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	if ((result = vkBindImageMemory(device, depthImage, depthMem, 0)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not bind depth buffer image memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+		.image = depthImage,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
+		.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
+		.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
+		.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
+		.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A,
+		.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
+		.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
+		.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1,
+		.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+	};
+	if ((result = vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, NULL, &depthView)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create depth buffer image view: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyDepthBuffer()
+{
+	vkDestroyImageView(device, depthView, NULL);
+	vkFreeMemory(device, depthMem, NULL);
+	vkDestroyImage(device, depthImage, NULL);
+}
+
+void initVulkan()
+{
+	createInstance();
+	createDebugReporter();
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(win, instance, &surface)) {
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+}
+
+void deinitVulkan()
+{
+	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, NULL);
+	DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, callback, NULL);
+	vkDestroyInstance(instance, NULL);
+}
+
+void beginVulkan()
+{
+	selectPhysicalDevice(NULL);
+	createLogicalDevice();
+	createCommandPool();
+	createCommandBuffers();
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, qIndex, 0, &graphicsQueue);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, qIndex, 0, &presentQueue);
+	createSwapchain();
+	createSwapchainImages();
+	createDepthBuffer();
+}
+
+void endVulkan()
+{
+	destroyDepthBuffer();
+	destroySwapchainImages();
+	destroySwapchain();
+	destroyCommandBuffers();
+	destroyCommandPool();
+	destroyLogicalDevice();
+}
+
+struct Uniform uniData;
+VkBuffer uniBuffer;
+VkDeviceMemory uniMem;
+
+static void createUniformBuffer()
+{
+	VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+		.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+		.size = sizeof(struct Uniform),
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateBuffer(device, &createInfo, NULL, &uniBuffer)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create uniform buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProps;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProps);
+	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
+	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, uniBuffer, &memReq);
+	uint32_t typeFilter = memReq.memoryTypeBits;
+	uint32_t memType;
+	uint32_t props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+	for (memType = 0; memType < memProps.memoryTypeCount; ++memType) {
+		if (typeFilter & (1<<memType) && (memProps.memoryTypes[memType].propertyFlags & props) == props) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = memReq.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = memType
+	};
+
+	if ((result = vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, NULL, &uniMem)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate uniform buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	if ((result = vkBindBufferMemory(device, uniBuffer, uniMem, 0)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not bind uniform buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void populateUniformBuffer()
+{
+	identity_init(uniData.model);
+	identity_init(uniData.view);
+	identity_init(uniData.proj);
+	VkResult result;
+	void *data;
+	if ((result = vkMapMemory(device, uniMem, 0, sizeof(uniData), 0, &data)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not map uniform buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	memcpy(data, &uniData, sizeof(uniData));
+	vkUnmapMemory(device, uniMem);
+}
+
+VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
+
+static void createDescriptorSetLayout()
+{
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layoutBinding = {
+		.binding = 0,
+		.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+		.descriptorCount = 1,
+		.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT
+	};
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_CREATE_INFO,
+		.bindingCount = 1,
+		.pBindings = &layoutBinding
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &createInfo, NULL, descriptorSetLayout)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create descriptor set layout: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void createPipelineLayout()
+{
+	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pushConstantRangeCount = 0,
+		.setLayoutCount = 1,	// number of descriptor sets
+		.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &createInfo, NULL, &pipelineLayout)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create pipeline layout: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+VkShaderModule vShaderModule;
+VkShaderModule fShaderModule;
+
+static void createShaderModules()
+{
+	size_t vertLen, fragLen;
+	uint8_t *vertCode = read_file("vert.spv", &vertLen);
+	if (!vertCode) {
+		ERRQ("Could not read vert.spv");
+	}
+	uint8_t *fragCode = read_file("frag.spv", &fragLen);
+	if (!fragCode) {
+		ERRQ("Could not read frag.spv");
+	}
+
+	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.codeSize = vertLen,
+		.pCode = (void*)vertCode
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, NULL, &vShaderModule)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create vertex shader module: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	createInfo.codeSize = fraglen;
+	createInfo.pCode = (void*)fragCode;
+	if ((result = vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, NULL, &fShaderModule)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create fragment shader module: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	free(vertCode);
+	free(fragCode);
+}
+
+static void createGraphicsPipeline
+
+void setupScene()
+{
+	createUniformBuffer();
+	populateUniformBuffer();
+	createDescriptorSetLayout();
+	createPipelineLayout();
+	createShaderModules();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) < 0) {
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+	if (SDL_Vulkan_LoadLibrary(NULL)) {
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+	win = SDL_CreateWindow(
+			"Vulkan Window",
+			SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+			SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+			1280,
+			720,
+			SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN
+			);
+	if (!win) {
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+	initVulkan();
+	beginVulkan();
+
+	SDL_Event e;
+	while (1) {
+		while (SDL_PollEvent(&e)) {
+			if (e.type == SDL_QUIT) {
+				goto quit;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+quit:
+	endVulkan();
+	deinitVulkan();
+	SDL_DestroyWindow(win);
+	SDL_Vulkan_UnloadLibrary();
+	SDL_Quit();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/build.sh b/build.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0776bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gcc main.c -I/usr/local/include/SDL2 -D_REENTRANT -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -lSDL2 -lvulkan -lm -g
diff --git a/export.jch b/export.jch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea30153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/export.jch
diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f5f10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan_xlib.h>
+
+#include "pugl/pugl.h"
+
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+
+#define ERRFQ(fmt, ...)						\
+	do {							\
+		fprintf(stderr, fmt __VA_OPT__(,) __VA_ARGS__);	\
+		exit(1);					\
+	} while(0)
+
+#define ERRQ(str)	ERRFQ("%s\n", str)
+
+#define PI		3.14159265359f
+#define TWOPI		6.28318530718f
+#define DEGREES(x)	((x)*PI/180.0f)
+#define MAT4X4_SIZE	(16*sizeof(float))
+
+#define MIN(a, b)	((a) <= (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MAX(a, b)	((a) >= (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define CLAMP(x, l, h)	((x) <= (l) ? (l) : (x) >= (h) ? (h) : (x))
+
+#ifdef HAVE_MSAA
+static const unsigned 			msaaEnabled	= 1;
+static const VkSampleCountFlagBits	msaaSampleCount	= VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT;
+#else
+static const unsigned			msaaEnabled	= 0;
+static const VkSampleCountFlagBits	msaaSampleCount	= VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+#endif
+
+static const VkFormat			depthFormat	= VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
+
+#define TIMER_INTERVAL	500
+
+static ssize_t get_file_size(FILE *fp)
+{
+#if defined(__linux__)
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+	const int fd = fileno(fp);
+	struct stat st;
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return st.st_size;
+
+#else
+#error "Cannot get file sizes on this system"
+#endif
+}
+
+uint8_t *read_file(const char *path, size_t *size)
+{
+#if 0
+	SDL_RWops *rw = SDL_RWFromFile(path, "r");
+	if (!rw) {
+		*size = 0;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	*size = SDL_RWsize(rw);
+	uint8_t *buf = malloc(*size);
+	SDL_RWread(rw, buf, *size, 1);
+	SDL_RWclose(rw);
+	return buf;
+#else
+	FILE *fp = fopen(path, "rb");
+	if (!fp) {
+		*size = 0;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	const ssize_t result = get_file_size(fp);
+	if (result == -1) {
+		*size = 0;
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		*size = result;
+	}
+	uint8_t *buf = malloc(*size);
+	size_t r = 0;
+	while ((r = fread(buf, *size, 1, fp))) {
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return buf;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ALL matrices are column major
+ *
+ * Modifications for Vulkan:
+ * Invert y axis
+ * Expect z clip coordinates on range [0, 1]
+ */
+static void load_perspective(float matrix[4][4],
+		const float fov,
+		const float aspect,
+		const float znear,
+		const float zfar)
+{
+	memset(matrix, 0, MAT4X4_SIZE);
+	const float f = 1.0f/tanf(0.5f*fov);
+	matrix[0][0] = f/aspect;
+	matrix[1][1] = -f;
+	matrix[2][2] = -zfar/(zfar - znear);
+	matrix[3][2] = -zfar*znear/(zfar - znear);
+	matrix[2][3] = -1.0f;
+}
+
+static void matmul4(const float A[4][4],
+		const float B[4][4],
+		float C[4][4])
+{
+	memset(C, 0, MAT4X4_SIZE);
+	int i, j, k;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+		for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+			for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+				C[j][i] += A[k][i] * B[j][k];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void matvecmul4(const float M[4][4],
+		const float *restrict V,
+		float *restrict C)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+		C[i] = 0;
+		for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
+			C[i] += M[j][i] * V[j];
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void load_identity(float matrix[4][4])
+{
+	memset(matrix, 0, MAT4X4_SIZE);
+	matrix[0][0] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[1][1] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[2][2] = 1.0f;
+	matrix[3][3] = 1.0f;
+}
+
+static void load_rotation_y(float matrix[4][4], const float angle)
+{
+	memset(matrix, 0, MAT4X4_SIZE);
+	const float cosangle = cosf(angle);
+	const float sinangle = sinf(angle);
+	matrix[0][0] = cosangle;
+	matrix[2][0] = sinangle;
+	matrix[0][2] = -sinangle;
+	matrix[2][2] = cosangle;
+	matrix[1][1] = 1.0;
+	matrix[3][3] = 1.0;
+}
+
+static void load_location(float matrix[4][4],
+		const float x,
+		const float y,
+		const float z)
+{
+	load_identity(matrix);
+	matrix[3][0] = x;
+	matrix[3][1] = y;
+	matrix[3][2] = z;
+}
+
+struct Uniform {
+	float model[4][4];
+	float view[4][4];
+	float proj[4][4];
+};
+
+/* Set once when physical device is chosen, do not modify otherwise */
+static VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties;
+static VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
+
+static VmaAllocator vmaAllocator;
+
+PuglWorld *world;
+PuglView *view;
+static VkDevice device;
+static VkInstance instance;
+static VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;
+static VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+static VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
+static uint32_t graphicsIndex;
+static uint32_t transferIndex;
+static VkQueue transferQueue;
+static VkQueue graphicsQueue;
+static VkCommandPool commandPool;
+static VkCommandPool transferPool;
+static VkCommandBuffer *commandBuffers;
+static VkSwapchainKHR rawSwapchain;
+static VkSwapchainKHR oldRawSwapchain;
+static uint32_t nImages;
+static VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat;
+static VkImage *swapchainImages;
+static VkImageView *swapchainImageViews;
+static VkExtent2D swapchainExtent;
+static VkImage depthImage;
+static VmaAllocation depthVma;
+static VkImageView depthImageView;
+
+#if 1
+/* TODO: Get rid of this because we're using VMA */
+static uint32_t getMemType(const VkMemoryRequirements *memReq,
+		const VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags)
+{
+	const uint32_t bits = memReq->memoryTypeBits;
+	uint32_t type;
+	for (type = 0; type < memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount; ++type) {
+		if (bits & (1<<type) && (memoryProperties.memoryTypes[type].propertyFlags & flags) == flags) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (type >= memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount) {
+		ERRFQ("No suitable memory type found\n");
+	}
+	return type;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Undefined behavior if `offset` is not a power of two */
+static VkDeviceSize getNearestAlignment(const VkDeviceSize offset, const VkDeviceSize alignment)
+{
+	const VkDeviceSize mask = alignment - 1;
+	if (offset & mask) {
+		return offset + alignment - (offset & mask);
+	}
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static void createInstance()
+{
+	const VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+		.pApplicationName = "VulkanGame",
+		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.pEngineName = "VulkanGameEngine",
+		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.apiVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0)
+	};
+
+	unsigned i, nRequired;
+#if 0
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(win, &nRequired, NULL)) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not get number of instance extensions\n");
+	}
+#else
+	nRequired = 0;
+#endif
+	static const char *const additional[] = {
+		VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+		VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+		VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME
+	};
+	const unsigned nAdditional = sizeof(additional)/sizeof(additional[0]);
+	const uint32_t nExtensions = nRequired + nAdditional;
+	const char **extensions = malloc(sizeof(const char*)*nExtensions);
+#if 0
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(win, &nRequired, extensions)) {
+		/* OS will handle memory freeing */
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+#endif
+	for (i = 0; i < nAdditional; ++i) {
+		extensions[nRequired + i] = additional[i];
+	}
+
+	/* Just printing verbosely */
+	for (i = 0; i < nExtensions; ++i) {
+		printf("Using instance extension:\t%s\n", extensions[i]);
+	}
+
+#ifdef VULKAN_VALIDATION
+	static const char *const layers[] = {
+		"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"
+	};
+	const uint32_t nLayers = sizeof(layers)/sizeof(layers[0]);
+#endif
+	VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = nExtensions,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions,
+#ifdef VULKAN_VALIDATION
+		.enabledLayerCount = nLayers,
+		.ppEnabledLayerNames = layers
+#endif
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, NULL, &instance))) {
+		/* OS will handle memory freeing */
+		ERRFQ("Could not create Vulkan instance: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	free(extensions);
+}
+
+#ifdef VULKAN_VALIDATION
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
+		VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
+		VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objType,
+		uint64_t obj,
+		size_t location,
+		int32_t code,
+		const char *layerPrefix,
+		const char *msg,
+		void *userData
+		)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nValidation layer: %s\n\n", msg);
+	return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+VkResult createDebugReportCallback(
+		VkInstance instance,
+		const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
+		VkDebugReportCallbackEXT *pCallback
+		)
+{
+	printf("Creating debug reporter\n");
+	PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT func = (void*)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance,
+			"vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+	if (func) {
+		return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);
+	} else {
+		return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
+	}
+}
+
+void destroyDebugReportCallback(VkInstance instance, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback,
+		const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator)
+{
+	PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT func = (void*)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance,
+			"vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT");
+	if (func) {
+		func(instance, callback, pAllocator);
+	}
+}
+static void createDebugReporter()
+{
+	VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+		.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT,
+		.pfnCallback = debugCallback
+	};
+	if (createDebugReportCallback(instance, &createInfo, NULL, &callback)) {
+		ERRQ("Could not create debug reporter");
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static void selectPhysicalDevice(const char *hint)
+{
+	uint32_t nDevices;
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &nDevices, NULL);
+	if (!nDevices) {
+		ERRQ("No physical devices found");
+	}
+	VkPhysicalDevice *devices = malloc(nDevices*sizeof(*devices));
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &nDevices, devices);
+
+	/* Just printing verbosely */
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nDevices; ++i) {
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devices[i], &deviceProperties);
+		printf("Found physical device:\t`%s`\n", deviceProperties.deviceName);
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: Blindly choosing the first device */
+	physicalDevice = devices[0];
+
+	uint32_t nQueueFamilies = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &nQueueFamilies, NULL);
+	VkQueueFamilyProperties *queueProperties = malloc(nQueueFamilies*sizeof(*queueProperties));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &nQueueFamilies, queueProperties);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nQueueFamilies; ++i) {
+		printf("Queue Family %d queueCount:\t%d\n", i, queueProperties[i].queueCount);
+	}
+
+	for (graphicsIndex = 0; graphicsIndex < nQueueFamilies; ++graphicsIndex) {
+		if (queueProperties[graphicsIndex].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+			VkBool32 canSurface;
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physicalDevice, graphicsIndex, surface, &canSurface);
+			if (canSurface) break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (graphicsIndex >= nQueueFamilies) {
+		/* Some devices may have separate graphics and present queue families, or none at all.
+		 * We only support graphics and present on the same queue family.
+		 */
+		ERRQ("No queue families capable of graphics and presentation");
+	}
+
+	/* Look for a queue family with transfer capabilities but no graphics or compute.
+	 * Hardcoded literals are for conciseness and come from the `VkQueueFlagBits` definitions.
+	 */
+	const VkQueueFlagBits want = 0x4;
+	for (transferIndex = 0; transferIndex < nQueueFamilies; ++transferIndex) {
+		if ((queueProperties[transferIndex].queueFlags & 0x7) == want) {
+			goto found;
+		}
+	}
+	/* Look for a queue family with transfer capabilities that isn't the same as before.
+	 * Graphics and compute queue families implicitly support transfer.
+	 */
+	for (transferIndex = 0; transferIndex < nQueueFamilies; ++transferIndex) {
+		if (queueProperties[transferIndex].queueFlags & 0x3) {
+			if (transferIndex != graphicsIndex) {
+				goto found;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	//ERRQ("FIXME: Fallback transfer queue to graphics family");
+	transferIndex = graphicsIndex;
+found:
+	printf("Graphics Queue Family Index:\t%d\nTransfer Queue Family Index:\t%d\n", graphicsIndex, transferIndex);
+
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memoryProperties);
+
+	VkBool32 canSwapchain = 0;
+	uint32_t nExtensions;
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, NULL, &nExtensions, NULL);
+	VkExtensionProperties *availableExtensions = malloc(nExtensions*sizeof(*availableExtensions));
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, NULL, &nExtensions, availableExtensions);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nExtensions; ++i) {
+		if (!strcmp(availableExtensions[i].extensionName, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
+			canSwapchain = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!canSwapchain) {
+		ERRQ("Graphics device not swapchain capable");
+	}
+	free(availableExtensions);
+	free(queueProperties);
+	free(devices);
+}
+
+static void createLogicalDevice()
+{
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physicalDevice, &features);
+	const float queuePriorities[] = { 1.0f, 0.125f };
+	const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfos[] = {
+		{
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsIndex,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriorities[0]
+		}, {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = transferIndex,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriorities[1]
+		}
+	};
+
+	const char *const swapchainName = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;
+	const VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos,
+		.queueCreateInfoCount = 2,
+		.pEnabledFeatures = &features,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = 1,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &swapchainName
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, NULL, &device))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create logical device: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {
+		//.flags = VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT,
+		.physicalDevice = physicalDevice,
+		.device = device
+	};
+	if ((result = vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &vmaAllocator))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create Vulkan Memory Allocator: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyLogicalDevice()
+{
+	vmaDestroyAllocator(vmaAllocator);
+	vkDestroyDevice(device, NULL);
+}
+
+static void createCommandPools()
+{
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsIndex
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateCommandPool(device, &createInfo, NULL, &commandPool))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create command pool:\t%d\n", result);
+	}
+	createInfo.queueFamilyIndex = transferIndex;
+	if ((result = vkCreateCommandPool(device, &createInfo, NULL, &transferPool))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create transfer pool:\t%d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyCommandPools()
+{
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, transferPool, NULL);
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, NULL);
+}
+
+static void allocateCommandBuffers()
+{
+	const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.commandPool = commandPool,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandBufferCount = nImages
+	};
+	commandBuffers = realloc(commandBuffers, nImages*sizeof(VkCommandBuffer));
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create command buffers: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void freeCommandBuffers()
+{
+	if (commandBuffers) {
+		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, nImages, commandBuffers);
+	}
+}
+
+void getFrame(PuglView *view, int *width, int *height)
+{
+	const PuglRect rect = puglGetFrame(view);
+	*width = rect.width;
+	*height = rect.height;
+	//printf("Pugl frame:\t%d, %d\n", *width, *height);
+}
+
+static void createSwapchain()
+{
+	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+	VkSurfaceFormatKHR *formats;
+	VkPresentModeKHR *presentModes;
+
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &capabilities);
+	uint32_t nFormats;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nFormats, NULL);
+	if (!nFormats) {
+		ERRQ("No surface formats available");
+	}
+	formats = malloc(nFormats*sizeof(*formats));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nFormats, formats);
+
+	uint32_t nPresentModes;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nPresentModes, NULL);
+	if (!nPresentModes) {
+		ERRQ("No surface present modes available");
+	}
+	presentModes = malloc(nPresentModes*sizeof(*presentModes));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &nPresentModes, presentModes);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nFormats; ++i) {
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR want = {
+			VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,	// BGRA sRGB
+			VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR
+		};
+		if (formats[i].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+			surfaceFormat = want;
+			//SDL_Log("Obtained wanted surface format on first try\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (formats[i].format == want.format && formats[i].colorSpace == want.colorSpace) {
+			surfaceFormat = want;
+			//SDL_Log("Obtained wanted format on try %d/%d\n", i+1, nFormats);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* FIXME: Just assuming this is available */
+	//VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+	//VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR;
+	VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
+	//VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
+
+	int width, height;
+	//SDL_Vulkan_GetDrawableSize(win, &width, &height);
+	getFrame(view, &width, &height);
+	width = CLAMP(width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
+	height = CLAMP(height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);
+	swapchainExtent.width = width;
+	swapchainExtent.height = height;
+	//swapchainExtent = capabilities.currentExtent;
+
+	//nImages = capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+	nImages = capabilities.minImageCount;
+	//nImages = capabilities.maxImageCount;
+	if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && nImages > capabilities.maxImageCount) {
+		/* Clamp to max image count if too many requested */
+		nImages = capabilities.maxImageCount;
+	}
+	//printf("Swapchain Images:\t%d\n", nImages);
+
+	const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.surface = surface,
+		.minImageCount = nImages,
+		.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format,
+		.imageExtent = swapchainExtent,
+		.imageArrayLayers = 1,
+		.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,	// assuming same family
+		.preTransform = capabilities.currentTransform,
+		.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+		.presentMode = presentMode,
+		.clipped = VK_TRUE,
+		.oldSwapchain = oldRawSwapchain
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, NULL, &rawSwapchain))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create swapchain: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	if (oldRawSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, oldRawSwapchain, NULL);
+		oldRawSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	}
+	free(presentModes);
+	free(formats);
+}
+
+static void destroySwapchain()
+{
+	if (rawSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, rawSwapchain, NULL);
+	}
+	rawSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+/* Allocates and reallocates memory */
+static void createSwapchainImageViews()
+{
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, rawSwapchain, &nImages, NULL);
+	swapchainImages = malloc(nImages*sizeof(*swapchainImages));
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, rawSwapchain, &nImages, swapchainImages);
+	swapchainImageViews = malloc(nImages*sizeof(*swapchainImageViews));
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		const VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+			.image = swapchainImages[i],
+			.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+			.format = surfaceFormat.format,
+			.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+			.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
+			.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
+			.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1
+
+		};
+		if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, NULL, &swapchainImageViews[i])) {
+			ERRQ("Could not create swapchain image views");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroySwapchainImageViews()
+{
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		vkDestroyImageView(device, swapchainImageViews[i], NULL);
+	}
+	free(swapchainImageViews);
+	free(swapchainImages);
+	swapchainImageViews = NULL;
+	swapchainImages = NULL;
+}
+
+static void createDepthImage()
+{
+	const VkImageCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+		.format = depthFormat,
+		.extent.width = swapchainExtent.width,
+		.extent.height = swapchainExtent.height,
+		.extent.depth = 1,
+		.mipLevels = 1,
+		.arrayLayers = 1,
+		.samples = msaaSampleCount,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+	};
+	VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT,
+		.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vmaCreateImage(vmaAllocator, &createInfo, &allocInfo, &depthImage, &depthVma, NULL))) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create depth image: %d\n", result);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	const VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+		.image = depthImage,
+		.format = depthFormat,
+		.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
+		.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
+		.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
+		.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A,
+		.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
+		.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
+		.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1,
+		.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+	};
+	if ((result = vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, NULL, &depthImageView))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create depth buffer image view: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyDepthImage()
+{
+	vkDestroyImageView(device, depthImageView, NULL);
+	vmaDestroyImage(vmaAllocator, depthImage, depthVma);
+	depthImageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	depthVma = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	depthImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+static VkImage msaaImage;
+static VkImageView msaaImageView;
+static VmaAllocation msaaVma;
+
+static void createMultisampleImage()
+{
+	const VkImageCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+		.format = surfaceFormat.format,
+		.extent.width = swapchainExtent.width,
+		.extent.height = swapchainExtent.height,
+		.extent.depth = 1,
+		.mipLevels = 1,
+		.arrayLayers = 1,
+		.samples = msaaSampleCount,
+		.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT |
+			VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+		.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL
+	};
+	const VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT,
+		.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vmaCreateImage(vmaAllocator, &createInfo, &allocInfo, &msaaImage, &msaaVma, NULL))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create multisample image: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	const VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+		.image = msaaImage,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
+		.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
+		.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
+		.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
+		.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A,
+		.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+		.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
+		.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+		.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1,
+		.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+	};
+	if ((result = vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, NULL, &msaaImageView))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create multisample image view: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyMultisampleImage()
+{
+	vkDestroyImageView(device, msaaImageView, NULL);
+	vmaDestroyImage(vmaAllocator, msaaImage, msaaVma);
+	msaaImageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	msaaVma = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	msaaImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+static VkRenderPass renderPass;
+
+static void createRenderPass()
+{
+	VkAttachmentDescription attachments[] = {{
+		/* Color image */
+		.format = surfaceFormat.format,
+		.samples = msaaSampleCount,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+		.storeOp = msaaEnabled ?
+			VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE :
+			VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = msaaEnabled ?
+			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL :
+			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR
+	}, {
+		/* Resolve image */
+		.format = surfaceFormat.format,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR
+	}, {
+		/* Depth stencil image */
+		.format = depthFormat,
+		.samples = msaaSampleCount,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	}};
+
+	if (!msaaEnabled) {
+		attachments[1] = attachments[2];
+	}
+
+	const VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {
+		.attachment = 0,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	};
+	const VkAttachmentReference resolveAttachmentRef = {
+		.attachment = 1,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	};
+	const VkAttachmentReference depthStencilAttachmentRef = {
+		.attachment = msaaEnabled ? 2 : 1,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	};
+
+	const VkSubpassDescription subpass = {
+		.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+		.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+		.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef,
+		.pResolveAttachments = msaaEnabled ? &resolveAttachmentRef : NULL,
+		.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthStencilAttachmentRef
+	};
+
+	const VkRenderPassCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pAttachments = attachments,
+		.subpassCount = 1,
+		.attachmentCount = msaaEnabled ? 3 : 2,
+		.pSubpasses = &subpass
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateRenderPass(device, &createInfo, NULL, &renderPass))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create render pass: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyRenderPass()
+{
+	vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, NULL);
+	renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+static VkFramebuffer *swapchainFramebuffers;
+
+static void createSwapchainFramebuffers()
+{
+	swapchainFramebuffers = malloc(nImages*sizeof(*swapchainFramebuffers));
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		const VkImageView attachments[] = {
+			msaaImageView,
+			swapchainImageViews[i],
+			depthImageView
+		};
+		const VkFramebufferCreateInfo createInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+			.renderPass = renderPass,
+			.attachmentCount = msaaEnabled ? 3 : 2,
+			.pAttachments = msaaEnabled ? attachments : &attachments[1],
+			.width = swapchainExtent.width,
+			.height = swapchainExtent.height,
+			.layers = 1
+		};
+		VkResult result;
+		if ((result = vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &createInfo, NULL, &swapchainFramebuffers[i]))) {
+			ERRFQ("Could not create swapchainFramebuffers: %d\n", result);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroySwapchainFramebuffers()
+{
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, swapchainFramebuffers[i], NULL);
+	}
+	free(swapchainFramebuffers);
+	swapchainFramebuffers = NULL;
+}
+
+void initVulkan()
+{
+	createInstance();
+#ifdef VULKAN_VALIDATION
+	createDebugReporter();
+#endif
+#if 0
+	if (!SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(win, instance, &surface)) {
+		ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	}
+#else
+#include "pugl/detail/x11.h"
+	// HACK: Vulkan needs access to this
+	const VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_XLIB_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.dpy = ((struct PuglWorldImpl*)world)->impl->display,
+		.window = puglGetNativeWindow(view)
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR(instance, &createInfo, NULL, &surface))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create Xlib surface: %d\n", result);
+	}
+#endif
+	selectPhysicalDevice(NULL);
+	createLogicalDevice();
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, transferIndex, 0, &transferQueue);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, graphicsIndex, 0, &graphicsQueue);
+	createCommandPools();
+}
+
+void deinitVulkan()
+{
+	destroyCommandPools();
+	destroyLogicalDevice();
+	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, NULL);
+#ifdef VULKAN_VALIDATION
+	destroyDebugReportCallback(instance, callback, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+void beginVulkan()
+{
+	createSwapchain();
+	createSwapchainImageViews();
+	allocateCommandBuffers();
+	createDepthImage();
+	if (msaaEnabled) createMultisampleImage();
+	createRenderPass();
+	createSwapchainFramebuffers();
+}
+
+void endVulkan()
+{
+	destroySwapchainFramebuffers();
+	destroyRenderPass();
+	if (msaaEnabled) destroyMultisampleImage();
+	destroyDepthImage();
+	destroySwapchainImageViews();
+	destroySwapchain();
+}
+
+static struct Uniform uniformData;
+static VkBuffer uniformBuffer;
+//static VkDeviceMemory uniformMemory;
+static VmaAllocation uniformVma;
+VkDeviceSize uniformAlignment;
+
+static void createUniformBuffer()
+{
+	const VkDeviceSize alignMask = deviceProperties.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment - 1;
+	uniformAlignment = (sizeof(uniformData) + alignMask) & ~alignMask;
+	printf("Uniform Alignment:\t%lu\n", uniformAlignment);
+	const VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+		.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+		.size = nImages*uniformAlignment,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE
+	};
+	const VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {
+		//.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT,
+		.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vmaCreateBuffer(vmaAllocator, &createInfo, &allocInfo, &uniformBuffer, &uniformVma, NULL))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create uniform buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+#if 0
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateBuffer(device, &createInfo, NULL, &uniformBuffer))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create uniform buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	/* TODO: Figure best memory properties for uniform data */
+	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
+	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, uniformBuffer, &memReq);
+	const uint32_t props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;
+	const uint32_t memType = getMemType(&memReq, props);
+
+	const VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = memReq.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = memType
+	};
+
+	if ((result = vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, NULL, &uniformMemory))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate uniform buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	if ((result = vkBindBufferMemory(device, uniformBuffer, uniformMemory, 0))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not bind uniform buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+static void destroyUniformBuffer()
+{
+	//vkFreeMemory(device, uniformMemory, NULL);
+	//vkDestroyBuffer(device, uniformBuffer, NULL);
+	vmaDestroyBuffer(vmaAllocator, uniformBuffer, uniformVma);
+}
+
+static void populateUniformBuffer()
+{
+	load_identity(uniformData.model);
+	load_identity(uniformData.view);
+	load_perspective(uniformData.proj, DEGREES(45), 16.0f/9.0f, 0.1f, 10.0f);
+	/* Could map and copy into the GPU here but we could also do that per-frame. */
+}
+
+static VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
+
+static void createDescriptorPool()
+{
+	const VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {
+		.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
+		.descriptorCount = 1
+	};
+	const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.poolSizeCount = 1,
+		.pPoolSizes = &poolSize,
+		.maxSets = 1
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &createInfo, NULL, &descriptorPool))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create descriptor pool: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyDescriptorPool()
+{
+	vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, NULL);
+}
+
+static VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
+
+static void createDescriptorSetLayout()
+{
+	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layoutBinding = {
+		.binding = 0,
+		.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
+		.descriptorCount = 1,
+		.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT
+	};
+	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+		.bindingCount = 1,
+		.pBindings = &layoutBinding
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &createInfo, NULL, &descriptorSetLayout))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create descriptor set layout: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyDescriptorSetLayout()
+{
+	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, NULL);
+}
+
+static VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
+
+static void allocateDescriptorSets()
+{
+	const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.descriptorPool = descriptorPool,
+		.descriptorSetCount = 1,
+		.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate descriptor set: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void updateDescriptorSets()
+{
+	const VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {
+		.buffer = uniformBuffer,
+		.offset = 0,
+		.range = sizeof(uniformData)
+	};
+
+	const VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+		.dstSet = descriptorSet,
+		.dstBinding = 0,
+		.dstArrayElement = 0,
+		.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
+		.descriptorCount = 1,
+		.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 1, &descriptorWrite, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+
+static void createPipelineLayout()
+{
+	const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+		.setLayoutCount = 1,
+		.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout,
+	};
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &createInfo, NULL, &pipelineLayout))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create pipeline layout: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyPipelineLayout()
+{
+	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, NULL);
+}
+
+static VkShaderModule vShaderModule;
+static VkShaderModule fShaderModule;
+
+static void createShaderModules()
+{
+	size_t vertLen, fragLen;
+	uint8_t *vertCode = read_file("vert.spv", &vertLen);
+	if (!vertCode) {
+		ERRQ("Could not read vert.spv");
+	}
+	uint8_t *fragCode = read_file("frag.spv", &fragLen);
+	if (!fragCode) {
+		ERRQ("Could not read frag.spv");
+	}
+
+	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.codeSize = vertLen,
+		.pCode = (void*)vertCode
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, NULL, &vShaderModule))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create vertex shader module: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	createInfo.codeSize = fragLen;
+	createInfo.pCode = (void*)fragCode;
+	if ((result = vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, NULL, &fShaderModule))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create fragment shader module: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	free(vertCode);
+	free(fragCode);
+}
+
+static void destroyShaderModules()
+{
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vShaderModule, NULL);
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fShaderModule, NULL);
+}
+
+// TODO: These should be dynamically allocated as arrays maybe
+static VkSemaphore imageAvailableSemaphore;
+static VkSemaphore renderFinishedSemaphore;
+
+static VkFence *imageFences;
+
+static void createSyncObjects()
+{
+	VkResult result;
+	const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO
+	};
+	if ((result = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &createInfo, NULL, &imageAvailableSemaphore))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create image available semaphore: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	if ((result = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &createInfo, NULL, &renderFinishedSemaphore))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create render finished semaphore: %d\n", result);
+	}
+	const VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT
+	};
+	imageFences = malloc(nImages*sizeof(VkFence*));
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		if ((result = vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, NULL, &imageFences[i]))) {
+			ERRFQ("Could not create render finished fence: %d\n", result);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroySyncObjects()
+{
+	vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphore, NULL);
+	vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphore, NULL);
+	if (imageFences) {
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+			vkDestroyFence(device, imageFences[i], NULL);
+		}
+		free(imageFences);
+		imageFences = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static VkBuffer meshBuffer;
+static VkDeviceMemory meshMemory;
+
+struct VertexLayout {
+	float position[3];
+	float normal[3];
+	float uv[2];
+};
+
+static uint32_t vertexCount;
+static uint32_t indexCount;
+
+VkDeviceSize vertexSize;
+VkDeviceSize indexSize;
+
+VkDeviceSize indexOffset;
+VkIndexType indexType;
+
+static void createVertexBuffer()
+{
+	size_t rawsize;
+	void *rawData = read_file("export.jch", &rawsize);
+	if (!rawData) {
+		ERRFQ("Cannot open model file\n");
+	}
+	const struct {
+		uint32_t signature;
+		uint32_t numVerts;
+		uint32_t numPolys;
+	} *header = rawData;
+	if (header->signature != 0x0048434a) {
+		ERRFQ("File is not model file\n");
+	}
+	printf("Verts:\t%d\nPolys:\t%d\n", header->numVerts, header->numPolys);
+	vertexCount = header->numVerts;
+	indexCount = 3*header->numPolys;
+	vertexSize = vertexCount*sizeof(struct VertexLayout);
+	indexSize = vertexCount > 65536 ? 4*indexCount : 2*indexCount;
+	indexType = vertexCount > 65536 ? VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32 : VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16;
+	if ((vertexSize + indexSize + sizeof(*header)) != rawsize) {
+		ERRFQ("Model file is corrupt\n");
+	}
+	indexOffset = vertexSize;
+
+	/* Make a simple staging buffer large enough to hold both vertex and index data */
+	const VkDeviceSize stagingSize = vertexSize + indexSize;
+
+	VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
+	VkDeviceMemory stagingMemory;
+
+	VkBufferCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+		.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT |
+			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
+			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+		.size = vertexSize + indexSize,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE	// FIXME: Transfer ownership to graphics queue family?
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateBuffer(device, &createInfo, NULL, &meshBuffer))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create mesh buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	createInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+	createInfo.size = stagingSize;
+
+	if ((result = vkCreateBuffer(device, &createInfo, NULL, &stagingBuffer))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create staging buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	const uint32_t hostProps = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+	const uint32_t deviceProps = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+
+	VkMemoryRequirements meshMemReq;
+	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, meshBuffer, &meshMemReq);
+	uint32_t memType = getMemType(&meshMemReq, deviceProps);
+
+	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = meshMemReq.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = memType
+	};
+
+	if ((result = vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, NULL, &meshMemory))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate mesh buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	VkMemoryRequirements stagingMemReq;
+	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &stagingMemReq);
+	memType = getMemType(&stagingMemReq, hostProps);
+	allocInfo.allocationSize = stagingMemReq.size;
+	allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memType;
+
+	if ((result = vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, NULL, &stagingMemory))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate staging buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	if ((result = vkBindBufferMemory(device, meshBuffer, meshMemory, 0))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not bind mesh buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	if ((result = vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingMemory, 0))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not bind staging buffer memory: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	void *data;
+	vkMapMemory(device, stagingMemory, 0, stagingMemReq.size, 0, &data);
+	memcpy(data, rawData + 12, vertexSize + indexSize);
+	vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingMemory);
+
+	free(rawData);
+
+	const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo copyAllocInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandPool = transferPool,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1
+	};
+	VkCommandBuffer copyBuffer;
+	if ((result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &copyAllocInfo, &copyBuffer))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not allocate copy command buffer %d\n", result);
+	}
+	
+	const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT
+	};
+	if ((result = vkBeginCommandBuffer(copyBuffer, &beginInfo))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not begin recording copy command buffer %d\n", result);
+	}
+	const VkBufferCopy copyRegions[] = {
+		{
+			.srcOffset = 0,
+			.dstOffset = 0,
+			.size = vertexSize
+		}, {
+			.srcOffset = vertexSize,
+			.dstOffset = vertexSize,
+			.size = indexSize
+		}
+	};
+	vkCmdCopyBuffer(copyBuffer, stagingBuffer, meshBuffer, 2, copyRegions);
+	vkEndCommandBuffer(copyBuffer);
+
+	const VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1,
+		.pCommandBuffers = &copyBuffer
+	};
+	vkQueueSubmit(transferQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+	vkQueueWaitIdle(transferQueue);
+	
+	/* Data is guaranteed to be fully written here.
+	 * If we didn't choose to synchronize here to free the command buffer
+	 * right away, then we would need to wait on a Fence or Semaphore
+	 * before touching it later on.
+	 */
+	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transferPool, 1, &copyBuffer);
+	vkFreeMemory(device, stagingMemory, NULL);
+	vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, NULL);
+}
+
+static void destroyVertexBuffer()
+{
+	vkDestroyBuffer(device, meshBuffer, NULL);
+	vkFreeMemory(device, meshMemory, NULL);
+}
+
+static VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;
+
+static void createGraphicsPipeline()
+{
+	const VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {{
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+		.module = vShaderModule,
+		.pName = "main"
+	}, {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+		.module = fShaderModule,
+		.pName = "main"
+	}};
+
+	const VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription = {
+		.binding = 0,
+		.stride = sizeof(struct VertexLayout),
+		.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX
+	};
+
+	const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription attribDescriptions[3] = {
+	{
+		.binding = 0,
+		.location = 0,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
+		.offset = offsetof(struct VertexLayout, position)
+	}, {
+		.binding = 0,
+		.location = 1,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
+		.offset = offsetof(struct VertexLayout, normal)
+	}, {
+		.binding = 0,
+		.location = 2,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+		.offset = offsetof(struct VertexLayout, uv)
+	}};
+
+	const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1,
+		.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription,
+		.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 3,
+		.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attribDescriptions
+	};
+
+	const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+		.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	const VkViewport viewport = {
+		.x = 0.0f,
+		.y = 0.0f,
+		.width = swapchainExtent.width,
+		.height = swapchainExtent.height,
+		.minDepth = 0.0f,
+		.maxDepth = 1.0f
+	};
+
+	const VkRect2D scissor = {
+		.offset = { 0, 0 },
+		.extent = swapchainExtent
+	};
+
+	const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.viewportCount = 1,
+		.pViewports = &viewport,
+		.scissorCount = 1,
+		.pScissors = &scissor
+	};
+
+	const VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+		.lineWidth = 1.0f,
+		.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
+		.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
+		.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.rasterizationSamples = msaaSampleCount,
+		.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE,
+		.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE,
+		.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL,
+		.front = {
+			.failOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+			.passOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+			.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+			.compareMask = 0,
+			.reference = 0,
+			.depthFailOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+			.writeMask = 0
+		}
+	};
+	depthStencilState.back = depthStencilState.front;
+
+	const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {
+		.colorWriteMask = 0xf,
+		.blendEnable = VK_FALSE,
+	};
+
+	const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
+		.attachmentCount = 1,
+		.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment,
+		.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f,
+		.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f,
+		.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f,
+		.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f
+	};
+
+	const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo createInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stageCount = 2,
+		.pStages = shaderStages,
+		.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState,
+		.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState,
+		.pTessellationState = NULL,
+		.pViewportState = &viewportState,
+		.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState,
+		.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState,
+		.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState,
+		.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState,
+		.pDynamicState = NULL,
+		.layout = pipelineLayout,
+		.renderPass = renderPass,
+		.subpass = 0,
+		.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+		.basePipelineIndex = 0
+	};
+
+	VkResult result;
+	if ((result = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &createInfo, NULL, &graphicsPipeline))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not create graphics pipeline: %d\n", result);
+	}
+}
+
+static void destroyGraphicsPipeline()
+{
+	vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, NULL);
+	graphicsPipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+}
+
+void setupScene()
+{
+	createUniformBuffer();
+	createDescriptorPool();
+	createDescriptorSetLayout();
+	allocateDescriptorSets();
+	updateDescriptorSets();
+	createPipelineLayout();
+	createShaderModules();
+	createSyncObjects();
+	createVertexBuffer();
+	createGraphicsPipeline();
+}
+
+void teardownScene()
+{
+	destroyGraphicsPipeline();
+	destroyVertexBuffer();
+	destroySyncObjects();
+	destroyShaderModules();
+	destroyPipelineLayout();
+	destroyDescriptorSetLayout();
+	destroyDescriptorPool();
+	destroyUniformBuffer();
+}
+
+void recordCommandBuffers()
+{
+	VkClearValue clearValues[3] = {{
+		.color.float32[0] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[1] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[2] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[3] = 1.0f,
+	}, {
+		.color.float32[0] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[1] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[2] = 0.0f,
+		.color.float32[3] = 1.0f,
+	}, {
+		.depthStencil.depth = 1.0f,
+		.depthStencil.stencil = 0
+	}};
+
+	if (!msaaEnabled) {
+		clearValues[1] = clearValues[2];
+	}
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nImages; ++i) {
+		const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+			.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT,
+			.pInheritanceInfo = NULL
+		};
+		vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i], &beginInfo);
+		
+		const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+			.renderPass = renderPass,
+			.framebuffer = swapchainFramebuffers[i],
+			.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 },
+			.renderArea.extent = swapchainExtent,
+			.clearValueCount = msaaEnabled ? 3 : 2,
+			.pClearValues = clearValues
+		};
+
+		vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+		vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);
+		const uint32_t dynamicOffsets[] = { i*uniformAlignment };
+		vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+				pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 1, dynamicOffsets);
+		const VkDeviceSize vertexOffsets[] = { 0 };
+		vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffers[i], 0, 1, &meshBuffer, vertexOffsets);
+		vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffers[i], meshBuffer, indexOffset, indexType);
+		/*vkCmdDraw(commandBuffers[i], vertexCount, 1, 0, 0);*/
+		vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffers[i], indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+		vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffers[i]);
+
+		VkResult result;
+		if ((result = vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i]))) {
+			ERRFQ("Could not record command buffer: %d\n", result);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// FIXME: Memory leak
+void recreateSwapchain()
+{
+	oldRawSwapchain = rawSwapchain;
+	destroyGraphicsPipeline();
+
+	// endVulkan();
+	destroySwapchainFramebuffers();
+	destroyRenderPass();
+	if (msaaEnabled) destroyMultisampleImage();
+	destroyDepthImage();
+	destroySwapchainImageViews();
+	//destroySwapchain();
+
+	// beginVulkan();
+	createSwapchain();
+	createSwapchainImageViews();
+	allocateCommandBuffers();
+	createDepthImage();
+	if (msaaEnabled) createMultisampleImage();
+	createRenderPass();
+	createSwapchainFramebuffers();
+
+	createGraphicsPipeline();
+
+	recordCommandBuffers();
+}
+
+float angle = 0.0f;
+uint32_t syncIndex;
+float location[4][4];
+void *data;
+uint32_t imageIndex;
+
+PuglStatus onResize(PuglView *view)
+{
+	//vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
+	//SDL_Vulkan_GetDrawableSize(win, &width, &height);
+	//int width, height;
+	//getFrame(view, &width, &height);
+	recreateSwapchain();
+	/* Adjust aspect ratio */
+	load_perspective(
+			uniformData.proj,
+			DEGREES(45),
+			(float)swapchainExtent.width/swapchainExtent.height, 0.1f, 10.0f
+			);
+}
+
+PuglStatus onDisplay(PuglView *view)
+{
+	float rotation[4][4];
+	//angle += PI/60.0f;
+	//if (angle > TWOPI) {
+	//	angle -= TWOPI;
+	//}
+	load_rotation_y(rotation, angle);
+	matmul4(location, rotation, uniformData.model);
+
+	VkResult result;
+retry:	switch(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(
+				device,
+				rawSwapchain,
+				UINT64_MAX,
+				imageAvailableSemaphore,
+				VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+				&imageIndex
+				)) {
+		case VK_SUCCESS:
+			break;
+		case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
+		case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
+			printf("REACTIVE resize\n");
+			onResize(view);
+			goto retry;
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "vkAcquireNextImageKHR: %d\n", result);
+			exit(1);
+	}
+	vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &imageFences[imageIndex], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+	memcpy(data + imageIndex*uniformAlignment, &uniformData, sizeof(uniformData));
+	//VkMappedMemoryRange uniformRange = {
+	//	.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE,
+	//	.memory = uniformMemory,
+	//	.offset = imageIndex*uniformAlignment,
+	//	.size = sizeof(uniformData)
+	//};
+	//vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(device, 1, &uniformRange);
+	vmaFlushAllocation(vmaAllocator, uniformVma, imageIndex*uniformAlignment, sizeof(uniformData));
+	vkResetFences(device, 1, &imageFences[imageIndex]);
+	VkPipelineStageFlags waitStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+	const VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &imageAvailableSemaphore,
+		.pWaitDstStageMask = &waitStage,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1,
+		.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffers[imageIndex],
+		.signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pSignalSemaphores = &renderFinishedSemaphore
+	};
+	if ((result = vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, imageFences[imageIndex]))) {
+		ERRFQ("Could not submit draw command buffer: %d\n", result);
+	}
+
+	const VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &renderFinishedSemaphore,
+		.swapchainCount = 1,
+		.pSwapchains = &rawSwapchain,
+		.pImageIndices = &imageIndex,
+		.pResults = NULL
+	};
+	vkQueuePresentKHR(graphicsQueue, &presentInfo);
+	//printf("I:\t%d\tS:\t%d\n", imageIndex, syncIndex);
+	syncIndex = (syncIndex+1) >= nImages ? 0 : (syncIndex+1);
+	//vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);
+	return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void cleanup()
+{
+	vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
+	//vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformMemory);
+	vmaUnmapMemory(vmaAllocator, uniformVma);
+
+	teardownScene();
+	endVulkan();
+	deinitVulkan();
+	puglFreeView(view);
+	puglFreeWorld(world);
+
+	/*
+	 * Vulkan library MUST be unloaded AFTER call to XCloseDisplay() or it will segfault
+	 */
+	vkDestroyInstance(instance, NULL);
+}
+
+int shouldResize(PuglView *view, const PuglEvent *e)
+{
+	if (swapchainExtent.width != e->configure.width ||
+	    swapchainExtent.height != e->configure.height) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void transformCoords(const PuglView *v, const PuglEvent *e, float *x, float *y)
+{
+	const PuglRect rect = puglGetFrame(v);
+	const double nx = e->motion.x/rect.width;
+	const double ny = e->motion.y/rect.height;
+	*x = 2.0*(nx-0.5);
+	*y = 2.0*(ny-0.5);
+}
+
+int running = 1;
+
+PuglStatus onEvent(PuglView *view, const PuglEvent *e)
+{
+	float mx, my, x, y;
+	const float z = -4.0f;
+	switch (e->type) {
+		case PUGL_CONFIGURE:
+			if (shouldResize(view, e)) onResize(view);
+			break;
+		case PUGL_EXPOSE:
+			onDisplay(view);
+			break;
+		case PUGL_CLOSE:
+			running = 0;
+			break;
+		case PUGL_KEY_PRESS:
+			break;
+		case PUGL_MOTION_NOTIFY:
+			transformCoords(view, e, &mx, &my);
+			x = -mx*z/uniformData.proj[0][0];
+			y = -my*z*(uniformData.proj[0][0]/uniformData.proj[1][1]);
+			load_location(location, x, y, z);
+			puglPostRedisplay(view);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+	}
+	return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	//if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) < 0) {
+	//	ERRQ(SDL_GetError());
+	//}
+
+	world = puglNewWorld();
+	if (!world) {
+		ERRQ("Could not create world\n");
+	}
+	view = puglNewView(world);
+	if (!view) {
+		ERRQ("Could not create view\n");
+	}
+	puglSetClassName(world, "Pugl Vulkan");
+	const PuglRect frame = { 0, 0, 1280, 720 };
+	puglSetFrame(view, frame);
+	puglSetBackend(view, NULL);
+	puglSetViewHint(view, PUGL_RESIZABLE, 1);
+	PuglStatus status;
+	if ((status = puglCreateWindow(view, "Blank Window"))) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create window: %d\n", status);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	puglShowWindow(view);
+	//puglPollEvents(world, -1);
+
+	//SDL_Vulkan_GetDrawableSize(win, &width, &height);
+	int width, height;
+	getFrame(view, &width, &height);
+	initVulkan();
+	beginVulkan(width, height);
+	setupScene();
+	populateUniformBuffer();
+
+	recordCommandBuffers();
+
+	load_location(location, 0.0f, 0.5f, -4.0f);
+
+	//vkMapMemory(device, uniformMemory, 0, nImages*uniformAlignment, 0, &data);
+	vmaMapMemory(vmaAllocator, uniformVma, &data);
+
+	puglSetEventFunc(view, onEvent);
+
+	while (running) {
+		puglPollEvents(world, -1);
+		puglDispatchEvents(world);
+	}
+quit:
+	cleanup();
+	//SDL_Quit();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/shader.frag b/shader.frag
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ead2db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shader.frag
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 normal;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 fragPos;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+float tubeIntegral(const float a, const float b, const float c, const float d, const float t)
+{
+    return (b*(c*t + d) - a*(c + t))/((c*c - d)*sqrt(t*(2*c + t) + d));
+}
+
+/* l0:        vector to the center of the light from the fragment
+ * n:         normalized surface normal of the fragment
+ * w:         normalized basis vector for the width axis of the light
+ * halfWidth: half the width of the light
+ */
+float tubeLight(const vec3 l0, const vec3 n, const vec3 w, const float halfWidth)
+{
+    const float a = dot(n, l0);
+    const float b = dot(n, w);
+    const float c = dot(l0, w);
+    const float d = dot(l0, l0);
+    const float m = sign(b + max(0.0, a)*max(0.0, b));
+    const float zeroBound = -a/b;
+    const float lowerBound = clamp(zeroBound, -halfWidth, halfWidth);
+    const float upperBound = m*halfWidth;
+    return m*(tubeIntegral(a, b, c, d, upperBound) - tubeIntegral(a, b, c, d, lowerBound));
+}
+
+void main() {
+    const vec3 lightPos = vec3(1.0, 2.0, -0.0);
+    const vec3 lightDir = lightPos - fragPos;
+
+    //const vec3 lightW = normalize(vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+    const float strength = 4.0;
+    const float invFalloff = strength/dot(lightDir, lightDir);
+    outColor = vec4(max(0.0, dot(normalize(normal), normalize(lightDir)))*invFalloff*vec3(1.0), 1.0);
+    //outColor = vec4(tubeLight(lightDir, normalize(normal), lightW, 5)*fragColor, 1.0);
+    //outColor.xyz += vec3(0.0625)*fragColor;
+    //const vec3 viewPos = -fragPos;
+    //const vec3 halfway = normalize(normalize(lightDir) - normalize(fragPos));
+    //const float specular = pow(max(0.0, dot(normalize(normal), halfway))*invFalloff, 20.0);
+    //const float specular = pow(tubeLight(lightDir, halfway, lightW, 5), 100.0);
+    //outColor = vec4(specular*vec3(1.0), 1.0);
+    //outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+}
diff --git a/shader.vert b/shader.vert
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0064e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shader.vert
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
+	mat4 model;
+	mat4 view;
+	mat4 proj;
+} ubo;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 inPosition;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 inUv;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec3 normal;
+layout(location = 1) out vec3 fragPos;
+
+//out gl_PerVertex {
+//	vec4 gl_Position;
+//};
+
+void main() {
+    //mat3 normalMatrix = transpose(inverse(mat3(ubo.model)));
+    gl_Position = ubo.proj * ubo.view * ubo.model * vec4(inPosition, 1.0);
+    normal = (ubo.model * vec4(inNormal, 0.0)).xyz;
+    //normal = inNormal;
+    fragPos = (ubo.view * ubo.model * vec4(inPosition, 1.0)).xyz;
+}
diff --git a/vk_mem_alloc.cc b/vk_mem_alloc.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2023d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vk_mem_alloc.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
diff --git a/vk_mem_alloc.h b/vk_mem_alloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..623f860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vk_mem_alloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17087 @@
+//

+// Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

+//

+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

+//

+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in

+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

+//

+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN

+// THE SOFTWARE.

+//

+

+#ifndef AMD_VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_H

+#define AMD_VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_H

+

+#ifdef __cplusplus

+extern "C" {

+#endif

+

+/** \mainpage Vulkan Memory Allocator

+

+<b>Version 2.3.0-development</b> (2019-07-02)

+

+Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. \n

+License: MIT

+

+Documentation of all members: vk_mem_alloc.h

+

+\section main_table_of_contents Table of contents

+

+- <b>User guide</b>

+  - \subpage quick_start

+    - [Project setup](@ref quick_start_project_setup)

+    - [Initialization](@ref quick_start_initialization)

+    - [Resource allocation](@ref quick_start_resource_allocation)

+  - \subpage choosing_memory_type

+    - [Usage](@ref choosing_memory_type_usage)

+    - [Required and preferred flags](@ref choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags)

+    - [Explicit memory types](@ref choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types)

+    - [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools)

+    - [Dedicated allocations](@ref choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations)

+  - \subpage memory_mapping

+    - [Mapping functions](@ref memory_mapping_mapping_functions)

+    - [Persistently mapped memory](@ref memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory)

+    - [Cache control](@ref memory_mapping_cache_control)

+    - [Finding out if memory is mappable](@ref memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable)

+  - \subpage custom_memory_pools

+    - [Choosing memory type index](@ref custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex)

+    - [Linear allocation algorithm](@ref linear_algorithm)

+      - [Free-at-once](@ref linear_algorithm_free_at_once)

+      - [Stack](@ref linear_algorithm_stack)

+      - [Double stack](@ref linear_algorithm_double_stack)

+      - [Ring buffer](@ref linear_algorithm_ring_buffer)

+    - [Buddy allocation algorithm](@ref buddy_algorithm)

+  - \subpage defragmentation

+  	- [Defragmenting CPU memory](@ref defragmentation_cpu)

+  	- [Defragmenting GPU memory](@ref defragmentation_gpu)

+  	- [Additional notes](@ref defragmentation_additional_notes)

+  	- [Writing custom allocation algorithm](@ref defragmentation_custom_algorithm)

+  - \subpage lost_allocations

+  - \subpage statistics

+    - [Numeric statistics](@ref statistics_numeric_statistics)

+    - [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump)

+  - \subpage allocation_annotation

+    - [Allocation user data](@ref allocation_user_data)

+    - [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names)

+  - \subpage debugging_memory_usage

+    - [Memory initialization](@ref debugging_memory_usage_initialization)

+    - [Margins](@ref debugging_memory_usage_margins)

+    - [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection)

+  - \subpage record_and_replay

+- \subpage usage_patterns

+  - [Common mistakes](@ref usage_patterns_common_mistakes)

+  - [Simple patterns](@ref usage_patterns_simple)

+  - [Advanced patterns](@ref usage_patterns_advanced)

+- \subpage configuration

+  - [Pointers to Vulkan functions](@ref config_Vulkan_functions)

+  - [Custom host memory allocator](@ref custom_memory_allocator)

+  - [Device memory allocation callbacks](@ref allocation_callbacks)

+  - [Device heap memory limit](@ref heap_memory_limit)

+  - \subpage vk_khr_dedicated_allocation

+- \subpage general_considerations

+  - [Thread safety](@ref general_considerations_thread_safety)

+  - [Validation layer warnings](@ref general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings)

+  - [Allocation algorithm](@ref general_considerations_allocation_algorithm)

+  - [Features not supported](@ref general_considerations_features_not_supported)

+

+\section main_see_also See also

+

+- [Product page on GPUOpen](https://gpuopen.com/gaming-product/vulkan-memory-allocator/)

+- [Source repository on GitHub](https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/VulkanMemoryAllocator)

+

+

+

+

+\page quick_start Quick start

+

+\section quick_start_project_setup Project setup

+

+Vulkan Memory Allocator comes in form of a "stb-style" single header file.

+You don't need to build it as a separate library project.

+You can add this file directly to your project and submit it to code repository next to your other source files.

+

+"Single header" doesn't mean that everything is contained in C/C++ declarations,

+like it tends to be in case of inline functions or C++ templates.

+It means that implementation is bundled with interface in a single file and needs to be extracted using preprocessor macro.

+If you don't do it properly, you will get linker errors.

+

+To do it properly:

+

+-# Include "vk_mem_alloc.h" file in each CPP file where you want to use the library.

+   This includes declarations of all members of the library.

+-# In exacly one CPP file define following macro before this include.

+   It enables also internal definitions.

+

+\code

+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION

+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

+\endcode

+

+It may be a good idea to create dedicated CPP file just for this purpose.

+

+Note on language: This library is written in C++, but has C-compatible interface.

+Thus you can include and use vk_mem_alloc.h in C or C++ code, but full

+implementation with `VMA_IMPLEMENTATION` macro must be compiled as C++, NOT as C.

+

+Please note that this library includes header `<vulkan/vulkan.h>`, which in turn

+includes `<windows.h>` on Windows. If you need some specific macros defined

+before including these headers (like `WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN` or

+`WINVER` for Windows, `VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR` for Vulkan), you must define

+them before every `#include` of this library.

+

+

+\section quick_start_initialization Initialization

+

+At program startup:

+

+-# Initialize Vulkan to have `VkPhysicalDevice` and `VkDevice` object.

+-# Fill VmaAllocatorCreateInfo structure and create #VmaAllocator object by

+   calling vmaCreateAllocator().

+

+\code

+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};

+allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = physicalDevice;

+allocatorInfo.device = device;

+

+VmaAllocator allocator;

+vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &allocator);

+\endcode

+

+\section quick_start_resource_allocation Resource allocation

+

+When you want to create a buffer or image:

+

+-# Fill `VkBufferCreateInfo` / `VkImageCreateInfo` structure.

+-# Fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure.

+-# Call vmaCreateBuffer() / vmaCreateImage() to get `VkBuffer`/`VkImage` with memory

+   already allocated and bound to it.

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufferInfo.size = 65536;

+bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};

+allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+

+VkBuffer buffer;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+Don't forget to destroy your objects when no longer needed:

+

+\code

+vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buffer, allocation);

+vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);

+\endcode

+

+

+\page choosing_memory_type Choosing memory type

+

+Physical devices in Vulkan support various combinations of memory heaps and

+types. Help with choosing correct and optimal memory type for your specific

+resource is one of the key features of this library. You can use it by filling

+appropriate members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure, as described below.

+You can also combine multiple methods.

+

+-# If you just want to find memory type index that meets your requirements, you

+   can use function: vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(),

+   vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo().

+-# If you want to allocate a region of device memory without association with any

+   specific image or buffer, you can use function vmaAllocateMemory(). Usage of

+   this function is not recommended and usually not needed.

+   vmaAllocateMemoryPages() function is also provided for creating multiple allocations at once,

+   which may be useful for sparse binding.

+-# If you already have a buffer or an image created, you want to allocate memory

+   for it and then you will bind it yourself, you can use function

+   vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().

+   For binding you should use functions: vmaBindBufferMemory(), vmaBindImageMemory()

+   or their extended versions: vmaBindBufferMemory2(), vmaBindImageMemory2().

+-# If you want to create a buffer or an image, allocate memory for it and bind

+   them together, all in one call, you can use function vmaCreateBuffer(),

+   vmaCreateImage(). This is the easiest and recommended way to use this library.

+

+When using 3. or 4., the library internally queries Vulkan for memory types

+supported for that buffer or image (function `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`)

+and uses only one of these types.

+

+If no memory type can be found that meets all the requirements, these functions

+return `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.

+

+You can leave VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure completely filled with zeros.

+It means no requirements are specified for memory type.

+It is valid, although not very useful.

+

+\section choosing_memory_type_usage Usage

+

+The easiest way to specify memory requirements is to fill member

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage using one of the values of enum #VmaMemoryUsage.

+It defines high level, common usage types.

+For more details, see description of this enum.

+

+For example, if you want to create a uniform buffer that will be filled using

+transfer only once or infrequently and used for rendering every frame, you can

+do it using following code:

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufferInfo.size = 65536;

+bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};

+allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+

+VkBuffer buffer;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+\section choosing_memory_type_required_preferred_flags Required and preferred flags

+

+You can specify more detailed requirements by filling members

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::requiredFlags and VmaAllocationCreateInfo::preferredFlags

+with a combination of bits from enum `VkMemoryPropertyFlags`. For example,

+if you want to create a buffer that will be persistently mapped on host (so it

+must be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and preferably will also be `HOST_COHERENT` and `HOST_CACHED`,

+use following code:

+

+\code

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};

+allocInfo.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;

+allocInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;

+allocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;

+

+VkBuffer buffer;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+A memory type is chosen that has all the required flags and as many preferred

+flags set as possible.

+

+If you use VmaAllocationCreateInfo::usage, it is just internally converted to

+a set of required and preferred flags.

+

+\section choosing_memory_type_explicit_memory_types Explicit memory types

+

+If you inspected memory types available on the physical device and you have

+a preference for memory types that you want to use, you can fill member

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::memoryTypeBits. It is a bit mask, where each bit set

+means that a memory type with that index is allowed to be used for the

+allocation. Special value 0, just like `UINT32_MAX`, means there are no

+restrictions to memory type index.

+

+Please note that this member is NOT just a memory type index.

+Still you can use it to choose just one, specific memory type.

+For example, if you already determined that your buffer should be created in

+memory type 2, use following code:

+

+\code

+uint32_t memoryTypeIndex = 2;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};

+allocInfo.memoryTypeBits = 1u << memoryTypeIndex;

+

+VkBuffer buffer;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+\section choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools

+

+If you allocate from custom memory pool, all the ways of specifying memory

+requirements described above are not applicable and the aforementioned members

+of VmaAllocationCreateInfo structure are ignored. Memory type is selected

+explicitly when creating the pool and then used to make all the allocations from

+that pool. For further details, see \ref custom_memory_pools.

+

+\section choosing_memory_type_dedicated_allocations Dedicated allocations

+

+Memory for allocations is reserved out of larger block of `VkDeviceMemory`

+allocated from Vulkan internally. That's the main feature of this whole library.

+You can still request a separate memory block to be created for an allocation,

+just like you would do in a trivial solution without using any allocator.

+In that case, a buffer or image is always bound to that memory at offset 0.

+This is called a "dedicated allocation".

+You can explicitly request it by using flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.

+The library can also internally decide to use dedicated allocation in some cases, e.g.:

+

+- When the size of the allocation is large.

+- When [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation](@ref vk_khr_dedicated_allocation) extension is enabled

+  and it reports that dedicated allocation is required or recommended for the resource.

+- When allocation of next big memory block fails due to not enough device memory,

+  but allocation with the exact requested size succeeds.

+

+

+\page memory_mapping Memory mapping

+

+To "map memory" in Vulkan means to obtain a CPU pointer to `VkDeviceMemory`,

+to be able to read from it or write to it in CPU code.

+Mapping is possible only of memory allocated from a memory type that has

+`VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` flag.

+Functions `vkMapMemory()`, `vkUnmapMemory()` are designed for this purpose.

+You can use them directly with memory allocated by this library,

+but it is not recommended because of following issue:

+Mapping the same `VkDeviceMemory` block multiple times is illegal - only one mapping at a time is allowed.

+This includes mapping disjoint regions. Mapping is not reference-counted internally by Vulkan.

+Because of this, Vulkan Memory Allocator provides following facilities:

+

+\section memory_mapping_mapping_functions Mapping functions

+

+The library provides following functions for mapping of a specific #VmaAllocation: vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().

+They are safer and more convenient to use than standard Vulkan functions.

+You can map an allocation multiple times simultaneously - mapping is reference-counted internally.

+You can also map different allocations simultaneously regardless of whether they use the same `VkDeviceMemory` block.

+The way it's implemented is that the library always maps entire memory block, not just region of the allocation.

+For further details, see description of vmaMapMemory() function.

+Example:

+

+\code

+// Having these objects initialized:

+

+struct ConstantBuffer

+{

+    ...

+};

+ConstantBuffer constantBufferData;

+

+VmaAllocator allocator;

+VkBuffer constantBuffer;

+VmaAllocation constantBufferAllocation;

+

+// You can map and fill your buffer using following code:

+

+void* mappedData;

+vmaMapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation, &mappedData);

+memcpy(mappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));

+vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, constantBufferAllocation);

+\endcode

+

+When mapping, you may see a warning from Vulkan validation layer similar to this one:

+

+<i>Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.</i>

+

+It happens because the library maps entire `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different

+types of images and buffers may end up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.

+You can safely ignore it if you are sure you access only memory of the intended

+object that you wanted to map.

+

+

+\section memory_mapping_persistently_mapped_memory Persistently mapped memory

+

+Kepping your memory persistently mapped is generally OK in Vulkan.

+You don't need to unmap it before using its data on the GPU.

+The library provides a special feature designed for that:

+Allocations made with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag set in

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags stay mapped all the time,

+so you can just access CPU pointer to it any time

+without a need to call any "map" or "unmap" function.

+Example:

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);

+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;

+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;

+

+VkBuffer buf;

+VmaAllocation alloc;

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);

+

+// Buffer is already mapped. You can access its memory.

+memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));

+\endcode

+

+There are some exceptions though, when you should consider mapping memory only for a short period of time:

+

+- When operating system is Windows 7 or 8.x (Windows 10 is not affected because it uses WDDM2),

+  device is discrete AMD GPU,

+  and memory type is the special 256 MiB pool of `DEVICE_LOCAL + HOST_VISIBLE` memory

+  (selected when you use #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU),

+  then whenever a memory block allocated from this memory type stays mapped

+  for the time of any call to `vkQueueSubmit()` or `vkQueuePresentKHR()`, this

+  block is migrated by WDDM to system RAM, which degrades performance. It doesn't

+  matter if that particular memory block is actually used by the command buffer

+  being submitted.

+- On Mac/MoltenVK there is a known bug - [Issue #175](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/issues/175)

+  which requires unmapping before GPU can see updated texture.

+- Keeping many large memory blocks mapped may impact performance or stability of some debugging tools.

+

+\section memory_mapping_cache_control Cache control

+  

+Memory in Vulkan doesn't need to be unmapped before using it on GPU,

+but unless a memory types has `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` flag set,

+you need to manually invalidate cache before reading of mapped pointer

+and flush cache after writing to mapped pointer.

+Vulkan provides following functions for this purpose `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()`,

+`vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()`, but this library provides more convenient

+functions that refer to given allocation object: vmaFlushAllocation(),

+vmaInvalidateAllocation().

+

+Regions of memory specified for flush/invalidate must be aligned to

+`VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::nonCoherentAtomSize`. This is automatically ensured by the library.

+In any memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE` but not `HOST_COHERENT`, all allocations

+within blocks are aligned to this value, so their offsets are always multiply of

+`nonCoherentAtomSize` and two different allocations never share same "line" of this size.

+

+Please note that memory allocated with #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY is guaranteed to be `HOST_COHERENT`.

+

+Also, Windows drivers from all 3 PC GPU vendors (AMD, Intel, NVIDIA)

+currently provide `HOST_COHERENT` flag on all memory types that are

+`HOST_VISIBLE`, so on this platform you may not need to bother.

+

+\section memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable Finding out if memory is mappable

+

+It may happen that your allocation ends up in memory that is `HOST_VISIBLE` (available for mapping)

+despite it wasn't explicitly requested.

+For example, application may work on integrated graphics with unified memory (like Intel) or

+allocation from video memory might have failed, so the library chose system memory as fallback.

+

+You can detect this case and map such allocation to access its memory on CPU directly,

+instead of launching a transfer operation.

+In order to do that: inspect `allocInfo.memoryType`, call vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(),

+and look for `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` flag in properties of that memory type.

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);

+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;

+

+VkBuffer buf;

+VmaAllocation alloc;

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);

+

+VkMemoryPropertyFlags memFlags;

+vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(allocator, allocInfo.memoryType, &memFlags);

+if((memFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)

+{

+    // Allocation ended up in mappable memory. You can map it and access it directly.

+    void* mappedData;

+    vmaMapMemory(allocator, alloc, &mappedData);

+    memcpy(mappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));

+    vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, alloc);

+}

+else

+{

+    // Allocation ended up in non-mappable memory.

+    // You need to create CPU-side buffer in VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and make a transfer.

+}

+\endcode

+

+You can even use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag while creating allocations

+that are not necessarily `HOST_VISIBLE` (e.g. using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY).

+If the allocation ends up in memory type that is `HOST_VISIBLE`, it will be persistently mapped and you can use it directly.

+If not, the flag is just ignored.

+Example:

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufCreateInfo.size = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);

+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;

+

+VkBuffer buf;

+VmaAllocation alloc;

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);

+

+if(allocInfo.pUserData != nullptr)

+{

+    // Allocation ended up in mappable memory.

+    // It's persistently mapped. You can access it directly.

+    memcpy(allocInfo.pMappedData, &constantBufferData, sizeof(constantBufferData));

+}

+else

+{

+    // Allocation ended up in non-mappable memory.

+    // You need to create CPU-side buffer in VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and make a transfer.

+}

+\endcode

+

+

+\page custom_memory_pools Custom memory pools

+

+A memory pool contains a number of `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.

+The library automatically creates and manages default pool for each memory type available on the device.

+Default memory pool automatically grows in size.

+Size of allocated blocks is also variable and managed automatically.

+

+You can create custom pool and allocate memory out of it.

+It can be useful if you want to:

+

+- Keep certain kind of allocations separate from others.

+- Enforce particular, fixed size of Vulkan memory blocks.

+- Limit maximum amount of Vulkan memory allocated for that pool.

+- Reserve minimum or fixed amount of Vulkan memory always preallocated for that pool.

+

+To use custom memory pools:

+

+-# Fill VmaPoolCreateInfo structure.

+-# Call vmaCreatePool() to obtain #VmaPool handle.

+-# When making an allocation, set VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool to this handle.

+   You don't need to specify any other parameters of this structure, like `usage`.

+

+Example:

+

+\code

+// Create a pool that can have at most 2 blocks, 128 MiB each.

+VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};

+poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = ...

+poolCreateInfo.blockSize = 128ull * 1024 * 1024;

+poolCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = 2;

+

+VmaPool pool;

+vmaCreatePool(allocator, &poolCreateInfo, &pool);

+

+// Allocate a buffer out of it.

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+bufCreateInfo.size = 1024;

+bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.pool = pool;

+

+VkBuffer buf;

+VmaAllocation alloc;

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buf, &alloc, &allocInfo);

+\endcode

+

+You have to free all allocations made from this pool before destroying it.

+

+\code

+vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, buf, alloc);

+vmaDestroyPool(allocator, pool);

+\endcode

+

+\section custom_memory_pools_MemTypeIndex Choosing memory type index

+

+When creating a pool, you must explicitly specify memory type index.

+To find the one suitable for your buffers or images, you can use helper functions

+vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(), vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo().

+You need to provide structures with example parameters of buffers or images

+that you are going to create in that pool.

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo exampleBufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+exampleBufCreateInfo.size = 1024; // Whatever.

+exampleBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT; // Change if needed.

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY; // Change if needed.

+

+uint32_t memTypeIndex;

+vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator, &exampleBufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &memTypeIndex);

+

+VmaPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};

+poolCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;

+// ...

+\endcode

+

+When creating buffers/images allocated in that pool, provide following parameters:

+

+- `VkBufferCreateInfo`: Prefer to pass same parameters as above.

+  Otherwise you risk creating resources in a memory type that is not suitable for them, which may result in undefined behavior.

+  Using different `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_` flags may work, but you shouldn't create images in a pool intended for buffers

+  or the other way around.

+- VmaAllocationCreateInfo: You don't need to pass same parameters. Fill only `pool` member.

+  Other members are ignored anyway.

+

+\section linear_algorithm Linear allocation algorithm

+

+Each Vulkan memory block managed by this library has accompanying metadata that

+keeps track of used and unused regions. By default, the metadata structure and

+algorithm tries to find best place for new allocations among free regions to

+optimize memory usage. This way you can allocate and free objects in any order.

+

+![Default allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_1_algo_default.png)

+

+Sometimes there is a need to use simpler, linear allocation algorithm. You can

+create custom pool that uses such algorithm by adding flag

+#VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT to VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags while creating

+#VmaPool object. Then an alternative metadata management is used. It always

+creates new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse free regions after

+allocations freed in the middle. It results in better allocation performance and

+less memory consumed by metadata.

+

+![Linear allocation algorithm](../gfx/Linear_allocator_2_algo_linear.png)

+

+With this one flag, you can create a custom pool that can be used in many ways:

+free-at-once, stack, double stack, and ring buffer. See below for details.

+

+\subsection linear_algorithm_free_at_once Free-at-once

+

+In a pool that uses linear algorithm, you still need to free all the allocations

+individually, e.g. by using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaDestroyBuffer(). You can free

+them in any order. New allocations are always made after last one - free space

+in the middle is not reused. However, when you release all the allocation and

+the pool becomes empty, allocation starts from the beginning again. This way you

+can use linear algorithm to speed up creation of allocations that you are going

+to release all at once.

+

+![Free-at-once](../gfx/Linear_allocator_3_free_at_once.png)

+

+This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount

+value that allows multiple memory blocks.

+

+\subsection linear_algorithm_stack Stack

+

+When you free an allocation that was created last, its space can be reused.

+Thanks to this, if you always release allocations in the order opposite to their

+creation (LIFO - Last In First Out), you can achieve behavior of a stack.

+

+![Stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_4_stack.png)

+

+This mode is also available for pools created with VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount

+value that allows multiple memory blocks.

+

+\subsection linear_algorithm_double_stack Double stack

+

+The space reserved by a custom pool with linear algorithm may be used by two

+stacks:

+

+- First, default one, growing up from offset 0.

+- Second, "upper" one, growing down from the end towards lower offsets.

+

+To make allocation from upper stack, add flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT

+to VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.

+

+![Double stack](../gfx/Linear_allocator_7_double_stack.png)

+

+Double stack is available only in pools with one memory block -

+VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.

+

+When the two stacks' ends meet so there is not enough space between them for a

+new allocation, such allocation fails with usual

+`VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.

+

+\subsection linear_algorithm_ring_buffer Ring buffer

+

+When you free some allocations from the beginning and there is not enough free space

+for a new one at the end of a pool, allocator's "cursor" wraps around to the

+beginning and starts allocation there. Thanks to this, if you always release

+allocations in the same order as you created them (FIFO - First In First Out),

+you can achieve behavior of a ring buffer / queue.

+

+![Ring buffer](../gfx/Linear_allocator_5_ring_buffer.png)

+

+Pools with linear algorithm support [lost allocations](@ref lost_allocations) when used as ring buffer.

+If there is not enough free space for a new allocation, but existing allocations

+from the front of the queue can become lost, they become lost and the allocation

+succeeds.

+

+![Ring buffer with lost allocations](../gfx/Linear_allocator_6_ring_buffer_lost.png)

+

+Ring buffer is available only in pools with one memory block -

+VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount must be 1. Otherwise behavior is undefined.

+

+\section buddy_algorithm Buddy allocation algorithm

+

+There is another allocation algorithm that can be used with custom pools, called

+"buddy". Its internal data structure is based on a tree of blocks, each having

+size that is a power of two and a half of its parent's size. When you want to

+allocate memory of certain size, a free node in the tree is located. If it's too

+large, it is recursively split into two halves (called "buddies"). However, if

+requested allocation size is not a power of two, the size of a tree node is

+aligned up to the nearest power of two and the remaining space is wasted. When

+two buddy nodes become free, they are merged back into one larger node.

+

+![Buddy allocator](../gfx/Buddy_allocator.png)

+

+The advantage of buddy allocation algorithm over default algorithm is faster

+allocation and deallocation, as well as smaller external fragmentation. The

+disadvantage is more wasted space (internal fragmentation).

+

+For more information, please read ["Buddy memory allocation" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_memory_allocation)

+or other sources that describe this concept in general.

+

+To use buddy allocation algorithm with a custom pool, add flag

+#VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT to VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags while creating

+#VmaPool object.

+

+Several limitations apply to pools that use buddy algorithm:

+

+- It is recommended to use VmaPoolCreateInfo::blockSize that is a power of two.

+  Otherwise, only largest power of two smaller than the size is used for

+  allocations. The remaining space always stays unused.

+- [Margins](@ref debugging_memory_usage_margins) and

+  [corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection)

+  don't work in such pools.

+- [Lost allocations](@ref lost_allocations) don't work in such pools. You can

+  use them, but they never become lost. Support may be added in the future.

+- [Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation) doesn't work with allocations made from

+  such pool.

+

+\page defragmentation Defragmentation

+

+Interleaved allocations and deallocations of many objects of varying size can

+cause fragmentation over time, which can lead to a situation where the library is unable

+to find a continuous range of free memory for a new allocation despite there is

+enough free space, just scattered across many small free ranges between existing

+allocations.

+

+To mitigate this problem, you can use defragmentation feature:

+structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2, function vmaDefragmentationBegin(), vmaDefragmentationEnd().

+Given set of allocations, 

+this function can move them to compact used memory, ensure more continuous free

+space and possibly also free some `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.

+

+What the defragmentation does is:

+

+- Updates #VmaAllocation objects to point to new `VkDeviceMemory` and offset.

+  After allocation has been moved, its VmaAllocationInfo::deviceMemory and/or

+  VmaAllocationInfo::offset changes. You must query them again using

+  vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you need them.

+- Moves actual data in memory.

+

+What it doesn't do, so you need to do it yourself:

+

+- Recreate buffers and images that were bound to allocations that were defragmented and

+  bind them with their new places in memory.

+  You must use `vkDestroyBuffer()`, `vkDestroyImage()`,

+  `vkCreateBuffer()`, `vkCreateImage()`, vmaBindBufferMemory(), vmaBindImageMemory()

+  for that purpose and NOT vmaDestroyBuffer(),

+  vmaDestroyImage(), vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(), because you don't need to

+  destroy or create allocation objects!

+- Recreate views and update descriptors that point to these buffers and images.

+

+\section defragmentation_cpu Defragmenting CPU memory

+

+Following example demonstrates how you can run defragmentation on CPU.

+Only allocations created in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE` can be defragmented.

+Others are ignored.

+

+The way it works is:

+

+- It temporarily maps entire memory blocks when necessary.

+- It moves data using `memmove()` function.

+

+\code

+// Given following variables already initialized:

+VkDevice device;

+VmaAllocator allocator;

+std::vector<VkBuffer> buffers;

+std::vector<VmaAllocation> allocations;

+

+

+const uint32_t allocCount = (uint32_t)allocations.size();

+std::vector<VkBool32> allocationsChanged(allocCount);

+

+VmaDefragmentationInfo2 defragInfo = {};

+defragInfo.allocationCount = allocCount;

+defragInfo.pAllocations = allocations.data();

+defragInfo.pAllocationsChanged = allocationsChanged.data();

+defragInfo.maxCpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE; // No limit.

+defragInfo.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX; // No limit.

+

+VmaDefragmentationContext defragCtx;

+vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &defragInfo, nullptr, &defragCtx);

+vmaDefragmentationEnd(allocator, defragCtx);

+

+for(uint32_t i = 0; i < allocCount; ++i)

+{

+    if(allocationsChanged[i])

+    {

+        // Destroy buffer that is immutably bound to memory region which is no longer valid.

+        vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffers[i], nullptr);

+

+        // Create new buffer with same parameters.

+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = ...;

+        vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffers[i]);

+            

+        // You can make dummy call to vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements here to silence validation layer warning.

+            

+        // Bind new buffer to new memory region. Data contained in it is already moved.

+        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+        vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocations[i], &allocInfo);

+        vmaBindBufferMemory(allocator, allocations[i], buffers[i]);

+    }

+}

+\endcode

+

+Setting VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocationsChanged is optional.

+This output array tells whether particular allocation in VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocations at the same index

+has been modified during defragmentation.

+You can pass null, but you then need to query every allocation passed to defragmentation

+for new parameters using vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you might need to recreate and rebind a buffer or image associated with it.

+

+If you use [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools),

+you can fill VmaDefragmentationInfo2::poolCount and VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pPools

+instead of VmaDefragmentationInfo2::allocationCount and VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocations

+to defragment all allocations in given pools.

+You cannot use VmaDefragmentationInfo2::pAllocationsChanged in that case.

+You can also combine both methods.

+

+\section defragmentation_gpu Defragmenting GPU memory

+

+It is also possible to defragment allocations created in memory types that are not `HOST_VISIBLE`.

+To do that, you need to pass a command buffer that meets requirements as described in

+VmaDefragmentationInfo2::commandBuffer. The way it works is:

+

+- It creates temporary buffers and binds them to entire memory blocks when necessary.

+- It issues `vkCmdCopyBuffer()` to passed command buffer.

+

+Example:

+

+\code

+// Given following variables already initialized:

+VkDevice device;

+VmaAllocator allocator;

+VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;

+std::vector<VkBuffer> buffers;

+std::vector<VmaAllocation> allocations;

+

+

+const uint32_t allocCount = (uint32_t)allocations.size();

+std::vector<VkBool32> allocationsChanged(allocCount);

+

+VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = ...;

+vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &cmdBufBeginInfo);

+

+VmaDefragmentationInfo2 defragInfo = {};

+defragInfo.allocationCount = allocCount;

+defragInfo.pAllocations = allocations.data();

+defragInfo.pAllocationsChanged = allocationsChanged.data();

+defragInfo.maxGpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE; // Notice it's "GPU" this time.

+defragInfo.maxGpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX; // Notice it's "GPU" this time.

+defragInfo.commandBuffer = commandBuffer;

+

+VmaDefragmentationContext defragCtx;

+vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &defragInfo, nullptr, &defragCtx);

+

+vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);

+

+// Submit commandBuffer.

+// Wait for a fence that ensures commandBuffer execution finished.

+

+vmaDefragmentationEnd(allocator, defragCtx);

+

+for(uint32_t i = 0; i < allocCount; ++i)

+{

+    if(allocationsChanged[i])

+    {

+        // Destroy buffer that is immutably bound to memory region which is no longer valid.

+        vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffers[i], nullptr);

+

+        // Create new buffer with same parameters.

+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = ...;

+        vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffers[i]);

+            

+        // You can make dummy call to vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements here to silence validation layer warning.

+            

+        // Bind new buffer to new memory region. Data contained in it is already moved.

+        VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+        vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocations[i], &allocInfo);

+        vmaBindBufferMemory(allocator, allocations[i], buffers[i]);

+    }

+}

+\endcode

+

+You can combine these two methods by specifying non-zero `maxGpu*` as well as `maxCpu*` parameters.

+The library automatically chooses best method to defragment each memory pool.

+

+You may try not to block your entire program to wait until defragmentation finishes,

+but do it in the background, as long as you carefully fullfill requirements described

+in function vmaDefragmentationBegin().

+

+\section defragmentation_additional_notes Additional notes

+

+It is only legal to defragment allocations bound to:

+

+- buffers

+- images created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, and

+  being currently in `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`.

+

+Defragmentation of images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` or in any other

+layout may give undefined results.

+

+If you defragment allocations bound to images, new images to be bound to new

+memory region after defragmentation should be created with `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

+and then transitioned to their original layout from before defragmentation if

+needed using an image memory barrier.

+

+While using defragmentation, you may experience validation layer warnings, which you just need to ignore.

+See [Validation layer warnings](@ref general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings).

+

+Please don't expect memory to be fully compacted after defragmentation.

+Algorithms inside are based on some heuristics that try to maximize number of Vulkan

+memory blocks to make totally empty to release them, as well as to maximimze continuous

+empty space inside remaining blocks, while minimizing the number and size of allocations that

+need to be moved. Some fragmentation may still remain - this is normal.

+

+\section defragmentation_custom_algorithm Writing custom defragmentation algorithm

+

+If you want to implement your own, custom defragmentation algorithm,

+there is infrastructure prepared for that,

+but it is not exposed through the library API - you need to hack its source code.

+Here are steps needed to do this:

+

+-# Main thing you need to do is to define your own class derived from base abstract

+   class `VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm` and implement your version of its pure virtual methods.

+   See definition and comments of this class for details.

+-# Your code needs to interact with device memory block metadata.

+   If you need more access to its data than it's provided by its public interface,

+   declare your new class as a friend class e.g. in class `VmaBlockMetadata_Generic`.

+-# If you want to create a flag that would enable your algorithm or pass some additional

+   flags to configure it, add them to `VmaDefragmentationFlagBits` and use them in

+   VmaDefragmentationInfo2::flags.

+-# Modify function `VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::Begin` to create object

+   of your new class whenever needed.

+

+

+\page lost_allocations Lost allocations

+

+If your game oversubscribes video memory, if may work OK in previous-generation

+graphics APIs (DirectX 9, 10, 11, OpenGL) because resources are automatically

+paged to system RAM. In Vulkan you can't do it because when you run out of

+memory, an allocation just fails. If you have more data (e.g. textures) that can

+fit into VRAM and you don't need it all at once, you may want to upload them to

+GPU on demand and "push out" ones that are not used for a long time to make room

+for the new ones, effectively using VRAM (or a cartain memory pool) as a form of

+cache. Vulkan Memory Allocator can help you with that by supporting a concept of

+"lost allocations".

+

+To create an allocation that can become lost, include #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT

+flag in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags. Before using a buffer or image bound to

+such allocation in every new frame, you need to query it if it's not lost.

+To check it, call vmaTouchAllocation().

+If the allocation is lost, you should not use it or buffer/image bound to it.

+You mustn't forget to destroy this allocation and this buffer/image.

+vmaGetAllocationInfo() can also be used for checking status of the allocation.

+Allocation is lost when returned VmaAllocationInfo::deviceMemory == `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.

+

+To create an allocation that can make some other allocations lost to make room

+for it, use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT flag. You will

+usually use both flags #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT and

+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT at the same time.

+

+Warning! Current implementation uses quite naive, brute force algorithm,

+which can make allocation calls that use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT

+flag quite slow. A new, more optimal algorithm and data structure to speed this

+up is planned for the future.

+

+<b>Q: When interleaving creation of new allocations with usage of existing ones,

+how do you make sure that an allocation won't become lost while it's used in the

+current frame?</b>

+

+It is ensured because vmaTouchAllocation() / vmaGetAllocationInfo() not only returns allocation

+status/parameters and checks whether it's not lost, but when it's not, it also

+atomically marks it as used in the current frame, which makes it impossible to

+become lost in that frame. It uses lockless algorithm, so it works fast and

+doesn't involve locking any internal mutex.

+

+<b>Q: What if my allocation may still be in use by the GPU when it's rendering a

+previous frame while I already submit new frame on the CPU?</b>

+

+You can make sure that allocations "touched" by vmaTouchAllocation() / vmaGetAllocationInfo() will not

+become lost for a number of additional frames back from the current one by

+specifying this number as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::frameInUseCount (for default

+memory pool) and VmaPoolCreateInfo::frameInUseCount (for custom pool).

+

+<b>Q: How do you inform the library when new frame starts?</b>

+

+You need to call function vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex().

+

+Example code:

+

+\code

+struct MyBuffer

+{

+    VkBuffer m_Buf = nullptr;

+    VmaAllocation m_Alloc = nullptr;

+

+    // Called when the buffer is really needed in the current frame.

+    void EnsureBuffer();

+};

+

+void MyBuffer::EnsureBuffer()

+{

+    // Buffer has been created.

+    if(m_Buf != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        // Check if its allocation is not lost + mark it as used in current frame.

+        if(vmaTouchAllocation(allocator, m_Alloc))

+        {

+            // It's all OK - safe to use m_Buf.

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Buffer not yet exists or lost - destroy and recreate it.

+

+    vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, m_Buf, m_Alloc);

+

+    VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+    bufCreateInfo.size = 1024;

+    bufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+

+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+    allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+    allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT |

+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT;

+

+    vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufCreateInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &m_Buf, &m_Alloc, nullptr);

+}

+\endcode

+

+When using lost allocations, you may see some Vulkan validation layer warnings

+about overlapping regions of memory bound to different kinds of buffers and

+images. This is still valid as long as you implement proper handling of lost

+allocations (like in the example above) and don't use them.

+

+You can create an allocation that is already in lost state from the beginning using function

+vmaCreateLostAllocation(). It may be useful if you need a "dummy" allocation that is not null.

+

+You can call function vmaMakePoolAllocationsLost() to set all eligible allocations

+in a specified custom pool to lost state.

+Allocations that have been "touched" in current frame or VmaPoolCreateInfo::frameInUseCount frames back

+cannot become lost.

+

+<b>Q: Can I touch allocation that cannot become lost?</b>

+

+Yes, although it has no visible effect.

+Calls to vmaGetAllocationInfo() and vmaTouchAllocation() update last use frame index

+also for allocations that cannot become lost, but the only way to observe it is to dump

+internal allocator state using vmaBuildStatsString().

+You can use this feature for debugging purposes to explicitly mark allocations that you use

+in current frame and then analyze JSON dump to see for how long each allocation stays unused.

+

+

+\page statistics Statistics

+

+This library contains functions that return information about its internal state,

+especially the amount of memory allocated from Vulkan.

+Please keep in mind that these functions need to traverse all internal data structures

+to gather these information, so they may be quite time-consuming.

+Don't call them too often.

+

+\section statistics_numeric_statistics Numeric statistics

+

+You can query for overall statistics of the allocator using function vmaCalculateStats().

+Information are returned using structure #VmaStats.

+It contains #VmaStatInfo - number of allocated blocks, number of allocations

+(occupied ranges in these blocks), number of unused (free) ranges in these blocks,

+number of bytes used and unused (but still allocated from Vulkan) and other information.

+They are summed across memory heaps, memory types and total for whole allocator.

+

+You can query for statistics of a custom pool using function vmaGetPoolStats().

+Information are returned using structure #VmaPoolStats.

+

+You can query for information about specific allocation using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().

+It fill structure #VmaAllocationInfo.

+

+\section statistics_json_dump JSON dump

+

+You can dump internal state of the allocator to a string in JSON format using function vmaBuildStatsString().

+The result is guaranteed to be correct JSON.

+It uses ANSI encoding.

+Any strings provided by user (see [Allocation names](@ref allocation_names))

+are copied as-is and properly escaped for JSON, so if they use UTF-8, ISO-8859-2 or any other encoding,

+this JSON string can be treated as using this encoding.

+It must be freed using function vmaFreeStatsString().

+

+The format of this JSON string is not part of official documentation of the library,

+but it will not change in backward-incompatible way without increasing library major version number

+and appropriate mention in changelog.

+

+The JSON string contains all the data that can be obtained using vmaCalculateStats().

+It can also contain detailed map of allocated memory blocks and their regions -

+free and occupied by allocations.

+This allows e.g. to visualize the memory or assess fragmentation.

+

+

+\page allocation_annotation Allocation names and user data

+

+\section allocation_user_data Allocation user data

+

+You can annotate allocations with your own information, e.g. for debugging purposes.

+To do that, fill VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData field when creating

+an allocation. It's an opaque `void*` pointer. You can use it e.g. as a pointer,

+some handle, index, key, ordinal number or any other value that would associate

+the allocation with your custom metadata.

+

+\code

+VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };

+// Fill bufferInfo...

+

+MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = CreateBufferMetadata();

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+allocCreateInfo.pUserData = pMetadata;

+

+VkBuffer buffer;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &buffer, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+The pointer may be later retrieved as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData:

+

+\code

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocation, &allocInfo);

+MyBufferMetadata* pMetadata = (MyBufferMetadata*)allocInfo.pUserData;

+\endcode

+

+It can also be changed using function vmaSetAllocationUserData().

+

+Values of (non-zero) allocations' `pUserData` are printed in JSON report created by

+vmaBuildStatsString(), in hexadecimal form.

+

+\section allocation_names Allocation names

+

+There is alternative mode available where `pUserData` pointer is used to point to

+a null-terminated string, giving a name to the allocation. To use this mode,

+set #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT flag in VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.

+Then `pUserData` passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or argument to

+vmaSetAllocationUserData() must be either null or pointer to a null-terminated string.

+The library creates internal copy of the string, so the pointer you pass doesn't need

+to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation. You can free it after the call.

+

+\code

+VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };

+// Fill imageInfo...

+

+std::string imageName = "Texture: ";

+imageName += fileName;

+

+VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocCreateInfo = {};

+allocCreateInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

+allocCreateInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT;

+allocCreateInfo.pUserData = imageName.c_str();

+

+VkImage image;

+VmaAllocation allocation;

+vmaCreateImage(allocator, &imageInfo, &allocCreateInfo, &image, &allocation, nullptr);

+\endcode

+

+The value of `pUserData` pointer of the allocation will be different than the one

+you passed when setting allocation's name - pointing to a buffer managed

+internally that holds copy of the string.

+

+\code

+VmaAllocationInfo allocInfo;

+vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, allocation, &allocInfo);

+const char* imageName = (const char*)allocInfo.pUserData;

+printf("Image name: %s\n", imageName);

+\endcode

+

+That string is also printed in JSON report created by vmaBuildStatsString().

+

+

+\page debugging_memory_usage Debugging incorrect memory usage

+

+If you suspect a bug with memory usage, like usage of uninitialized memory or

+memory being overwritten out of bounds of an allocation,

+you can use debug features of this library to verify this.

+

+\section debugging_memory_usage_initialization Memory initialization

+

+If you experience a bug with incorrect and nondeterministic data in your program and you suspect uninitialized memory to be used,

+you can enable automatic memory initialization to verify this.

+To do it, define macro `VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS` to 1.

+

+\code

+#define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS 1

+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

+\endcode

+

+It makes memory of all new allocations initialized to bit pattern `0xDCDCDCDC`.

+Before an allocation is destroyed, its memory is filled with bit pattern `0xEFEFEFEF`.

+Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.

+

+If you find these values while debugging your program, good chances are that you incorrectly

+read Vulkan memory that is allocated but not initialized, or already freed, respectively.

+

+Memory initialization works only with memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE`.

+It works also with dedicated allocations.

+It doesn't work with allocations created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag,

+as they cannot be mapped.

+

+\section debugging_memory_usage_margins Margins

+

+By default, allocations are laid out in memory blocks next to each other if possible

+(considering required alignment, `bufferImageGranularity`, and `nonCoherentAtomSize`).

+

+![Allocations without margin](../gfx/Margins_1.png)

+

+Define macro `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` to some non-zero value (e.g. 16) to enforce specified

+number of bytes as a margin before and after every allocation.

+

+\code

+#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16

+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

+\endcode

+

+![Allocations with margin](../gfx/Margins_2.png)

+

+If your bug goes away after enabling margins, it means it may be caused by memory

+being overwritten outside of allocation boundaries. It is not 100% certain though.

+Change in application behavior may also be caused by different order and distribution

+of allocations across memory blocks after margins are applied.

+

+The margin is applied also before first and after last allocation in a block.

+It may occur only once between two adjacent allocations.

+

+Margins work with all types of memory.

+

+Margin is applied only to allocations made out of memory blocks and not to dedicated

+allocations, which have their own memory block of specific size.

+It is thus not applied to allocations made using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT flag

+or those automatically decided to put into dedicated allocations, e.g. due to its

+large size or recommended by VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.

+Margins are also not active in custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.

+

+Margins appear in [JSON dump](@ref statistics_json_dump) as part of free space.

+

+Note that enabling margins increases memory usage and fragmentation.

+

+\section debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection Corruption detection

+

+You can additionally define macro `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` to 1 to enable validation

+of contents of the margins.

+

+\code

+#define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN 16

+#define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION 1

+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

+\endcode

+

+When this feature is enabled, number of bytes specified as `VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN`

+(it must be multiply of 4) before and after every allocation is filled with a magic number.

+This idea is also know as "canary".

+Memory is automatically mapped and unmapped if necessary.

+

+This number is validated automatically when the allocation is destroyed.

+If it's not equal to the expected value, `VMA_ASSERT()` is executed.

+It clearly means that either CPU or GPU overwritten the memory outside of boundaries of the allocation,

+which indicates a serious bug.

+

+You can also explicitly request checking margins of all allocations in all memory blocks

+that belong to specified memory types by using function vmaCheckCorruption(),

+or in memory blocks that belong to specified custom pool, by using function 

+vmaCheckPoolCorruption().

+

+Margin validation (corruption detection) works only for memory types that are

+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`.

+

+

+\page record_and_replay Record and replay

+

+\section record_and_replay_introduction Introduction

+

+While using the library, sequence of calls to its functions together with their

+parameters can be recorded to a file and later replayed using standalone player

+application. It can be useful to:

+

+- Test correctness - check if same sequence of calls will not cause crash or

+  failures on a target platform.

+- Gather statistics - see number of allocations, peak memory usage, number of

+  calls etc.

+- Benchmark performance - see how much time it takes to replay the whole

+  sequence.

+

+\section record_and_replay_usage Usage

+

+Recording functionality is disabled by default.

+To enable it, define following macro before every include of this library:

+

+\code

+#define VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED 1

+\endcode

+

+<b>To record sequence of calls to a file:</b> Fill in

+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pRecordSettings member while creating #VmaAllocator

+object. File is opened and written during whole lifetime of the allocator.

+

+<b>To replay file:</b> Use VmaReplay - standalone command-line program.

+Precompiled binary can be found in "bin" directory.

+Its source can be found in "src/VmaReplay" directory.

+Its project is generated by Premake.

+Command line syntax is printed when the program is launched without parameters.

+Basic usage:

+

+    VmaReplay.exe MyRecording.csv

+

+<b>Documentation of file format</b> can be found in file: "docs/Recording file format.md".

+It's a human-readable, text file in CSV format (Comma Separated Values).

+

+\section record_and_replay_additional_considerations Additional considerations

+

+- Replaying file that was recorded on a different GPU (with different parameters

+  like `bufferImageGranularity`, `nonCoherentAtomSize`, and especially different

+  set of memory heaps and types) may give different performance and memory usage

+  results, as well as issue some warnings and errors.

+- Current implementation of recording in VMA, as well as VmaReplay application, is

+  coded and tested only on Windows. Inclusion of recording code is driven by

+  `VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED` macro. Support for other platforms should be easy to

+  add. Contributions are welcomed.

+

+

+\page usage_patterns Recommended usage patterns

+

+See also slides from talk:

+[Sawicki, Adam. Advanced Graphics Techniques Tutorial: Memory management in Vulkan and DX12. Game Developers Conference, 2018](https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1025458/Advanced-Graphics-Techniques-Tutorial-New)

+

+

+\section usage_patterns_common_mistakes Common mistakes

+

+<b>Use of CPU_TO_GPU instead of CPU_ONLY memory</b>

+

+#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU is recommended only for resources that will be

+mapped and written by the CPU, as well as read directly by the GPU - like some

+buffers or textures updated every frame (dynamic). If you create a staging copy

+of a resource to be written by CPU and then used as a source of transfer to

+another resource placed in the GPU memory, that staging resource should be

+created with #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY. Please read the descriptions of these

+enums carefully for details.

+

+<b>Unnecessary use of custom pools</b>

+

+\ref custom_memory_pools may be useful for special purposes - when you want to

+keep certain type of resources separate e.g. to reserve minimum amount of memory

+for them, limit maximum amount of memory they can occupy, or make some of them

+push out the other through the mechanism of \ref lost_allocations. For most

+resources this is not needed and so it is not recommended to create #VmaPool

+objects and allocations out of them. Allocating from the default pool is sufficient.

+

+\section usage_patterns_simple Simple patterns

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_simple_render_targets Render targets

+

+<b>When:</b>

+Any resources that you frequently write and read on GPU,

+e.g. images used as color attachments (aka "render targets"), depth-stencil attachments,

+images/buffers used as storage image/buffer (aka "Unordered Access View (UAV)").

+

+<b>What to do:</b>

+Create them in video memory that is fastest to access from GPU using

+#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY.

+

+Consider using [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation](@ref vk_khr_dedicated_allocation) extension

+and/or manually creating them as dedicated allocations using #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT,

+especially if they are large or if you plan to destroy and recreate them e.g. when

+display resolution changes.

+Prefer to create such resources first and all other GPU resources (like textures and vertex buffers) later.

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_simple_immutable_resources Immutable resources

+

+<b>When:</b>

+Any resources that you fill on CPU only once (aka "immutable") or infrequently

+and then read frequently on GPU,

+e.g. textures, vertex and index buffers, constant buffers that don't change often.

+

+<b>What to do:</b>

+Create them in video memory that is fastest to access from GPU using

+#VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY.

+

+To initialize content of such resource, create a CPU-side (aka "staging") copy of it

+in system memory - #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY, map it, fill it,

+and submit a transfer from it to the GPU resource.

+You can keep the staging copy if you need it for another upload transfer in the future.

+If you don't, you can destroy it or reuse this buffer for uploading different resource

+after the transfer finishes.

+

+Prefer to create just buffers in system memory rather than images, even for uploading textures.

+Use `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage()`.

+Dont use images with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`.

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_dynamic_resources Dynamic resources

+

+<b>When:</b>

+Any resources that change frequently (aka "dynamic"), e.g. every frame or every draw call,

+written on CPU, read on GPU.

+

+<b>What to do:</b>

+Create them using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU.

+You can map it and write to it directly on CPU, as well as read from it on GPU.

+

+This is a more complex situation. Different solutions are possible,

+and the best one depends on specific GPU type, but you can use this simple approach for the start.

+Prefer to write to such resource sequentially (e.g. using `memcpy`).

+Don't perform random access or any reads from it on CPU, as it may be very slow.

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_readback Readback

+

+<b>When:</b>

+Resources that contain data written by GPU that you want to read back on CPU,

+e.g. results of some computations.

+

+<b>What to do:</b>

+Create them using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU.

+You can write to them directly on GPU, as well as map and read them on CPU.

+

+\section usage_patterns_advanced Advanced patterns

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_integrated_graphics Detecting integrated graphics

+

+You can support integrated graphics (like Intel HD Graphics, AMD APU) better

+by detecting it in Vulkan.

+To do it, call `vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties()`, inspect

+`VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceType` and look for `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU`.

+When you find it, you can assume that memory is unified and all memory types are comparably fast

+to access from GPU, regardless of `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`.

+

+You can then sum up sizes of all available memory heaps and treat them as useful for

+your GPU resources, instead of only `DEVICE_LOCAL` ones.

+You can also prefer to create your resources in memory types that are `HOST_VISIBLE` to map them

+directly instead of submitting explicit transfer (see below).

+

+\subsection usage_patterns_direct_vs_transfer Direct access versus transfer

+

+For resources that you frequently write on CPU and read on GPU, many solutions are possible:

+

+-# Create one copy in video memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY,

+   second copy in system memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY and submit explicit tranfer each time.

+-# Create just single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU, map it and fill it on CPU,

+   read it directly on GPU.

+-# Create just single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY, map it and fill it on CPU,

+   read it directly on GPU.

+

+Which solution is the most efficient depends on your resource and especially on the GPU.

+It is best to measure it and then make the decision.

+Some general recommendations:

+

+- On integrated graphics use (2) or (3) to avoid unnecesary time and memory overhead

+  related to using a second copy and making transfer.

+- For small resources (e.g. constant buffers) use (2).

+  Discrete AMD cards have special 256 MiB pool of video memory that is directly mappable.

+  Even if the resource ends up in system memory, its data may be cached on GPU after first

+  fetch over PCIe bus.

+- For larger resources (e.g. textures), decide between (1) and (2).

+  You may want to differentiate NVIDIA and AMD, e.g. by looking for memory type that is

+  both `DEVICE_LOCAL` and `HOST_VISIBLE`. When you find it, use (2), otherwise use (1).

+

+Similarly, for resources that you frequently write on GPU and read on CPU, multiple

+solutions are possible:

+

+-# Create one copy in video memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY,

+   second copy in system memory using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU and submit explicit tranfer each time.

+-# Create just single copy using #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU, write to it directly on GPU,

+   map it and read it on CPU.

+

+You should take some measurements to decide which option is faster in case of your specific

+resource.

+

+If you don't want to specialize your code for specific types of GPUs, you can still make

+an simple optimization for cases when your resource ends up in mappable memory to use it

+directly in this case instead of creating CPU-side staging copy.

+For details see [Finding out if memory is mappable](@ref memory_mapping_finding_if_memory_mappable).

+

+

+\page configuration Configuration

+

+Please check "CONFIGURATION SECTION" in the code to find macros that you can define

+before each include of this file or change directly in this file to provide

+your own implementation of basic facilities like assert, `min()` and `max()` functions,

+mutex, atomic etc.

+The library uses its own implementation of containers by default, but you can switch to using

+STL containers instead.

+

+For example, define `VMA_ASSERT(expr)` before including the library to provide

+custom implementation of the assertion, compatible with your project.

+By default it is defined to standard C `assert(expr)` in `_DEBUG` configuration

+and empty otherwise.

+

+\section config_Vulkan_functions Pointers to Vulkan functions

+

+The library uses Vulkan functions straight from the `vulkan.h` header by default.

+If you want to provide your own pointers to these functions, e.g. fetched using

+`vkGetInstanceProcAddr()` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr()`:

+

+-# Define `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0`.

+-# Provide valid pointers through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.

+

+\section custom_memory_allocator Custom host memory allocator

+

+If you use custom allocator for CPU memory rather than default operator `new`

+and `delete` from C++, you can make this library using your allocator as well

+by filling optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pAllocationCallbacks. These

+functions will be passed to Vulkan, as well as used by the library itself to

+make any CPU-side allocations.

+

+\section allocation_callbacks Device memory allocation callbacks

+

+The library makes calls to `vkAllocateMemory()` and `vkFreeMemory()` internally.

+You can setup callbacks to be informed about these calls, e.g. for the purpose

+of gathering some statistics. To do it, fill optional member

+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.

+

+\section heap_memory_limit Device heap memory limit

+

+When device memory of certain heap runs out of free space, new allocations may

+fail (returning error code) or they may succeed, silently pushing some existing

+memory blocks from GPU VRAM to system RAM (which degrades performance). This

+behavior is implementation-dependant - it depends on GPU vendor and graphics

+driver.

+

+On AMD cards it can be controlled while creating Vulkan device object by using

+VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension, if available.

+

+Alternatively, if you want to test how your program behaves with limited amount of Vulkan device

+memory available without switching your graphics card to one that really has

+smaller VRAM, you can use a feature of this library intended for this purpose.

+To do it, fill optional member VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pHeapSizeLimit.

+

+

+

+\page vk_khr_dedicated_allocation VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation

+

+VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation is a Vulkan extension which can be used to improve

+performance on some GPUs. It augments Vulkan API with possibility to query

+driver whether it prefers particular buffer or image to have its own, dedicated

+allocation (separate `VkDeviceMemory` block) for better efficiency - to be able

+to do some internal optimizations.

+

+The extension is supported by this library. It will be used automatically when

+enabled. To enable it:

+

+1 . When creating Vulkan device, check if following 2 device extensions are

+supported (call `vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties()`).

+If yes, enable them (fill `VkDeviceCreateInfo::ppEnabledExtensionNames`).

+

+- VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2

+- VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation

+

+If you enabled these extensions:

+

+2 . Use #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag when creating

+your #VmaAllocator`to inform the library that you enabled required extensions

+and you want the library to use them.

+

+\code

+allocatorInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT;

+

+vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &allocator);

+\endcode

+

+That's all. The extension will be automatically used whenever you create a

+buffer using vmaCreateBuffer() or image using vmaCreateImage().

+

+When using the extension together with Vulkan Validation Layer, you will receive

+warnings like this:

+

+    vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x33 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.

+

+It is OK, you should just ignore it. It happens because you use function

+`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR()` instead of standard

+`vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements()`, while the validation layer seems to be

+unaware of it.

+

+To learn more about this extension, see:

+

+- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation in Vulkan specification](https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.0-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation)

+- [VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation unofficial manual](http://asawicki.info/articles/VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation.php5)

+

+

+

+\page general_considerations General considerations

+

+\section general_considerations_thread_safety Thread safety

+

+- The library has no global state, so separate #VmaAllocator objects can be used

+  independently.

+  There should be no need to create multiple such objects though - one per `VkDevice` is enough.

+- By default, all calls to functions that take #VmaAllocator as first parameter

+  are safe to call from multiple threads simultaneously because they are

+  synchronized internally when needed.

+- When the allocator is created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT

+  flag, calls to functions that take such #VmaAllocator object must be

+  synchronized externally.

+- Access to a #VmaAllocation object must be externally synchronized. For example,

+  you must not call vmaGetAllocationInfo() and vmaMapMemory() from different

+  threads at the same time if you pass the same #VmaAllocation object to these

+  functions.

+

+\section general_considerations_validation_layer_warnings Validation layer warnings

+

+When using this library, you can meet following types of warnings issued by

+Vulkan validation layer. They don't necessarily indicate a bug, so you may need

+to just ignore them.

+

+- *vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0xeb8e4 but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.*

+  - It happens when VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is enabled.

+    `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR` function is used instead, while validation layer seems to be unaware of it.

+- *Mapping an image with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL can result in undefined behavior if this memory is used by the device. Only GENERAL or PREINITIALIZED should be used.*

+  - It happens when you map a buffer or image, because the library maps entire

+    `VkDeviceMemory` block, where different types of images and buffers may end

+    up together, especially on GPUs with unified memory like Intel.

+- *Non-linear image 0xebc91 is aliased with linear buffer 0xeb8e4 which may indicate a bug.*

+  - It happens when you use lost allocations, and a new image or buffer is

+    created in place of an existing object that bacame lost.

+  - It may happen also when you use [defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).

+

+\section general_considerations_allocation_algorithm Allocation algorithm

+

+The library uses following algorithm for allocation, in order:

+

+-# Try to find free range of memory in existing blocks.

+-# If failed, try to create a new block of `VkDeviceMemory`, with preferred block size.

+-# If failed, try to create such block with size/2, size/4, size/8.

+-# If failed and #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT flag was

+   specified, try to find space in existing blocks, possilby making some other

+   allocations lost.

+-# If failed, try to allocate separate `VkDeviceMemory` for this allocation,

+   just like when you use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.

+-# If failed, choose other memory type that meets the requirements specified in

+   VmaAllocationCreateInfo and go to point 1.

+-# If failed, return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.

+

+\section general_considerations_features_not_supported Features not supported

+

+Features deliberately excluded from the scope of this library:

+

+- Data transfer. Uploading (straming) and downloading data of buffers and images

+  between CPU and GPU memory and related synchronization is responsibility of the user.

+  Defining some "texture" object that would automatically stream its data from a

+  staging copy in CPU memory to GPU memory would rather be a feature of another,

+  higher-level library implemented on top of VMA.

+- Allocations for imported/exported external memory. They tend to require

+  explicit memory type index and dedicated allocation anyway, so they don't

+  interact with main features of this library. Such special purpose allocations

+  should be made manually, using `vkCreateBuffer()` and `vkAllocateMemory()`.

+- Recreation of buffers and images. Although the library has functions for

+  buffer and image creation (vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage()), you need to

+  recreate these objects yourself after defragmentation. That's because the big

+  structures `VkBufferCreateInfo`, `VkImageCreateInfo` are not stored in

+  #VmaAllocation object.

+- Handling CPU memory allocation failures. When dynamically creating small C++

+  objects in CPU memory (not Vulkan memory), allocation failures are not checked

+  and handled gracefully, because that would complicate code significantly and

+  is usually not needed in desktop PC applications anyway.

+- Code free of any compiler warnings. Maintaining the library to compile and

+  work correctly on so many different platforms is hard enough. Being free of 

+  any warnings, on any version of any compiler, is simply not feasible.

+- This is a C++ library with C interface.

+  Bindings or ports to any other programming languages are welcomed as external projects and

+  are not going to be included into this repository.

+

+*/

+

+/*

+Define this macro to 0/1 to disable/enable support for recording functionality,

+available through VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pRecordSettings.

+*/

+#ifndef VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    #define VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED 0

+#endif

+

+#ifndef NOMINMAX

+    #define NOMINMAX // For windows.h

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VULKAN_H_

+    #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>

+#endif

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    #include <windows.h>

+#endif

+

+#if !defined(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)

+    #if VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 && VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation

+        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 1

+    #else

+        #define VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION 0

+    #endif

+#endif

+

+#if !defined(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)

+    #if VK_KHR_bind_memory2

+        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 1

+    #else

+        #define VMA_BIND_MEMORY2 0

+    #endif

+#endif

+

+/** \struct VmaAllocator

+\brief Represents main object of this library initialized.

+

+Fill structure #VmaAllocatorCreateInfo and call function vmaCreateAllocator() to create it.

+Call function vmaDestroyAllocator() to destroy it.

+

+It is recommended to create just one object of this type per `VkDevice` object,

+right after Vulkan is initialized and keep it alive until before Vulkan device is destroyed.

+*/

+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)

+

+/// Callback function called after successful vkAllocateMemory.

+typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction)(

+    VmaAllocator      allocator,

+    uint32_t          memoryType,

+    VkDeviceMemory    memory,

+    VkDeviceSize      size);

+/// Callback function called before vkFreeMemory.

+typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction)(

+    VmaAllocator      allocator,

+    uint32_t          memoryType,

+    VkDeviceMemory    memory,

+    VkDeviceSize      size);

+

+/** \brief Set of callbacks that the library will call for `vkAllocateMemory` and `vkFreeMemory`.

+

+Provided for informative purpose, e.g. to gather statistics about number of

+allocations or total amount of memory allocated in Vulkan.

+

+Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pDeviceMemoryCallbacks.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks {

+    /// Optional, can be null.

+    PFN_vmaAllocateDeviceMemoryFunction pfnAllocate;

+    /// Optional, can be null.

+    PFN_vmaFreeDeviceMemoryFunction pfnFree;

+} VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks;

+

+/// Flags for created #VmaAllocator.

+typedef enum VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits {

+    /** \brief Allocator and all objects created from it will not be synchronized internally, so you must guarantee they are used from only one thread at a time or synchronized externally by you.

+

+    Using this flag may increase performance because internal mutexes are not used.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT = 0x00000001,

+    /** \brief Enables usage of VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension.

+

+    Using this extenion will automatically allocate dedicated blocks of memory for

+    some buffers and images instead of suballocating place for them out of bigger

+    memory blocks (as if you explicitly used #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT

+    flag) when it is recommended by the driver. It may improve performance on some

+    GPUs.

+

+    You may set this flag only if you found out that following device extensions are

+    supported, you enabled them while creating Vulkan device passed as

+    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device, and you want them to be used internally by this

+    library:

+

+    - VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2

+    - VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation

+

+    When this flag is set, you can experience following warnings reported by Vulkan

+    validation layer. You can ignore them.

+

+    > vkBindBufferMemory(): Binding memory to buffer 0x2d but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT = 0x00000002,

+    /**

+    Enables usage of VK_KHR_bind_memory2 extension.

+

+    You may set this flag only if you found out that this device extension is supported,

+    you enabled it while creating Vulkan device passed as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::device,

+    and you want it to be used internally by this library.

+

+    The extension provides functions `vkBindBufferMemory2KHR` and `vkBindImageMemory2KHR`,

+    which allow to pass a chain of `pNext` structures while binding.

+    This flag is required if you use `pNext` parameter in vmaBindBufferMemory2() or vmaBindImageMemory2().

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT = 0x00000004,

+

+    VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits;

+typedef VkFlags VmaAllocatorCreateFlags;

+

+/** \brief Pointers to some Vulkan functions - a subset used by the library.

+

+Used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaVulkanFunctions {

+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;

+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;

+    PFN_vkAllocateMemory vkAllocateMemory;

+    PFN_vkFreeMemory vkFreeMemory;

+    PFN_vkMapMemory vkMapMemory;

+    PFN_vkUnmapMemory vkUnmapMemory;

+    PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;

+    PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;

+    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory vkBindBufferMemory;

+    PFN_vkBindImageMemory vkBindImageMemory;

+    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;

+    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;

+    PFN_vkCreateBuffer vkCreateBuffer;

+    PFN_vkDestroyBuffer vkDestroyBuffer;

+    PFN_vkCreateImage vkCreateImage;

+    PFN_vkDestroyImage vkDestroyImage;

+    PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer vkCmdCopyBuffer;

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR;

+    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR;

+#endif

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR vkBindBufferMemory2KHR;

+    PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR vkBindImageMemory2KHR;

+#endif

+} VmaVulkanFunctions;

+

+/// Flags to be used in VmaRecordSettings::flags.

+typedef enum VmaRecordFlagBits {

+    /** \brief Enables flush after recording every function call.

+

+    Enable it if you expect your application to crash, which may leave recording file truncated.

+    It may degrade performance though.

+    */

+    VMA_RECORD_FLUSH_AFTER_CALL_BIT = 0x00000001,

+    

+    VMA_RECORD_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaRecordFlagBits;

+typedef VkFlags VmaRecordFlags;

+

+/// Parameters for recording calls to VMA functions. To be used in VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pRecordSettings.

+typedef struct VmaRecordSettings

+{

+    /// Flags for recording. Use #VmaRecordFlagBits enum.

+    VmaRecordFlags flags;

+    /** \brief Path to the file that should be written by the recording.

+

+    Suggested extension: "csv".

+    If the file already exists, it will be overwritten.

+    It will be opened for the whole time #VmaAllocator object is alive.

+    If opening this file fails, creation of the whole allocator object fails.

+    */

+    const char* pFilePath;

+} VmaRecordSettings;

+

+/// Description of a Allocator to be created.

+typedef struct VmaAllocatorCreateInfo

+{

+    /// Flags for created allocator. Use #VmaAllocatorCreateFlagBits enum.

+    VmaAllocatorCreateFlags flags;

+    /// Vulkan physical device.

+    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */

+    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;

+    /// Vulkan device.

+    /** It must be valid throughout whole lifetime of created allocator. */

+    VkDevice device;

+    /// Preferred size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated from large heaps > 1 GiB. Optional.

+    /** Set to 0 to use default, which is currently 256 MiB. */

+    VkDeviceSize preferredLargeHeapBlockSize;

+    /// Custom CPU memory allocation callbacks. Optional.

+    /** Optional, can be null. When specified, will also be used for all CPU-side memory allocations. */

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks;

+    /// Informative callbacks for `vkAllocateMemory`, `vkFreeMemory`. Optional.

+    /** Optional, can be null. */

+    const VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks* pDeviceMemoryCallbacks;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of additional frames that are in use at the same time as current frame.

+

+    This value is used only when you make allocations with

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag. Such allocation cannot become

+    lost if allocation.lastUseFrameIndex >= allocator.currentFrameIndex - frameInUseCount.

+

+    For example, if you double-buffer your command buffers, so resources used for

+    rendering in previous frame may still be in use by the GPU at the moment you

+    allocate resources needed for the current frame, set this value to 1.

+

+    If you want to allow any allocations other than used in the current frame to

+    become lost, set this value to 0.

+    */

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount;

+    /** \brief Either null or a pointer to an array of limits on maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory heap.

+

+    If not NULL, it must be a pointer to an array of

+    `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeapCount` elements, defining limit on

+    maximum number of bytes that can be allocated out of particular Vulkan memory

+    heap.

+

+    Any of the elements may be equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, which means no limit on that

+    heap. This is also the default in case of `pHeapSizeLimit` = NULL.

+

+    If there is a limit defined for a heap:

+

+    - If user tries to allocate more memory from that heap using this allocator,

+      the allocation fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`.

+    - If the limit is smaller than heap size reported in `VkMemoryHeap::size`, the

+      value of this limit will be reported instead when using vmaGetMemoryProperties().

+

+    Warning! Using this feature may not be equivalent to installing a GPU with

+    smaller amount of memory, because graphics driver doesn't necessary fail new

+    allocations with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` result when memory capacity is

+    exceeded. It may return success and just silently migrate some device memory

+    blocks to system RAM. This driver behavior can also be controlled using

+    VK_AMD_memory_overallocation_behavior extension.

+    */

+    const VkDeviceSize* pHeapSizeLimit;

+    /** \brief Pointers to Vulkan functions. Can be null if you leave define `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1`.

+

+    If you leave define `VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1` in configuration section,

+    you can pass null as this member, because the library will fetch pointers to

+    Vulkan functions internally in a static way, like:

+

+        vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = &vkAllocateMemory;

+

+    Fill this member if you want to provide your own pointers to Vulkan functions,

+    e.g. fetched using `vkGetInstanceProcAddr()` and `vkGetDeviceProcAddr()`.

+    */

+    const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions;

+    /** \brief Parameters for recording of VMA calls. Can be null.

+

+    If not null, it enables recording of calls to VMA functions to a file.

+    If support for recording is not enabled using `VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED` macro,

+    creation of the allocator object fails with `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.

+    */

+    const VmaRecordSettings* pRecordSettings;

+} VmaAllocatorCreateInfo;

+

+/// Creates Allocator object.

+VkResult vmaCreateAllocator(

+    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocator* pAllocator);

+

+/// Destroys allocator object.

+void vmaDestroyAllocator(

+    VmaAllocator allocator);

+

+/**

+PhysicalDeviceProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.

+You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.

+*/

+void vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties** ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);

+

+/**

+PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties are fetched from physicalDevice by the allocator.

+You can access it here, without fetching it again on your own.

+*/

+void vmaGetMemoryProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties** ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);

+

+/**

+\brief Given Memory Type Index, returns Property Flags of this memory type.

+

+This is just a convenience function. Same information can be obtained using

+vmaGetMemoryProperties().

+*/

+void vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,

+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* pFlags);

+

+/** \brief Sets index of the current frame.

+

+This function must be used if you make allocations with

+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT and

+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT flags to inform the allocator

+when a new frame begins. Allocations queried using vmaGetAllocationInfo() cannot

+become lost in the current frame.

+*/

+void vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t frameIndex);

+

+/** \brief Calculated statistics of memory usage in entire allocator.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaStatInfo

+{

+    /// Number of `VkDeviceMemory` Vulkan memory blocks allocated.

+    uint32_t blockCount;

+    /// Number of #VmaAllocation allocation objects allocated.

+    uint32_t allocationCount;

+    /// Number of free ranges of memory between allocations.

+    uint32_t unusedRangeCount;

+    /// Total number of bytes occupied by all allocations.

+    VkDeviceSize usedBytes;

+    /// Total number of bytes occupied by unused ranges.

+    VkDeviceSize unusedBytes;

+    VkDeviceSize allocationSizeMin, allocationSizeAvg, allocationSizeMax;

+    VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSizeAvg, unusedRangeSizeMax;

+} VmaStatInfo;

+

+/// General statistics from current state of Allocator.

+typedef struct VmaStats

+{

+    VmaStatInfo memoryType[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];

+    VmaStatInfo memoryHeap[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];

+    VmaStatInfo total;

+} VmaStats;

+

+/// Retrieves statistics from current state of the Allocator.

+void vmaCalculateStats(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaStats* pStats);

+

+#ifndef VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+#define VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED 1

+#endif

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+/// Builds and returns statistics as string in JSON format.

+/** @param[out] ppStatsString Must be freed using vmaFreeStatsString() function.

+*/

+void vmaBuildStatsString(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    char** ppStatsString,

+    VkBool32 detailedMap);

+

+void vmaFreeStatsString(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    char* pStatsString);

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+/** \struct VmaPool

+\brief Represents custom memory pool

+

+Fill structure VmaPoolCreateInfo and call function vmaCreatePool() to create it.

+Call function vmaDestroyPool() to destroy it.

+

+For more information see [Custom memory pools](@ref choosing_memory_type_custom_memory_pools).

+*/

+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaPool)

+

+typedef enum VmaMemoryUsage

+{

+    /** No intended memory usage specified.

+    Use other members of VmaAllocationCreateInfo to specify your requirements.

+    */

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN = 0,

+    /** Memory will be used on device only, so fast access from the device is preferred.

+    It usually means device-local GPU (video) memory.

+    No need to be mappable on host.

+    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT`.

+

+    Usage:

+    

+    - Resources written and read by device, e.g. images used as attachments.

+    - Resources transferred from host once (immutable) or infrequently and read by

+      device multiple times, e.g. textures to be sampled, vertex buffers, uniform

+      (constant) buffers, and majority of other types of resources used on GPU.

+

+    Allocation may still end up in `HOST_VISIBLE` memory on some implementations.

+    In such case, you are free to map it.

+    You can use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT with this usage type.

+    */

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY = 1,

+    /** Memory will be mappable on host.

+    It usually means CPU (system) memory.

+    Guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`.

+    CPU access is typically uncached. Writes may be write-combined.

+    Resources created in this pool may still be accessible to the device, but access to them can be slow.

+    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD`.

+

+    Usage: Staging copy of resources used as transfer source.

+    */

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY = 2,

+    /**

+    Memory that is both mappable on host (guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and preferably fast to access by GPU.

+    CPU access is typically uncached. Writes may be write-combined.

+

+    Usage: Resources written frequently by host (dynamic), read by device. E.g. textures, vertex buffers, uniform buffers updated every frame or every draw call.

+    */

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU = 3,

+    /** Memory mappable on host (guarantees to be `HOST_VISIBLE`) and cached.

+    It is roughly equivalent of `D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK`.

+

+    Usage:

+

+    - Resources written by device, read by host - results of some computations, e.g. screen capture, average scene luminance for HDR tone mapping.

+    - Any resources read or accessed randomly on host, e.g. CPU-side copy of vertex buffer used as source of transfer, but also used for collision detection.

+    */

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU = 4,

+    VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaMemoryUsage;

+

+/// Flags to be passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::flags.

+typedef enum VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits {

+    /** \brief Set this flag if the allocation should have its own memory block.

+    

+    Use it for special, big resources, like fullscreen images used as attachments.

+   

+    You should not use this flag if VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool is not null.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT = 0x00000001,

+

+    /** \brief Set this flag to only try to allocate from existing `VkDeviceMemory` blocks and never create new such block.

+    

+    If new allocation cannot be placed in any of the existing blocks, allocation

+    fails with `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` error.

+    

+    You should not use #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT and

+    #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT at the same time. It makes no sense.

+    

+    If VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool is not null, this flag is implied and ignored. */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT = 0x00000002,

+    /** \brief Set this flag to use a memory that will be persistently mapped and retrieve pointer to it.

+    

+    Pointer to mapped memory will be returned through VmaAllocationInfo::pMappedData.

+

+    Is it valid to use this flag for allocation made from memory type that is not

+    `HOST_VISIBLE`. This flag is then ignored and memory is not mapped. This is

+    useful if you need an allocation that is efficient to use on GPU

+    (`DEVICE_LOCAL`) and still want to map it directly if possible on platforms that

+    support it (e.g. Intel GPU).

+

+    You should not use this flag together with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT = 0x00000004,

+    /** Allocation created with this flag can become lost as a result of another

+    allocation with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT flag, so you

+    must check it before use.

+

+    To check if allocation is not lost, call vmaGetAllocationInfo() and check if

+    VmaAllocationInfo::deviceMemory is not `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.

+

+    For details about supporting lost allocations, see Lost Allocations

+    chapter of User Guide on Main Page.

+

+    You should not use this flag together with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT = 0x00000008,

+    /** While creating allocation using this flag, other allocations that were

+    created with flag #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT can become lost.

+

+    For details about supporting lost allocations, see Lost Allocations

+    chapter of User Guide on Main Page.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT = 0x00000010,

+    /** Set this flag to treat VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData as pointer to a

+    null-terminated string. Instead of copying pointer value, a local copy of the

+    string is made and stored in allocation's `pUserData`. The string is automatically

+    freed together with the allocation. It is also used in vmaBuildStatsString().

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT = 0x00000020,

+    /** Allocation will be created from upper stack in a double stack pool.

+

+    This flag is only allowed for custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT flag.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000040,

+    /** Create both buffer/image and allocation, but don't bind them together.

+    It is useful when you want to bind yourself to do some more advanced binding, e.g. using some extensions.

+    The flag is meaningful only with functions that bind by default: vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage().

+    Otherwise it is ignored.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT = 0x00000080,

+

+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses smallest possible free range for the

+    allocation.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT  = 0x00010000,

+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses biggest possible free range for the

+    allocation.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_WORST_FIT_BIT = 0x00020000,

+    /** Allocation strategy that chooses first suitable free range for the

+    allocation.

+

+    "First" doesn't necessarily means the one with smallest offset in memory,

+    but rather the one that is easiest and fastest to find.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT = 0x00040000,

+

+    /** Allocation strategy that tries to minimize memory usage.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT,

+    /** Allocation strategy that tries to minimize allocation time.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT,

+    /** Allocation strategy that tries to minimize memory fragmentation.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_FRAGMENTATION_BIT = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_WORST_FIT_BIT,

+

+    /** A bit mask to extract only `STRATEGY` bits from entire set of flags.

+    */

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK =

+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT |

+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_WORST_FIT_BIT |

+        VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT,

+

+    VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits;

+typedef VkFlags VmaAllocationCreateFlags;

+

+typedef struct VmaAllocationCreateInfo

+{

+    /// Use #VmaAllocationCreateFlagBits enum.

+    VmaAllocationCreateFlags flags;

+    /** \brief Intended usage of memory.

+    

+    You can leave #VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n

+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.

+    */

+    VmaMemoryUsage usage;

+    /** \brief Flags that must be set in a Memory Type chosen for an allocation.

+    

+    Leave 0 if you specify memory requirements in other way. \n

+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.*/

+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags;

+    /** \brief Flags that preferably should be set in a memory type chosen for an allocation.

+    

+    Set to 0 if no additional flags are prefered. \n

+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored. */

+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags preferredFlags;

+    /** \brief Bitmask containing one bit set for every memory type acceptable for this allocation.

+

+    Value 0 is equivalent to `UINT32_MAX` - it means any memory type is accepted if

+    it meets other requirements specified by this structure, with no further

+    restrictions on memory type index. \n

+    If `pool` is not null, this member is ignored.

+    */

+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits;

+    /** \brief Pool that this allocation should be created in.

+

+    Leave `VK_NULL_HANDLE` to allocate from default pool. If not null, members:

+    `usage`, `requiredFlags`, `preferredFlags`, `memoryTypeBits` are ignored.

+    */

+    VmaPool pool;

+    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that will be stored in #VmaAllocation, can be read as VmaAllocationInfo::pUserData and changed using vmaSetAllocationUserData().

+    

+    If #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT is used, it must be either

+    null or pointer to a null-terminated string. The string will be then copied to

+    internal buffer, so it doesn't need to be valid after allocation call.

+    */

+    void* pUserData;

+} VmaAllocationCreateInfo;

+

+/**

+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given memoryTypeBits and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.

+

+This algorithm tries to find a memory type that:

+

+- Is allowed by memoryTypeBits.

+- Contains all the flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags.

+- Matches intended usage.

+- Has as many flags from pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags as possible.

+

+\return Returns VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT if not found. Receiving such result

+from this function or any other allocating function probably means that your

+device doesn't support any memory type with requested features for the specific

+type of resource you want to use it for. Please check parameters of your

+resource, like image layout (OPTIMAL versus LINEAR) or mip level count.

+*/

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex);

+

+/**

+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkBufferCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.

+

+It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.

+It internally creates a temporary, dummy buffer that never has memory bound.

+It is just a convenience function, equivalent to calling:

+

+- `vkCreateBuffer`

+- `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements`

+- `vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex`

+- `vkDestroyBuffer`

+*/

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex);

+

+/**

+\brief Helps to find memoryTypeIndex, given VkImageCreateInfo and VmaAllocationCreateInfo.

+

+It can be useful e.g. to determine value to be used as VmaPoolCreateInfo::memoryTypeIndex.

+It internally creates a temporary, dummy image that never has memory bound.

+It is just a convenience function, equivalent to calling:

+

+- `vkCreateImage`

+- `vkGetImageMemoryRequirements`

+- `vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex`

+- `vkDestroyImage`

+*/

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex);

+

+/// Flags to be passed as VmaPoolCreateInfo::flags.

+typedef enum VmaPoolCreateFlagBits {

+    /** \brief Use this flag if you always allocate only buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool and so Buffer-Image Granularity can be ignored.

+

+    This is an optional optimization flag.

+

+    If you always allocate using vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(),

+    vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), then you don't need to use it because allocator

+    knows exact type of your allocations so it can handle Buffer-Image Granularity

+    in the optimal way.

+

+    If you also allocate using vmaAllocateMemoryForImage() or vmaAllocateMemory(),

+    exact type of such allocations is not known, so allocator must be conservative

+    in handling Buffer-Image Granularity, which can lead to suboptimal allocation

+    (wasted memory). In that case, if you can make sure you always allocate only

+    buffers and linear images or only optimal images out of this pool, use this flag

+    to make allocator disregard Buffer-Image Granularity and so make allocations

+    faster and more optimal.

+    */

+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT = 0x00000002,

+

+    /** \brief Enables alternative, linear allocation algorithm in this pool.

+

+    Specify this flag to enable linear allocation algorithm, which always creates

+    new allocations after last one and doesn't reuse space from allocations freed in

+    between. It trades memory consumption for simplified algorithm and data

+    structure, which has better performance and uses less memory for metadata.

+

+    By using this flag, you can achieve behavior of free-at-once, stack,

+    ring buffer, and double stack. For details, see documentation chapter

+    \ref linear_algorithm.

+

+    When using this flag, you must specify VmaPoolCreateInfo::maxBlockCount == 1 (or 0 for default).

+

+    For more details, see [Linear allocation algorithm](@ref linear_algorithm).

+    */

+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000004,

+

+    /** \brief Enables alternative, buddy allocation algorithm in this pool.

+

+    It operates on a tree of blocks, each having size that is a power of two and

+    a half of its parent's size. Comparing to default algorithm, this one provides

+    faster allocation and deallocation and decreased external fragmentation,

+    at the expense of more memory wasted (internal fragmentation).

+

+    For more details, see [Buddy allocation algorithm](@ref buddy_algorithm).

+    */

+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT = 0x00000008,

+

+    /** Bit mask to extract only `ALGORITHM` bits from entire set of flags.

+    */

+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK =

+        VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT |

+        VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT,

+

+    VMA_POOL_CREATE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaPoolCreateFlagBits;

+typedef VkFlags VmaPoolCreateFlags;

+

+/** \brief Describes parameter of created #VmaPool.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaPoolCreateInfo {

+    /** \brief Vulkan memory type index to allocate this pool from.

+    */

+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex;

+    /** \brief Use combination of #VmaPoolCreateFlagBits.

+    */

+    VmaPoolCreateFlags flags;

+    /** \brief Size of a single `VkDeviceMemory` block to be allocated as part of this pool, in bytes. Optional.

+

+    Specify nonzero to set explicit, constant size of memory blocks used by this

+    pool.

+

+    Leave 0 to use default and let the library manage block sizes automatically.

+    Sizes of particular blocks may vary.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize blockSize;

+    /** \brief Minimum number of blocks to be always allocated in this pool, even if they stay empty.

+

+    Set to 0 to have no preallocated blocks and allow the pool be completely empty.

+    */

+    size_t minBlockCount;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of blocks that can be allocated in this pool. Optional.

+

+    Set to 0 to use default, which is `SIZE_MAX`, which means no limit.

+    

+    Set to same value as VmaPoolCreateInfo::minBlockCount to have fixed amount of memory allocated

+    throughout whole lifetime of this pool.

+    */

+    size_t maxBlockCount;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of additional frames that are in use at the same time as current frame.

+

+    This value is used only when you make allocations with

+    #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag. Such allocation cannot become

+    lost if allocation.lastUseFrameIndex >= allocator.currentFrameIndex - frameInUseCount.

+

+    For example, if you double-buffer your command buffers, so resources used for

+    rendering in previous frame may still be in use by the GPU at the moment you

+    allocate resources needed for the current frame, set this value to 1.

+

+    If you want to allow any allocations other than used in the current frame to

+    become lost, set this value to 0.

+    */

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount;

+} VmaPoolCreateInfo;

+

+/** \brief Describes parameter of existing #VmaPool.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaPoolStats {

+    /** \brief Total amount of `VkDeviceMemory` allocated from Vulkan for this pool, in bytes.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize size;

+    /** \brief Total number of bytes in the pool not used by any #VmaAllocation.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize unusedSize;

+    /** \brief Number of #VmaAllocation objects created from this pool that were not destroyed or lost.

+    */

+    size_t allocationCount;

+    /** \brief Number of continuous memory ranges in the pool not used by any #VmaAllocation.

+    */

+    size_t unusedRangeCount;

+    /** \brief Size of the largest continuous free memory region available for new allocation.

+

+    Making a new allocation of that size is not guaranteed to succeed because of

+    possible additional margin required to respect alignment and buffer/image

+    granularity.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSizeMax;

+    /** \brief Number of `VkDeviceMemory` blocks allocated for this pool.

+    */

+    size_t blockCount;

+} VmaPoolStats;

+

+/** \brief Allocates Vulkan device memory and creates #VmaPool object.

+

+@param allocator Allocator object.

+@param pCreateInfo Parameters of pool to create.

+@param[out] pPool Handle to created pool.

+*/

+VkResult vmaCreatePool(

+	VmaAllocator allocator,

+	const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+	VmaPool* pPool);

+

+/** \brief Destroys #VmaPool object and frees Vulkan device memory.

+*/

+void vmaDestroyPool(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool);

+

+/** \brief Retrieves statistics of existing #VmaPool object.

+

+@param allocator Allocator object.

+@param pool Pool object.

+@param[out] pPoolStats Statistics of specified pool.

+*/

+void vmaGetPoolStats(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool,

+    VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats);

+

+/** \brief Marks all allocations in given pool as lost if they are not used in current frame or VmaPoolCreateInfo::frameInUseCount back from now.

+

+@param allocator Allocator object.

+@param pool Pool.

+@param[out] pLostAllocationCount Number of allocations marked as lost. Optional - pass null if you don't need this information.

+*/

+void vmaMakePoolAllocationsLost(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool,

+    size_t* pLostAllocationCount);

+

+/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory pool in search for corruptions.

+

+Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,

+`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and the pool is created in memory type that is

+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).

+

+Possible return values:

+

+- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for specified pool.

+- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.

+- `VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.

+  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.

+- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.

+*/

+VkResult vmaCheckPoolCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaPool pool);

+

+/** \struct VmaAllocation

+\brief Represents single memory allocation.

+

+It may be either dedicated block of `VkDeviceMemory` or a specific region of a bigger block of this type

+plus unique offset.

+

+There are multiple ways to create such object.

+You need to fill structure VmaAllocationCreateInfo.

+For more information see [Choosing memory type](@ref choosing_memory_type).

+

+Although the library provides convenience functions that create Vulkan buffer or image,

+allocate memory for it and bind them together,

+binding of the allocation to a buffer or an image is out of scope of the allocation itself.

+Allocation object can exist without buffer/image bound,

+binding can be done manually by the user, and destruction of it can be done

+independently of destruction of the allocation.

+

+The object also remembers its size and some other information.

+To retrieve this information, use function vmaGetAllocationInfo() and inspect

+returned structure VmaAllocationInfo.

+

+Some kinds allocations can be in lost state.

+For more information, see [Lost allocations](@ref lost_allocations).

+*/

+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocation)

+

+/** \brief Parameters of #VmaAllocation objects, that can be retrieved using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().

+*/

+typedef struct VmaAllocationInfo {

+    /** \brief Memory type index that this allocation was allocated from.

+    

+    It never changes.

+    */

+    uint32_t memoryType;

+    /** \brief Handle to Vulkan memory object.

+

+    Same memory object can be shared by multiple allocations.

+    

+    It can change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function, or if allocation is lost.

+

+    If the allocation is lost, it is equal to `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.

+    */

+    VkDeviceMemory deviceMemory;

+    /** \brief Offset into deviceMemory object to the beginning of this allocation, in bytes. (deviceMemory, offset) pair is unique to this allocation.

+

+    It can change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function, or if allocation is lost.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize offset;

+    /** \brief Size of this allocation, in bytes.

+

+    It never changes, unless allocation is lost.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize size;

+    /** \brief Pointer to the beginning of this allocation as mapped data.

+

+    If the allocation hasn't been mapped using vmaMapMemory() and hasn't been

+    created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag, this value null.

+

+    It can change after call to vmaMapMemory(), vmaUnmapMemory().

+    It can also change after call to vmaDefragment() if this allocation is passed to the function.

+    */

+    void* pMappedData;

+    /** \brief Custom general-purpose pointer that was passed as VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pUserData or set using vmaSetAllocationUserData().

+

+    It can change after call to vmaSetAllocationUserData() for this allocation.

+    */

+    void* pUserData;

+} VmaAllocationInfo;

+

+/** \brief General purpose memory allocation.

+

+@param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.

+@param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().

+

+You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().

+

+It is recommended to use vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(),

+vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage() instead whenever possible.

+*/

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/** \brief General purpose memory allocation for multiple allocation objects at once.

+

+@param allocator Allocator object.

+@param pVkMemoryRequirements Memory requirements for each allocation.

+@param pCreateInfo Creation parameters for each alloction.

+@param allocationCount Number of allocations to make.

+@param[out] pAllocations Pointer to array that will be filled with handles to created allocations.

+@param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Pointer to array that will be filled with parameters of created allocations.

+

+You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory() or vmaFreeMemoryPages().

+

+Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to allocate pieces of memory needed for sparse binding.

+It is just a general purpose allocation function able to make multiple allocations at once.

+It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaAllocateMemory() `allocationCount` times.

+

+All allocations are made using same parameters. All of them are created out of the same memory pool and type.

+If any allocation fails, all allocations already made within this function call are also freed, so that when

+returned result is not `VK_SUCCESS`, `pAllocation` array is always entirely filled with `VK_NULL_HANDLE`.

+*/

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryPages(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/**

+@param[out] pAllocation Handle to allocated memory.

+@param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().

+

+You should free the memory using vmaFreeMemory().

+*/

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/// Function similar to vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer().

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkImage image,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/** \brief Frees memory previously allocated using vmaAllocateMemory(), vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(), or vmaAllocateMemoryForImage().

+

+Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as `allocation` is valid. Such function call is just skipped.

+*/

+void vmaFreeMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+/** \brief Frees memory and destroys multiple allocations.

+

+Word "pages" is just a suggestion to use this function to free pieces of memory used for sparse binding.

+It is just a general purpose function to free memory and destroy allocations made using e.g. vmaAllocateMemory(),

+vmaAllocateMemoryPages() and other functions.

+It may be internally optimized to be more efficient than calling vmaFreeMemory() `allocationCount` times.

+

+Allocations in `pAllocations` array can come from any memory pools and types.

+Passing `VK_NULL_HANDLE` as elements of `pAllocations` array is valid. Such entries are just skipped.

+*/

+void vmaFreeMemoryPages(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+/** \brief Deprecated.

+

+In version 2.2.0 it used to try to change allocation's size without moving or reallocating it.

+In current version it returns `VK_SUCCESS` only if `newSize` equals current allocation's size.

+Otherwise returns `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY`, indicating that allocation's size could not be changed.

+*/

+VkResult vmaResizeAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize newSize);

+

+/** \brief Returns current information about specified allocation and atomically marks it as used in current frame.

+

+Current paramters of given allocation are returned in `pAllocationInfo`.

+

+This function also atomically "touches" allocation - marks it as used in current frame,

+just like vmaTouchAllocation().

+If the allocation is in lost state, `pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE`.

+

+Although this function uses atomics and doesn't lock any mutex, so it should be quite efficient,

+you can avoid calling it too often.

+

+- You can retrieve same VmaAllocationInfo structure while creating your resource, from function

+  vmaCreateBuffer(), vmaCreateImage(). You can remember it if you are sure parameters don't change

+  (e.g. due to defragmentation or allocation becoming lost).

+- If you just want to check if allocation is not lost, vmaTouchAllocation() will work faster.

+*/

+void vmaGetAllocationInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/** \brief Returns `VK_TRUE` if allocation is not lost and atomically marks it as used in current frame.

+

+If the allocation has been created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag,

+this function returns `VK_TRUE` if it's not in lost state, so it can still be used.

+It then also atomically "touches" the allocation - marks it as used in current frame,

+so that you can be sure it won't become lost in current frame or next `frameInUseCount` frames.

+

+If the allocation is in lost state, the function returns `VK_FALSE`.

+Memory of such allocation, as well as buffer or image bound to it, should not be used.

+Lost allocation and the buffer/image still need to be destroyed.

+

+If the allocation has been created without #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag,

+this function always returns `VK_TRUE`.

+*/

+VkBool32 vmaTouchAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+/** \brief Sets pUserData in given allocation to new value.

+

+If the allocation was created with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT,

+pUserData must be either null, or pointer to a null-terminated string. The function

+makes local copy of the string and sets it as allocation's `pUserData`. String

+passed as pUserData doesn't need to be valid for whole lifetime of the allocation -

+you can free it after this call. String previously pointed by allocation's

+pUserData is freed from memory.

+

+If the flag was not used, the value of pointer `pUserData` is just copied to

+allocation's `pUserData`. It is opaque, so you can use it however you want - e.g.

+as a pointer, ordinal number or some handle to you own data.

+*/

+void vmaSetAllocationUserData(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    void* pUserData);

+

+/** \brief Creates new allocation that is in lost state from the beginning.

+

+It can be useful if you need a dummy, non-null allocation.

+

+You still need to destroy created object using vmaFreeMemory().

+

+Returned allocation is not tied to any specific memory pool or memory type and

+not bound to any image or buffer. It has size = 0. It cannot be turned into

+a real, non-empty allocation.

+*/

+void vmaCreateLostAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation);

+

+/** \brief Maps memory represented by given allocation and returns pointer to it.

+

+Maps memory represented by given allocation to make it accessible to CPU code.

+When succeeded, `*ppData` contains pointer to first byte of this memory.

+If the allocation is part of bigger `VkDeviceMemory` block, the pointer is

+correctly offseted to the beginning of region assigned to this particular

+allocation.

+

+Mapping is internally reference-counted and synchronized, so despite raw Vulkan

+function `vkMapMemory()` cannot be used to map same block of `VkDeviceMemory`

+multiple times simultaneously, it is safe to call this function on allocations

+assigned to the same memory block. Actual Vulkan memory will be mapped on first

+mapping and unmapped on last unmapping.

+

+If the function succeeded, you must call vmaUnmapMemory() to unmap the

+allocation when mapping is no longer needed or before freeing the allocation, at

+the latest.

+

+It also safe to call this function multiple times on the same allocation. You

+must call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called vmaMapMemory().

+

+It is also safe to call this function on allocation created with

+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag. Its memory stays mapped all the time.

+You must still call vmaUnmapMemory() same number of times as you called

+vmaMapMemory(). You must not call vmaUnmapMemory() additional time to free the

+"0-th" mapping made automatically due to #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT flag.

+

+This function fails when used on allocation made in memory type that is not

+`HOST_VISIBLE`.

+

+This function always fails when called for allocation that was created with

+#VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT flag. Such allocations cannot be

+mapped.

+*/

+VkResult vmaMapMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    void** ppData);

+

+/** \brief Unmaps memory represented by given allocation, mapped previously using vmaMapMemory().

+

+For details, see description of vmaMapMemory().

+*/

+void vmaUnmapMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+/** \brief Flushes memory of given allocation.

+

+Calls `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.

+

+- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.

+- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.

+- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.

+  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.

+- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.

+- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,

+  this call is ignored.

+

+Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.

+If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.

+Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!

+*/

+void vmaFlushAllocation(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);

+

+/** \brief Invalidates memory of given allocation.

+

+Calls `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges()` for memory associated with given range of given allocation.

+

+- `offset` must be relative to the beginning of allocation.

+- `size` can be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`. It means all memory from `offset` the the end of given allocation.

+- `offset` and `size` don't have to be aligned.

+  They are internally rounded down/up to multiply of `nonCoherentAtomSize`.

+- If `size` is 0, this call is ignored.

+- If memory type that the `allocation` belongs to is not `HOST_VISIBLE` or it is `HOST_COHERENT`,

+  this call is ignored.

+

+Warning! `offset` and `size` are relative to the contents of given `allocation`.

+If you mean whole allocation, you can pass 0 and `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, respectively.

+Do not pass allocation's offset as `offset`!!!

+*/

+void vmaInvalidateAllocation(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);

+

+/** \brief Checks magic number in margins around all allocations in given memory types (in both default and custom pools) in search for corruptions.

+

+@param memoryTypeBits Bit mask, where each bit set means that a memory type with that index should be checked.

+

+Corruption detection is enabled only when `VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION` macro is defined to nonzero,

+`VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN` is defined to nonzero and only for memory types that are

+`HOST_VISIBLE` and `HOST_COHERENT`. For more information, see [Corruption detection](@ref debugging_memory_usage_corruption_detection).

+

+Possible return values:

+

+- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` - corruption detection is not enabled for any of specified memory types.

+- `VK_SUCCESS` - corruption detection has been performed and succeeded.

+- `VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT` - corruption detection has been performed and found memory corruptions around one of the allocations.

+  `VMA_ASSERT` is also fired in that case.

+- Other value: Error returned by Vulkan, e.g. memory mapping failure.

+*/

+VkResult vmaCheckCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, uint32_t memoryTypeBits);

+

+/** \struct VmaDefragmentationContext

+\brief Represents Opaque object that represents started defragmentation process.

+

+Fill structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and call function vmaDefragmentationBegin() to create it.

+Call function vmaDefragmentationEnd() to destroy it.

+*/

+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaDefragmentationContext)

+

+/// Flags to be used in vmaDefragmentationBegin(). None at the moment. Reserved for future use.

+typedef enum VmaDefragmentationFlagBits {

+    VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+} VmaDefragmentationFlagBits;

+typedef VkFlags VmaDefragmentationFlags;

+

+/** \brief Parameters for defragmentation.

+

+To be used with function vmaDefragmentationBegin().

+*/

+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationInfo2 {

+    /** \brief Reserved for future use. Should be 0.

+    */

+    VmaDefragmentationFlags flags;

+    /** \brief Number of allocations in `pAllocations` array.

+    */

+    uint32_t allocationCount;

+    /** \brief Pointer to array of allocations that can be defragmented.

+

+    The array should have `allocationCount` elements.

+    The array should not contain nulls.

+    Elements in the array should be unique - same allocation cannot occur twice.

+    It is safe to pass allocations that are in the lost state - they are ignored.

+    All allocations not present in this array are considered non-moveable during this defragmentation.

+    */

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations;

+    /** \brief Optional, output. Pointer to array that will be filled with information whether the allocation at certain index has been changed during defragmentation.

+

+    The array should have `allocationCount` elements.

+    You can pass null if you are not interested in this information.

+    */

+    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged;

+    /** \brief Numer of pools in `pPools` array.

+    */

+    uint32_t poolCount;

+    /** \brief Either null or pointer to array of pools to be defragmented.

+

+    All the allocations in the specified pools can be moved during defragmentation

+    and there is no way to check if they were really moved as in `pAllocationsChanged`,

+    so you must query all the allocations in all these pools for new `VkDeviceMemory`

+    and offset using vmaGetAllocationInfo() if you might need to recreate buffers

+    and images bound to them.

+

+    The array should have `poolCount` elements.

+    The array should not contain nulls.

+    Elements in the array should be unique - same pool cannot occur twice.

+

+    Using this array is equivalent to specifying all allocations from the pools in `pAllocations`.

+    It might be more efficient.

+    */

+    VmaPool* pPools;

+    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places using transfers on CPU side, like `memcpy()`, `memmove()`.

+    

+    `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` means no limit.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to a different place using transfers on CPU side, like `memcpy()`, `memmove()`.

+

+    `UINT32_MAX` means no limit.

+    */

+    uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove;

+    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places using transfers on GPU side, posted to `commandBuffer`.

+    

+    `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` means no limit.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to a different place using transfers on GPU side, posted to `commandBuffer`.

+

+    `UINT32_MAX` means no limit.

+    */

+    uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove;

+    /** \brief Optional. Command buffer where GPU copy commands will be posted.

+

+    If not null, it must be a valid command buffer handle that supports Transfer queue type.

+    It must be in the recording state and outside of a render pass instance.

+    You need to submit it and make sure it finished execution before calling vmaDefragmentationEnd().

+

+    Passing null means that only CPU defragmentation will be performed.

+    */

+    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;

+} VmaDefragmentationInfo2;

+

+/** \brief Deprecated. Optional configuration parameters to be passed to function vmaDefragment().

+

+\deprecated This is a part of the old interface. It is recommended to use structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and function vmaDefragmentationBegin() instead.

+*/

+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationInfo {

+    /** \brief Maximum total numbers of bytes that can be copied while moving allocations to different places.

+    

+    Default is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, which means no limit.

+    */

+    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove;

+    /** \brief Maximum number of allocations that can be moved to different place.

+

+    Default is `UINT32_MAX`, which means no limit.

+    */

+    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove;

+} VmaDefragmentationInfo;

+

+/** \brief Statistics returned by function vmaDefragment(). */

+typedef struct VmaDefragmentationStats {

+    /// Total number of bytes that have been copied while moving allocations to different places.

+    VkDeviceSize bytesMoved;

+    /// Total number of bytes that have been released to the system by freeing empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects.

+    VkDeviceSize bytesFreed;

+    /// Number of allocations that have been moved to different places.

+    uint32_t allocationsMoved;

+    /// Number of empty `VkDeviceMemory` objects that have been released to the system.

+    uint32_t deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;

+} VmaDefragmentationStats;

+

+/** \brief Begins defragmentation process.

+

+@param allocator Allocator object.

+@param pInfo Structure filled with parameters of defragmentation.

+@param[out] pStats Optional. Statistics of defragmentation. You can pass null if you are not interested in this information.

+@param[out] pContext Context object that must be passed to vmaDefragmentationEnd() to finish defragmentation.

+@return `VK_SUCCESS` and `*pContext == null` if defragmentation finished within this function call. `VK_NOT_READY` and `*pContext != null` if defragmentation has been started and you need to call vmaDefragmentationEnd() to finish it. Negative value in case of error.

+

+Use this function instead of old, deprecated vmaDefragment().

+

+Warning! Between the call to vmaDefragmentationBegin() and vmaDefragmentationEnd():

+

+- You should not use any of allocations passed as `pInfo->pAllocations` or

+  any allocations that belong to pools passed as `pInfo->pPools`,

+  including calling vmaGetAllocationInfo(), vmaTouchAllocation(), or access

+  their data.

+- Some mutexes protecting internal data structures may be locked, so trying to

+  make or free any allocations, bind buffers or images, map memory, or launch

+  another simultaneous defragmentation in between may cause stall (when done on

+  another thread) or deadlock (when done on the same thread), unless you are

+  100% sure that defragmented allocations are in different pools.

+- Information returned via `pStats` and `pInfo->pAllocationsChanged` are undefined.

+  They become valid after call to vmaDefragmentationEnd().

+- If `pInfo->commandBuffer` is not null, you must submit that command buffer

+  and make sure it finished execution before calling vmaDefragmentationEnd().

+

+For more information and important limitations regarding defragmentation, see documentation chapter:

+[Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation).

+*/

+VkResult vmaDefragmentationBegin(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2* pInfo,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext *pContext);

+

+/** \brief Ends defragmentation process.

+

+Use this function to finish defragmentation started by vmaDefragmentationBegin().

+It is safe to pass `context == null`. The function then does nothing.

+*/

+VkResult vmaDefragmentationEnd(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext context);

+

+/** \brief Deprecated. Compacts memory by moving allocations.

+

+@param pAllocations Array of allocations that can be moved during this compation.

+@param allocationCount Number of elements in pAllocations and pAllocationsChanged arrays.

+@param[out] pAllocationsChanged Array of boolean values that will indicate whether matching allocation in pAllocations array has been moved. This parameter is optional. Pass null if you don't need this information.

+@param pDefragmentationInfo Configuration parameters. Optional - pass null to use default values.

+@param[out] pDefragmentationStats Statistics returned by the function. Optional - pass null if you don't need this information.

+@return `VK_SUCCESS` if completed, negative error code in case of error.

+

+\deprecated This is a part of the old interface. It is recommended to use structure #VmaDefragmentationInfo2 and function vmaDefragmentationBegin() instead.

+

+This function works by moving allocations to different places (different

+`VkDeviceMemory` objects and/or different offsets) in order to optimize memory

+usage. Only allocations that are in `pAllocations` array can be moved. All other

+allocations are considered nonmovable in this call. Basic rules:

+

+- Only allocations made in memory types that have

+  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`

+  flags can be compacted. You may pass other allocations but it makes no sense -

+  these will never be moved.

+- Custom pools created with #VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT or

+  #VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT flag are not defragmented. Allocations

+  passed to this function that come from such pools are ignored.

+- Allocations created with #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT or

+  created as dedicated allocations for any other reason are also ignored.

+- Both allocations made with or without #VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT

+  flag can be compacted. If not persistently mapped, memory will be mapped

+  temporarily inside this function if needed.

+- You must not pass same #VmaAllocation object multiple times in `pAllocations` array.

+

+The function also frees empty `VkDeviceMemory` blocks.

+

+Warning: This function may be time-consuming, so you shouldn't call it too often

+(like after every resource creation/destruction).

+You can call it on special occasions (like when reloading a game level or

+when you just destroyed a lot of objects). Calling it every frame may be OK, but

+you should measure that on your platform.

+

+For more information, see [Defragmentation](@ref defragmentation) chapter.

+*/

+VkResult vmaDefragment(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged,

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo *pDefragmentationInfo,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats);

+

+/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation.

+

+Binds specified buffer to region of memory represented by specified allocation.

+Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.

+If you want to create a buffer, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,

+you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindBufferMemory()`,

+because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple

+allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously

+(which is illegal in Vulkan).

+

+It is recommended to use function vmaCreateBuffer() instead of this one.

+*/

+VkResult vmaBindBufferMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkBuffer buffer);

+

+/** \brief Binds buffer to allocation with additional parameters.

+

+@param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginnig of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.

+@param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.

+

+This function is similar to vmaBindBufferMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.

+

+If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag.

+Otherwise the call fails.

+*/

+VkResult vmaBindBufferMemory2(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    const void* pNext);

+

+/** \brief Binds image to allocation.

+

+Binds specified image to region of memory represented by specified allocation.

+Gets `VkDeviceMemory` handle and offset from the allocation.

+If you want to create an image, allocate memory for it and bind them together separately,

+you should use this function for binding instead of standard `vkBindImageMemory()`,

+because it ensures proper synchronization so that when a `VkDeviceMemory` object is used by multiple

+allocations, calls to `vkBind*Memory()` or `vkMapMemory()` won't happen from multiple threads simultaneously

+(which is illegal in Vulkan).

+

+It is recommended to use function vmaCreateImage() instead of this one.

+*/

+VkResult vmaBindImageMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkImage image);

+

+/** \brief Binds image to allocation with additional parameters.

+

+@param allocationLocalOffset Additional offset to be added while binding, relative to the beginnig of the `allocation`. Normally it should be 0.

+@param pNext A chain of structures to be attached to `VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR` structure used internally. Normally it should be null.

+

+This function is similar to vmaBindImageMemory(), but it provides additional parameters.

+

+If `pNext` is not null, #VmaAllocator object must have been created with #VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT flag.

+Otherwise the call fails.

+*/

+VkResult vmaBindImageMemory2(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkImage image,

+    const void* pNext);

+

+/**

+@param[out] pBuffer Buffer that was created.

+@param[out] pAllocation Allocation that was created.

+@param[out] pAllocationInfo Optional. Information about allocated memory. It can be later fetched using function vmaGetAllocationInfo().

+

+This function automatically:

+

+-# Creates buffer.

+-# Allocates appropriate memory for it.

+-# Binds the buffer with the memory.

+

+If any of these operations fail, buffer and allocation are not created,

+returned value is negative error code, *pBuffer and *pAllocation are null.

+

+If the function succeeded, you must destroy both buffer and allocation when you

+no longer need them using either convenience function vmaDestroyBuffer() or

+separately, using `vkDestroyBuffer()` and vmaFreeMemory().

+

+If VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT flag was used,

+VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is used internally to query driver whether

+it requires or prefers the new buffer to have dedicated allocation. If yes,

+and if dedicated allocation is possible (VmaAllocationCreateInfo::pool is null

+and VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT is not used), it creates dedicated

+allocation for this buffer, just like when using

+VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT.

+*/

+VkResult vmaCreateBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    VkBuffer* pBuffer,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/** \brief Destroys Vulkan buffer and frees allocated memory.

+

+This is just a convenience function equivalent to:

+

+\code

+vkDestroyBuffer(device, buffer, allocationCallbacks);

+vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);

+\endcode

+

+It it safe to pass null as buffer and/or allocation.

+*/

+void vmaDestroyBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+/// Function similar to vmaCreateBuffer().

+VkResult vmaCreateImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    VkImage* pImage,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+

+/** \brief Destroys Vulkan image and frees allocated memory.

+

+This is just a convenience function equivalent to:

+

+\code

+vkDestroyImage(device, image, allocationCallbacks);

+vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);

+\endcode

+

+It it safe to pass null as image and/or allocation.

+*/

+void vmaDestroyImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkImage image,

+    VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+#ifdef __cplusplus

+}

+#endif

+

+#endif // AMD_VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_H

+

+// For Visual Studio IntelliSense.

+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__INTELLISENSE__)

+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION

+#endif

+

+#ifdef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION

+#undef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION

+

+#include <cstdint>

+#include <cstdlib>

+#include <cstring>

+

+/*******************************************************************************

+CONFIGURATION SECTION

+

+Define some of these macros before each #include of this header or change them

+here if you need other then default behavior depending on your environment.

+*/

+

+/*

+Define this macro to 1 to make the library fetch pointers to Vulkan functions

+internally, like:

+

+    vulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = &vkAllocateMemory;

+

+Define to 0 if you are going to provide you own pointers to Vulkan functions via

+VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.

+*/

+#if !defined(VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(VK_NO_PROTOTYPES)

+#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1

+#endif

+

+// Define this macro to 1 to make the library use STL containers instead of its own implementation.

+//#define VMA_USE_STL_CONTAINERS 1

+

+/* Set this macro to 1 to make the library including and using STL containers:

+std::pair, std::vector, std::list, std::unordered_map.

+

+Set it to 0 or undefined to make the library using its own implementation of

+the containers.

+*/

+#if VMA_USE_STL_CONTAINERS

+   #define VMA_USE_STL_VECTOR 1

+   #define VMA_USE_STL_UNORDERED_MAP 1

+   #define VMA_USE_STL_LIST 1

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX

+    // Compiler conforms to C++17.

+    #if __cplusplus >= 201703L

+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1

+    // Visual studio defines __cplusplus properly only when passed additional parameter: /Zc:__cplusplus

+    // Otherwise it's always 199711L, despite shared_mutex works since Visual Studio 2015 Update 2.

+    // See: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2018/04/09/msvc-now-correctly-reports-__cplusplus/

+    #elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023918 && __cplusplus == 199711L && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L

+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 1

+    #else

+        #define VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX 0

+    #endif

+#endif

+

+/*

+THESE INCLUDES ARE NOT ENABLED BY DEFAULT.

+Library has its own container implementation.

+*/

+#if VMA_USE_STL_VECTOR

+   #include <vector>

+#endif

+

+#if VMA_USE_STL_UNORDERED_MAP

+   #include <unordered_map>

+#endif

+

+#if VMA_USE_STL_LIST

+   #include <list>

+#endif

+

+/*

+Following headers are used in this CONFIGURATION section only, so feel free to

+remove them if not needed.

+*/

+#include <cassert> // for assert

+#include <algorithm> // for min, max

+#include <mutex>

+

+#ifndef VMA_NULL

+   // Value used as null pointer. Define it to e.g.: nullptr, NULL, 0, (void*)0.

+   #define VMA_NULL   nullptr

+#endif

+

+#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) && (__ANDROID_API__ < 16)

+#include <cstdlib>

+void *aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)

+{

+    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)

+    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))

+    {

+        alignment = sizeof(void*);

+    }

+

+    return memalign(alignment, size);

+}

+#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__ANDROID__)

+#include <cstdlib>

+void *aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)

+{

+    // alignment must be >= sizeof(void*)

+    if(alignment < sizeof(void*))

+    {

+        alignment = sizeof(void*);

+    }

+

+    void *pointer;

+    if(posix_memalign(&pointer, alignment, size) == 0)

+        return pointer;

+    return VMA_NULL;

+}

+#endif

+

+// If your compiler is not compatible with C++11 and definition of

+// aligned_alloc() function is missing, uncommeting following line may help:

+

+//#include <malloc.h>

+

+// Normal assert to check for programmer's errors, especially in Debug configuration.

+#ifndef VMA_ASSERT

+   #ifdef _DEBUG

+       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)         assert(expr)

+   #else

+       #define VMA_ASSERT(expr)

+   #endif

+#endif

+

+// Assert that will be called very often, like inside data structures e.g. operator[].

+// Making it non-empty can make program slow.

+#ifndef VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT

+   #ifdef _DEBUG

+       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)   //VMA_ASSERT(expr)

+   #else

+       #define VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(expr)

+   #endif

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_ALIGN_OF

+   #define VMA_ALIGN_OF(type)       (__alignof(type))

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC

+   #if defined(_WIN32)

+       #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment)   (_aligned_malloc((size), (alignment)))

+   #else

+       #define VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment)   (aligned_alloc((alignment), (size) ))

+   #endif

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_SYSTEM_FREE

+   #if defined(_WIN32)

+       #define VMA_SYSTEM_FREE(ptr)   _aligned_free(ptr)

+   #else

+       #define VMA_SYSTEM_FREE(ptr)   free(ptr)

+   #endif

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_MIN

+   #define VMA_MIN(v1, v2)    (std::min((v1), (v2)))

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_MAX

+   #define VMA_MAX(v1, v2)    (std::max((v1), (v2)))

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_SWAP

+   #define VMA_SWAP(v1, v2)   std::swap((v1), (v2))

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_SORT

+   #define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp)  std::sort(beg, end, cmp)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_LOG

+   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...)

+   /*

+   #define VMA_DEBUG_LOG(format, ...) do { \

+       printf(format, __VA_ARGS__); \

+       printf("\n"); \

+   } while(false)

+   */

+#endif

+

+// Define this macro to 1 to enable functions: vmaBuildStatsString, vmaFreeStatsString.

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    static inline void VmaUint32ToStr(char* outStr, size_t strLen, uint32_t num)

+    {

+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%u", static_cast<unsigned int>(num));

+    }

+    static inline void VmaUint64ToStr(char* outStr, size_t strLen, uint64_t num)

+    {

+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%llu", static_cast<unsigned long long>(num));

+    }

+    static inline void VmaPtrToStr(char* outStr, size_t strLen, const void* ptr)

+    {

+        snprintf(outStr, strLen, "%p", ptr);

+    }

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_MUTEX

+    class VmaMutex

+    {

+    public:

+        void Lock() { m_Mutex.lock(); }

+        void Unlock() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }

+    private:

+        std::mutex m_Mutex;

+    };

+    #define VMA_MUTEX VmaMutex

+#endif

+

+// Read-write mutex, where "read" is shared access, "write" is exclusive access.

+#ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX

+    #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX

+        // Use std::shared_mutex from C++17.

+        #include <shared_mutex>

+        class VmaRWMutex

+        {

+        public:

+            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.lock_shared(); }

+            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.unlock_shared(); }

+            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.lock(); }

+            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.unlock(); }

+        private:

+            std::shared_mutex m_Mutex;

+        };

+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex

+    #elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(WINVER) && WINVER >= 0x0600

+        // Use SRWLOCK from WinAPI.

+        // Minimum supported client = Windows Vista, server = Windows Server 2008.

+        class VmaRWMutex

+        {

+        public:

+            VmaRWMutex() { InitializeSRWLock(&m_Lock); }

+            void LockRead() { AcquireSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }

+            void UnlockRead() { ReleaseSRWLockShared(&m_Lock); }

+            void LockWrite() { AcquireSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }

+            void UnlockWrite() { ReleaseSRWLockExclusive(&m_Lock); }

+        private:

+            SRWLOCK m_Lock;

+        };

+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex

+    #else

+        // Less efficient fallback: Use normal mutex.

+        class VmaRWMutex

+        {

+        public:

+            void LockRead() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }

+            void UnlockRead() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }

+            void LockWrite() { m_Mutex.Lock(); }

+            void UnlockWrite() { m_Mutex.Unlock(); }

+        private:

+            VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;

+        };

+        #define VMA_RW_MUTEX VmaRWMutex

+    #endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_SHARED_MUTEX

+#endif // #ifndef VMA_RW_MUTEX

+

+/*

+If providing your own implementation, you need to implement a subset of std::atomic:

+

+- Constructor(uint32_t desired)

+- uint32_t load() const

+- void store(uint32_t desired)

+- bool compare_exchange_weak(uint32_t& expected, uint32_t desired)

+*/

+#ifndef VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32

+    #include <atomic>

+    #define VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 std::atomic<uint32_t>

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY

+    /**

+    Every allocation will have its own memory block.

+    Define to 1 for debugging purposes only.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY (0)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT

+    /**

+    Minimum alignment of all allocations, in bytes.

+    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes only. Must be power of two.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT (1)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN

+    /**

+    Minimum margin before and after every allocation, in bytes.

+    Set nonzero for debugging purposes only.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN (0)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS

+    /**

+    Define this macro to 1 to automatically fill new allocations and destroyed

+    allocations with some bit pattern.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS (0)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION

+    /**

+    Define this macro to 1 together with non-zero value of VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN to

+    enable writing magic value to the margin before and after every allocation and

+    validating it, so that memory corruptions (out-of-bounds writes) are detected.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION (0)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX

+    /**

+    Set this to 1 for debugging purposes only, to enable single mutex protecting all

+    entry calls to the library. Can be useful for debugging multithreading issues.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX (0)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY

+    /**

+    Minimum value for VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity.

+    Set to more than 1 for debugging purposes only. Must be power of two.

+    */

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY (1)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE

+   /// Maximum size of a memory heap in Vulkan to consider it "small".

+   #define VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE (1024ull * 1024 * 1024)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE

+   /// Default size of a block allocated as single VkDeviceMemory from a "large" heap.

+   #define VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE (256ull * 1024 * 1024)

+#endif

+

+#ifndef VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY

+    #define VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(className) \

+        private: \

+            className(const className&) = delete; \

+            className& operator=(const className&) = delete;

+#endif

+

+static const uint32_t VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST = UINT32_MAX;

+

+// Decimal 2139416166, float NaN, little-endian binary 66 E6 84 7F.

+static const uint32_t VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE = 0x7F84E666;

+

+static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED   = 0xDC;

+static const uint8_t VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED = 0xEF;

+

+/*******************************************************************************

+END OF CONFIGURATION

+*/

+

+static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET = 0x10000000u;

+

+static VkAllocationCallbacks VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks = {

+    VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL, VMA_NULL };

+

+// Returns number of bits set to 1 in (v).

+static inline uint32_t VmaCountBitsSet(uint32_t v)

+{

+	uint32_t c = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);

+	c = ((c >>  2) & 0x33333333) + (c & 0x33333333);

+	c = ((c >>  4) + c) & 0x0F0F0F0F;

+	c = ((c >>  8) + c) & 0x00FF00FF;

+	c = ((c >> 16) + c) & 0x0000FFFF;

+	return c;

+}

+

+// Aligns given value up to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 16.

+// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.

+template <typename T>

+static inline T VmaAlignUp(T val, T align)

+{

+	return (val + align - 1) / align * align;

+}

+// Aligns given value down to nearest multiply of align value. For example: VmaAlignUp(11, 8) = 8.

+// Use types like uint32_t, uint64_t as T.

+template <typename T>

+static inline T VmaAlignDown(T val, T align)

+{

+    return val / align * align;

+}

+

+// Division with mathematical rounding to nearest number.

+template <typename T>

+static inline T VmaRoundDiv(T x, T y)

+{

+	return (x + (y / (T)2)) / y;

+}

+

+/*

+Returns true if given number is a power of two.

+T must be unsigned integer number or signed integer but always nonnegative.

+For 0 returns true.

+*/

+template <typename T>

+inline bool VmaIsPow2(T x)

+{

+    return (x & (x-1)) == 0;

+}

+

+// Returns smallest power of 2 greater or equal to v.

+static inline uint32_t VmaNextPow2(uint32_t v)

+{

+	v--;

+    v |= v >> 1;

+    v |= v >> 2;

+    v |= v >> 4;

+    v |= v >> 8;

+    v |= v >> 16;

+    v++;

+    return v;

+}

+static inline uint64_t VmaNextPow2(uint64_t v)

+{

+	v--;

+    v |= v >> 1;

+    v |= v >> 2;

+    v |= v >> 4;

+    v |= v >> 8;

+    v |= v >> 16;

+    v |= v >> 32;

+    v++;

+    return v;

+}

+

+// Returns largest power of 2 less or equal to v.

+static inline uint32_t VmaPrevPow2(uint32_t v)

+{

+    v |= v >> 1;

+    v |= v >> 2;

+    v |= v >> 4;

+    v |= v >> 8;

+    v |= v >> 16;

+    v = v ^ (v >> 1);

+    return v;

+}

+static inline uint64_t VmaPrevPow2(uint64_t v)

+{

+    v |= v >> 1;

+    v |= v >> 2;

+    v |= v >> 4;

+    v |= v >> 8;

+    v |= v >> 16;

+    v |= v >> 32;

+    v = v ^ (v >> 1);

+    return v;

+}

+

+static inline bool VmaStrIsEmpty(const char* pStr)

+{

+    return pStr == VMA_NULL || *pStr == '\0';

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+static const char* VmaAlgorithmToStr(uint32_t algorithm)

+{

+    switch(algorithm)

+    {

+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:

+        return "Linear";

+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT:

+        return "Buddy";

+    case 0:

+        return "Default";

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return "";

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+#ifndef VMA_SORT

+

+template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>

+Iterator VmaQuickSortPartition(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)

+{

+    Iterator centerValue = end; --centerValue;

+    Iterator insertIndex = beg;

+    for(Iterator memTypeIndex = beg; memTypeIndex < centerValue; ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        if(cmp(*memTypeIndex, *centerValue))

+        {

+            if(insertIndex != memTypeIndex)

+            {

+                VMA_SWAP(*memTypeIndex, *insertIndex);

+            }

+            ++insertIndex;

+        }

+    }

+    if(insertIndex != centerValue)

+    {

+        VMA_SWAP(*insertIndex, *centerValue);

+    }

+    return insertIndex;

+}

+

+template<typename Iterator, typename Compare>

+void VmaQuickSort(Iterator beg, Iterator end, Compare cmp)

+{

+    if(beg < end)

+    {

+        Iterator it = VmaQuickSortPartition<Iterator, Compare>(beg, end, cmp);

+        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(beg, it, cmp);

+        VmaQuickSort<Iterator, Compare>(it + 1, end, cmp);

+    }

+}

+

+#define VMA_SORT(beg, end, cmp) VmaQuickSort(beg, end, cmp)

+

+#endif // #ifndef VMA_SORT

+

+/*

+Returns true if two memory blocks occupy overlapping pages.

+ResourceA must be in less memory offset than ResourceB.

+

+Algorithm is based on "Vulkan 1.0.39 - A Specification (with all registered Vulkan extensions)"

+chapter 11.6 "Resource Memory Association", paragraph "Buffer-Image Granularity".

+*/

+static inline bool VmaBlocksOnSamePage(

+    VkDeviceSize resourceAOffset,

+    VkDeviceSize resourceASize,

+    VkDeviceSize resourceBOffset,

+    VkDeviceSize pageSize)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(resourceAOffset + resourceASize <= resourceBOffset && resourceASize > 0 && pageSize > 0);

+    VkDeviceSize resourceAEnd = resourceAOffset + resourceASize - 1;

+    VkDeviceSize resourceAEndPage = resourceAEnd & ~(pageSize - 1);

+    VkDeviceSize resourceBStart = resourceBOffset;

+    VkDeviceSize resourceBStartPage = resourceBStart & ~(pageSize - 1);

+    return resourceAEndPage == resourceBStartPage;

+}

+

+enum VmaSuballocationType

+{

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE = 0,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 1,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER = 2,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN = 3,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR = 4,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL = 5,

+    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_MAX_ENUM = 0x7FFFFFFF

+};

+

+/*

+Returns true if given suballocation types could conflict and must respect

+VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::bufferImageGranularity. They conflict if one is buffer

+or linear image and another one is optimal image. If type is unknown, behave

+conservatively.

+*/

+static inline bool VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType1,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType2)

+{

+    if(suballocType1 > suballocType2)

+    {

+        VMA_SWAP(suballocType1, suballocType2);

+    }

+    

+    switch(suballocType1)

+    {

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE:

+        return false;

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN:

+        return true;

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER:

+        return

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN:

+        return

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR ||

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR:

+        return

+            suballocType2 == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL;

+    case VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL:

+        return false;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return true;

+    }

+}

+

+static void VmaWriteMagicValue(void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION

+    uint32_t* pDst = (uint32_t*)((char*)pData + offset);

+    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pDst)

+    {

+        *pDst = VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE;

+    }

+#else

+    // no-op

+#endif

+}

+

+static bool VmaValidateMagicValue(const void* pData, VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+#if VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION

+    const uint32_t* pSrc = (const uint32_t*)((const char*)pData + offset);

+    const size_t numberCount = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN / sizeof(uint32_t);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < numberCount; ++i, ++pSrc)

+    {

+        if(*pSrc != VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+    }

+#endif

+    return true;

+}

+

+/*

+Fills structure with parameters of an example buffer to be used for transfers

+during GPU memory defragmentation.

+*/

+static void VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(VkBufferCreateInfo& outBufCreateInfo)

+{

+    memset(&outBufCreateInfo, 0, sizeof(outBufCreateInfo));

+    outBufCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;

+    outBufCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

+    outBufCreateInfo.size = (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE; // Example size.

+}

+

+// Helper RAII class to lock a mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope).

+struct VmaMutexLock

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLock)

+public:

+    VmaMutexLock(VMA_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex = true) :

+        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)

+    { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Lock(); } }

+    ~VmaMutexLock()

+    { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->Unlock(); } }

+private:

+    VMA_MUTEX* m_pMutex;

+};

+

+// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for reading.

+struct VmaMutexLockRead

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockRead)

+public:

+    VmaMutexLockRead(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex) :

+        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)

+    { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockRead(); } }

+    ~VmaMutexLockRead() { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockRead(); } }

+private:

+    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;

+};

+

+// Helper RAII class to lock a RW mutex in constructor and unlock it in destructor (at the end of scope), for writing.

+struct VmaMutexLockWrite

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaMutexLockWrite)

+public:

+    VmaMutexLockWrite(VMA_RW_MUTEX& mutex, bool useMutex) :

+        m_pMutex(useMutex ? &mutex : VMA_NULL)

+    { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->LockWrite(); } }

+    ~VmaMutexLockWrite() { if(m_pMutex) { m_pMutex->UnlockWrite(); } }

+private:

+    VMA_RW_MUTEX* m_pMutex;

+};

+

+#if VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX

+    static VMA_MUTEX gDebugGlobalMutex;

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK VmaMutexLock debugGlobalMutexLock(gDebugGlobalMutex, true);

+#else

+    #define VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+#endif

+

+// Minimum size of a free suballocation to register it in the free suballocation collection.

+static const VkDeviceSize VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER = 16;

+

+/*

+Performs binary search and returns iterator to first element that is greater or

+equal to (key), according to comparison (cmp).

+

+Cmp should return true if first argument is less than second argument.

+

+Returned value is the found element, if present in the collection or place where

+new element with value (key) should be inserted.

+*/

+template <typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>

+static IterT VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(IterT beg, IterT end, const KeyT &key, const CmpLess& cmp)

+{

+    size_t down = 0, up = (end - beg);

+    while(down < up)

+    {

+        const size_t mid = (down + up) / 2;

+        if(cmp(*(beg+mid), key))

+        {

+            down = mid + 1;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            up = mid;

+        }

+    }

+    return beg + down;

+}

+

+template<typename CmpLess, typename IterT, typename KeyT>

+IterT VmaBinaryFindSorted(const IterT& beg, const IterT& end, const KeyT& value, const CmpLess& cmp)

+{

+    IterT it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess<CmpLess, IterT, KeyT>(

+        beg, end, value, cmp);

+    if(it == end ||

+        (!cmp(*it, value) && !cmp(value, *it)))

+    {

+        return it;

+    }

+    return end;

+}

+

+/*

+Returns true if all pointers in the array are not-null and unique.

+Warning! O(n^2) complexity. Use only inside VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT.

+T must be pointer type, e.g. VmaAllocation, VmaPool.

+*/

+template<typename T>

+static bool VmaValidatePointerArray(uint32_t count, const T* arr)

+{

+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        const T iPtr = arr[i];

+        if(iPtr == VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+        for(uint32_t j = i + 1; j < count; ++j)

+        {

+            if(iPtr == arr[j])

+            {

+                return false;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return true;

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// Memory allocation

+

+static void* VmaMalloc(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t size, size_t alignment)

+{

+    if((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&

+        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation != VMA_NULL))

+    {

+        return (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnAllocation)(

+            pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData,

+            size,

+            alignment,

+            VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return VMA_SYSTEM_ALIGNED_MALLOC(size, alignment);

+    }

+}

+

+static void VmaFree(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, void* ptr)

+{

+    if((pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL) &&

+        (pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree != VMA_NULL))

+    {

+        (*pAllocationCallbacks->pfnFree)(pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData, ptr);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_SYSTEM_FREE(ptr);

+    }

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static T* VmaAllocate(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)

+{

+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static T* VmaAllocateArray(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, size_t count)

+{

+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(pAllocationCallbacks, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));

+}

+

+#define vma_new(allocator, type)   new(VmaAllocate<type>(allocator))(type)

+

+#define vma_new_array(allocator, type, count)   new(VmaAllocateArray<type>((allocator), (count)))(type)

+

+template<typename T>

+static void vma_delete(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr)

+{

+    ptr->~T();

+    VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static void vma_delete_array(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, T* ptr, size_t count)

+{

+    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        for(size_t i = count; i--; )

+        {

+            ptr[i].~T();

+        }

+        VmaFree(pAllocationCallbacks, ptr);

+    }

+}

+

+// STL-compatible allocator.

+template<typename T>

+class VmaStlAllocator

+{

+public:

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pCallbacks;

+    typedef T value_type;

+    

+    VmaStlAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pCallbacks) : m_pCallbacks(pCallbacks) { }

+    template<typename U> VmaStlAllocator(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& src) : m_pCallbacks(src.m_pCallbacks) { }

+

+    T* allocate(size_t n) { return VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_pCallbacks, n); }

+    void deallocate(T* p, size_t n) { VmaFree(m_pCallbacks, p); }

+

+    template<typename U>

+    bool operator==(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const

+    {

+        return m_pCallbacks == rhs.m_pCallbacks;

+    }

+    template<typename U>

+    bool operator!=(const VmaStlAllocator<U>& rhs) const

+    {

+        return m_pCallbacks != rhs.m_pCallbacks;

+    }

+

+    VmaStlAllocator& operator=(const VmaStlAllocator& x) = delete;

+};

+

+#if VMA_USE_STL_VECTOR

+

+#define VmaVector std::vector

+

+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>

+static void VmaVectorInsert(std::vector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index, const T& item)

+{

+    vec.insert(vec.begin() + index, item);

+}

+

+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>

+static void VmaVectorRemove(std::vector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index)

+{

+    vec.erase(vec.begin() + index);

+}

+

+#else // #if VMA_USE_STL_VECTOR

+

+/* Class with interface compatible with subset of std::vector.

+T must be POD because constructors and destructors are not called and memcpy is

+used for these objects. */

+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>

+class VmaVector

+{

+public:

+    typedef T value_type;

+

+    VmaVector(const AllocatorT& allocator) :

+        m_Allocator(allocator),

+        m_pArray(VMA_NULL),

+        m_Count(0),

+        m_Capacity(0)

+    {

+    }

+

+    VmaVector(size_t count, const AllocatorT& allocator) :

+        m_Allocator(allocator),

+        m_pArray(count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(allocator.m_pCallbacks, count) : VMA_NULL),

+        m_Count(count),

+        m_Capacity(count)

+    {

+    }

+    

+    // This version of the constructor is here for compatibility with pre-C++14 std::vector.

+    // value is unused.

+    VmaVector(size_t count, const T& value, const AllocatorT& allocator)

+        : VmaVector(count, allocator) {}

+    

+    VmaVector(const VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& src) :

+        m_Allocator(src.m_Allocator),

+        m_pArray(src.m_Count ? (T*)VmaAllocateArray<T>(src.m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, src.m_Count) : VMA_NULL),

+        m_Count(src.m_Count),

+        m_Capacity(src.m_Count)

+    {

+        if(m_Count != 0)

+        {

+            memcpy(m_pArray, src.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));

+        }

+    }

+    

+    ~VmaVector()

+    {

+        VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);

+    }

+

+    VmaVector& operator=(const VmaVector<T, AllocatorT>& rhs)

+    {

+        if(&rhs != this)

+        {

+            resize(rhs.m_Count);

+            if(m_Count != 0)

+            {

+                memcpy(m_pArray, rhs.m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));

+            }

+        }

+        return *this;

+    }

+    

+    bool empty() const { return m_Count == 0; }

+    size_t size() const { return m_Count; }

+    T* data() { return m_pArray; }

+    const T* data() const { return m_pArray; }

+    

+    T& operator[](size_t index)

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);

+        return m_pArray[index];

+    }

+    const T& operator[](size_t index) const

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);

+        return m_pArray[index];

+    }

+

+    T& front()

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        return m_pArray[0];

+    }

+    const T& front() const

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        return m_pArray[0];

+    }

+    T& back()

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        return m_pArray[m_Count - 1];

+    }

+    const T& back() const

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        return m_pArray[m_Count - 1];

+    }

+

+    void reserve(size_t newCapacity, bool freeMemory = false)

+    {

+        newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCapacity, m_Count);

+        

+        if((newCapacity < m_Capacity) && !freeMemory)

+        {

+            newCapacity = m_Capacity;

+        }

+        

+        if(newCapacity != m_Capacity)

+        {

+            T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;

+            if(m_Count != 0)

+            {

+                memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, m_Count * sizeof(T));

+            }

+            VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);

+            m_Capacity = newCapacity;

+            m_pArray = newArray;

+        }

+    }

+

+    void resize(size_t newCount, bool freeMemory = false)

+    {

+        size_t newCapacity = m_Capacity;

+        if(newCount > m_Capacity)

+        {

+            newCapacity = VMA_MAX(newCount, VMA_MAX(m_Capacity * 3 / 2, (size_t)8));

+        }

+        else if(freeMemory)

+        {

+            newCapacity = newCount;

+        }

+

+        if(newCapacity != m_Capacity)

+        {

+            T* const newArray = newCapacity ? VmaAllocateArray<T>(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, newCapacity) : VMA_NULL;

+            const size_t elementsToCopy = VMA_MIN(m_Count, newCount);

+            if(elementsToCopy != 0)

+            {

+                memcpy(newArray, m_pArray, elementsToCopy * sizeof(T));

+            }

+            VmaFree(m_Allocator.m_pCallbacks, m_pArray);

+            m_Capacity = newCapacity;

+            m_pArray = newArray;

+        }

+

+        m_Count = newCount;

+    }

+

+    void clear(bool freeMemory = false)

+    {

+        resize(0, freeMemory);

+    }

+

+    void insert(size_t index, const T& src)

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index <= m_Count);

+        const size_t oldCount = size();

+        resize(oldCount + 1);

+        if(index < oldCount)

+        {

+            memmove(m_pArray + (index + 1), m_pArray + index, (oldCount - index) * sizeof(T));

+        }

+        m_pArray[index] = src;

+    }

+

+    void remove(size_t index)

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(index < m_Count);

+        const size_t oldCount = size();

+        if(index < oldCount - 1)

+        {

+            memmove(m_pArray + index, m_pArray + (index + 1), (oldCount - index - 1) * sizeof(T));

+        }

+        resize(oldCount - 1);

+    }

+

+    void push_back(const T& src)

+    {

+        const size_t newIndex = size();

+        resize(newIndex + 1);

+        m_pArray[newIndex] = src;

+    }

+

+    void pop_back()

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        resize(size() - 1);

+    }

+

+    void push_front(const T& src)

+    {

+        insert(0, src);

+    }

+

+    void pop_front()

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+        remove(0);

+    }

+

+    typedef T* iterator;

+

+    iterator begin() { return m_pArray; }

+    iterator end() { return m_pArray + m_Count; }

+

+private:

+    AllocatorT m_Allocator;

+    T* m_pArray;

+    size_t m_Count;

+    size_t m_Capacity;

+};

+

+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>

+static void VmaVectorInsert(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index, const T& item)

+{

+    vec.insert(index, item);

+}

+

+template<typename T, typename allocatorT>

+static void VmaVectorRemove(VmaVector<T, allocatorT>& vec, size_t index)

+{

+    vec.remove(index);

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_VECTOR

+

+template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>

+size_t VmaVectorInsertSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)

+{

+    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+        vector.data(),

+        vector.data() + vector.size(),

+        value,

+        CmpLess()) - vector.data();

+    VmaVectorInsert(vector, indexToInsert, value);

+    return indexToInsert;

+}

+

+template<typename CmpLess, typename VectorT>

+bool VmaVectorRemoveSorted(VectorT& vector, const typename VectorT::value_type& value)

+{

+    CmpLess comparator;

+    typename VectorT::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+        vector.begin(),

+        vector.end(),

+        value,

+        comparator);

+    if((it != vector.end()) && !comparator(*it, value) && !comparator(value, *it))

+    {

+        size_t indexToRemove = it - vector.begin();

+        VmaVectorRemove(vector, indexToRemove);

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaPoolAllocator

+

+/*

+Allocator for objects of type T using a list of arrays (pools) to speed up

+allocation. Number of elements that can be allocated is not bounded because

+allocator can create multiple blocks.

+*/

+template<typename T>

+class VmaPoolAllocator

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPoolAllocator)

+public:

+    VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity);

+    ~VmaPoolAllocator();

+    T* Alloc();

+    void Free(T* ptr);

+

+private:

+    union Item

+    {

+        uint32_t NextFreeIndex;

+        alignas(T) char Value[sizeof(T)];

+    };

+

+    struct ItemBlock

+    {

+        Item* pItems;

+        uint32_t Capacity;

+        uint32_t FirstFreeIndex;

+    };

+    

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;

+    const uint32_t m_FirstBlockCapacity;

+    VmaVector< ItemBlock, VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock> > m_ItemBlocks;

+

+    ItemBlock& CreateNewBlock();

+};

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaPoolAllocator<T>::VmaPoolAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, uint32_t firstBlockCapacity) :

+    m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),

+    m_FirstBlockCapacity(firstBlockCapacity),

+    m_ItemBlocks(VmaStlAllocator<ItemBlock>(pAllocationCallbacks))

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_FirstBlockCapacity > 1);

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaPoolAllocator<T>::~VmaPoolAllocator()

+{

+    for(size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )

+        vma_delete_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, m_ItemBlocks[i].pItems, m_ItemBlocks[i].Capacity);

+    m_ItemBlocks.clear();

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+T* VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Alloc()

+{

+    for(size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];

+        // This block has some free items: Use first one.

+        if(block.FirstFreeIndex != UINT32_MAX)

+        {

+            Item* const pItem = &block.pItems[block.FirstFreeIndex];

+            block.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;

+            T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;

+            new(result)T(); // Explicit constructor call.

+            return result;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // No block has free item: Create new one and use it.

+    ItemBlock& newBlock = CreateNewBlock();

+    Item* const pItem = &newBlock.pItems[0];

+    newBlock.FirstFreeIndex = pItem->NextFreeIndex;

+    T* result = (T*)&pItem->Value;

+    new(result)T(); // Explicit constructor call.

+    return result;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+void VmaPoolAllocator<T>::Free(T* ptr)

+{

+    // Search all memory blocks to find ptr.

+    for(size_t i = m_ItemBlocks.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        ItemBlock& block = m_ItemBlocks[i];

+        

+        // Casting to union.

+        Item* pItemPtr;

+        memcpy(&pItemPtr, &ptr, sizeof(pItemPtr));

+        

+        // Check if pItemPtr is in address range of this block.

+        if((pItemPtr >= block.pItems) && (pItemPtr < block.pItems + block.Capacity))

+        {

+            ptr->~T(); // Explicit destructor call.

+            const uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(pItemPtr - block.pItems);

+            pItemPtr->NextFreeIndex = block.FirstFreeIndex;

+            block.FirstFreeIndex = index;

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Pointer doesn't belong to this memory pool.");

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+typename VmaPoolAllocator<T>::ItemBlock& VmaPoolAllocator<T>::CreateNewBlock()

+{

+    const uint32_t newBlockCapacity = m_ItemBlocks.empty() ?

+        m_FirstBlockCapacity : m_ItemBlocks.back().Capacity * 3 / 2;

+

+    const ItemBlock newBlock = {

+        vma_new_array(m_pAllocationCallbacks, Item, newBlockCapacity),

+        newBlockCapacity,

+        0 };

+

+    m_ItemBlocks.push_back(newBlock);

+

+    // Setup singly-linked list of all free items in this block.

+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < newBlockCapacity - 1; ++i)

+        newBlock.pItems[i].NextFreeIndex = i + 1;

+    newBlock.pItems[newBlockCapacity - 1].NextFreeIndex = UINT32_MAX;

+    return m_ItemBlocks.back();

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaRawList, VmaList

+

+#if VMA_USE_STL_LIST

+

+#define VmaList std::list

+

+#else // #if VMA_USE_STL_LIST

+

+template<typename T>

+struct VmaListItem

+{

+    VmaListItem* pPrev;

+    VmaListItem* pNext;

+    T Value;

+};

+

+// Doubly linked list.

+template<typename T>

+class VmaRawList

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaRawList)

+public:

+    typedef VmaListItem<T> ItemType;

+

+    VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

+    ~VmaRawList();

+    void Clear();

+

+    size_t GetCount() const { return m_Count; }

+    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Count == 0; }

+

+    ItemType* Front() { return m_pFront; }

+    const ItemType* Front() const { return m_pFront; }

+    ItemType* Back() { return m_pBack; }

+    const ItemType* Back() const { return m_pBack; }

+

+    ItemType* PushBack();

+    ItemType* PushFront();

+    ItemType* PushBack(const T& value);

+    ItemType* PushFront(const T& value);

+    void PopBack();

+    void PopFront();

+    

+    // Item can be null - it means PushBack.

+    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem);

+    // Item can be null - it means PushFront.

+    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem);

+

+    ItemType* InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);

+    ItemType* InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value);

+

+    void Remove(ItemType* pItem);

+

+private:

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* const m_pAllocationCallbacks;

+    VmaPoolAllocator<ItemType> m_ItemAllocator;

+    ItemType* m_pFront;

+    ItemType* m_pBack;

+    size_t m_Count;

+};

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaRawList<T>::VmaRawList(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks) :

+    m_pAllocationCallbacks(pAllocationCallbacks),

+    m_ItemAllocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 128),

+    m_pFront(VMA_NULL),

+    m_pBack(VMA_NULL),

+    m_Count(0)

+{

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaRawList<T>::~VmaRawList()

+{

+    // Intentionally not calling Clear, because that would be unnecessary

+    // computations to return all items to m_ItemAllocator as free.

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+void VmaRawList<T>::Clear()

+{

+    if(IsEmpty() == false)

+    {

+        ItemType* pItem = m_pBack;

+        while(pItem != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            ItemType* const pPrevItem = pItem->pPrev;

+            m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);

+            pItem = pPrevItem;

+        }

+        m_pFront = VMA_NULL;

+        m_pBack = VMA_NULL;

+        m_Count = 0;

+    }

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack()

+{

+    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();

+    pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;

+    if(IsEmpty())

+    {

+        pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;

+        m_pFront = pNewItem;

+        m_pBack = pNewItem;

+        m_Count = 1;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        pNewItem->pPrev = m_pBack;

+        m_pBack->pNext = pNewItem;

+        m_pBack = pNewItem;

+        ++m_Count;

+    }

+    return pNewItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront()

+{

+    ItemType* const pNewItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();

+    pNewItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;

+    if(IsEmpty())

+    {

+        pNewItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;

+        m_pFront = pNewItem;

+        m_pBack = pNewItem;

+        m_Count = 1;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        pNewItem->pNext = m_pFront;

+        m_pFront->pPrev = pNewItem;

+        m_pFront = pNewItem;

+        ++m_Count;

+    }

+    return pNewItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushBack(const T& value)

+{

+    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushBack();

+    pNewItem->Value = value;

+    return pNewItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::PushFront(const T& value)

+{

+    ItemType* const pNewItem = PushFront();

+    pNewItem->Value = value;

+    return pNewItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+void VmaRawList<T>::PopBack()

+{

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+    ItemType* const pBackItem = m_pBack;

+    ItemType* const pPrevItem = pBackItem->pPrev;

+    if(pPrevItem != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        pPrevItem->pNext = VMA_NULL;

+    }

+    m_pBack = pPrevItem;

+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pBackItem);

+    --m_Count;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+void VmaRawList<T>::PopFront()

+{

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+    ItemType* const pFrontItem = m_pFront;

+    ItemType* const pNextItem = pFrontItem->pNext;

+    if(pNextItem != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        pNextItem->pPrev = VMA_NULL;

+    }

+    m_pFront = pNextItem;

+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pFrontItem);

+    --m_Count;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+void VmaRawList<T>::Remove(ItemType* pItem)

+{

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pItem != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_Count > 0);

+

+    if(pItem->pPrev != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        pItem->pPrev->pNext = pItem->pNext;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);

+        m_pFront = pItem->pNext;

+    }

+

+    if(pItem->pNext != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        pItem->pNext->pPrev = pItem->pPrev;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);

+        m_pBack = pItem->pPrev;

+    }

+

+    m_ItemAllocator.Free(pItem);

+    --m_Count;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem)

+{

+    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        ItemType* const prevItem = pItem->pPrev;

+        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();

+        newItem->pPrev = prevItem;

+        newItem->pNext = pItem;

+        pItem->pPrev = newItem;

+        if(prevItem != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            prevItem->pNext = newItem;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pFront == pItem);

+            m_pFront = newItem;

+        }

+        ++m_Count;

+        return newItem;

+    }

+    else

+        return PushBack();

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem)

+{

+    if(pItem != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        ItemType* const nextItem = pItem->pNext;

+        ItemType* const newItem = m_ItemAllocator.Alloc();

+        newItem->pNext = nextItem;

+        newItem->pPrev = pItem;

+        pItem->pNext = newItem;

+        if(nextItem != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            nextItem->pPrev = newItem;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pBack == pItem);

+            m_pBack = newItem;

+        }

+        ++m_Count;

+        return newItem;

+    }

+    else

+        return PushFront();

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertBefore(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)

+{

+    ItemType* const newItem = InsertBefore(pItem);

+    newItem->Value = value;

+    return newItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+VmaListItem<T>* VmaRawList<T>::InsertAfter(ItemType* pItem, const T& value)

+{

+    ItemType* const newItem = InsertAfter(pItem);

+    newItem->Value = value;

+    return newItem;

+}

+

+template<typename T, typename AllocatorT>

+class VmaList

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaList)

+public:

+    class iterator

+    {

+    public:

+        iterator() :

+            m_pList(VMA_NULL),

+            m_pItem(VMA_NULL)

+        {

+        }

+

+        T& operator*() const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            return m_pItem->Value;

+        }

+        T* operator->() const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            return &m_pItem->Value;

+        }

+

+        iterator& operator++()

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;

+            return *this;

+        }

+        iterator& operator--()

+        {

+            if(m_pItem != VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());

+                m_pItem = m_pList->Back();

+            }

+            return *this;

+        }

+

+        iterator operator++(int)

+        {

+            iterator result = *this;

+            ++*this;

+            return result;

+        }

+        iterator operator--(int)

+        {

+            iterator result = *this;

+            --*this;

+            return result;

+        }

+

+        bool operator==(const iterator& rhs) const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList);

+            return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem;

+        }

+        bool operator!=(const iterator& rhs) const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList);

+            return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem;

+        }

+        

+    private:

+        VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;

+        VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;

+

+        iterator(VmaRawList<T>* pList, VmaListItem<T>* pItem) :

+            m_pList(pList),

+            m_pItem(pItem)

+        {

+        }

+

+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;

+    };

+

+    class const_iterator

+    {

+    public:

+        const_iterator() :

+            m_pList(VMA_NULL),

+            m_pItem(VMA_NULL)

+        {

+        }

+

+        const_iterator(const iterator& src) :

+            m_pList(src.m_pList),

+            m_pItem(src.m_pItem)

+        {

+        }

+        

+        const T& operator*() const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            return m_pItem->Value;

+        }

+        const T* operator->() const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            return &m_pItem->Value;

+        }

+

+        const_iterator& operator++()

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pItem != VMA_NULL);

+            m_pItem = m_pItem->pNext;

+            return *this;

+        }

+        const_iterator& operator--()

+        {

+            if(m_pItem != VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                m_pItem = m_pItem->pPrev;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(!m_pList->IsEmpty());

+                m_pItem = m_pList->Back();

+            }

+            return *this;

+        }

+

+        const_iterator operator++(int)

+        {

+            const_iterator result = *this;

+            ++*this;

+            return result;

+        }

+        const_iterator operator--(int)

+        {

+            const_iterator result = *this;

+            --*this;

+            return result;

+        }

+

+        bool operator==(const const_iterator& rhs) const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList);

+            return m_pItem == rhs.m_pItem;

+        }

+        bool operator!=(const const_iterator& rhs) const

+        {

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(m_pList == rhs.m_pList);

+            return m_pItem != rhs.m_pItem;

+        }

+        

+    private:

+        const_iterator(const VmaRawList<T>* pList, const VmaListItem<T>* pItem) :

+            m_pList(pList),

+            m_pItem(pItem)

+        {

+        }

+

+        const VmaRawList<T>* m_pList;

+        const VmaListItem<T>* m_pItem;

+

+        friend class VmaList<T, AllocatorT>;

+    };

+

+    VmaList(const AllocatorT& allocator) : m_RawList(allocator.m_pCallbacks) { }

+

+    bool empty() const { return m_RawList.IsEmpty(); }

+    size_t size() const { return m_RawList.GetCount(); }

+

+    iterator begin() { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }

+    iterator end() { return iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }

+

+    const_iterator cbegin() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.Front()); }

+    const_iterator cend() const { return const_iterator(&m_RawList, VMA_NULL); }

+

+    void clear() { m_RawList.Clear(); }

+    void push_back(const T& value) { m_RawList.PushBack(value); }

+    void erase(iterator it) { m_RawList.Remove(it.m_pItem); }

+    iterator insert(iterator it, const T& value) { return iterator(&m_RawList, m_RawList.InsertBefore(it.m_pItem, value)); }

+

+private:

+    VmaRawList<T> m_RawList;

+};

+

+#endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_LIST

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaMap

+

+// Unused in this version.

+#if 0

+

+#if VMA_USE_STL_UNORDERED_MAP

+

+#define VmaPair std::pair

+

+#define VMA_MAP_TYPE(KeyT, ValueT) \

+    std::unordered_map< KeyT, ValueT, std::hash<KeyT>, std::equal_to<KeyT>, VmaStlAllocator< std::pair<KeyT, ValueT> > >

+

+#else // #if VMA_USE_STL_UNORDERED_MAP

+

+template<typename T1, typename T2>

+struct VmaPair

+{

+    T1 first;

+    T2 second;

+

+    VmaPair() : first(), second() { }

+    VmaPair(const T1& firstSrc, const T2& secondSrc) : first(firstSrc), second(secondSrc) { }

+};

+

+/* Class compatible with subset of interface of std::unordered_map.

+KeyT, ValueT must be POD because they will be stored in VmaVector.

+*/

+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>

+class VmaMap

+{

+public:

+    typedef VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT> PairType;

+    typedef PairType* iterator;

+

+    VmaMap(const VmaStlAllocator<PairType>& allocator) : m_Vector(allocator) { }

+

+    iterator begin() { return m_Vector.begin(); }

+    iterator end() { return m_Vector.end(); }

+

+    void insert(const PairType& pair);

+    iterator find(const KeyT& key);

+    void erase(iterator it);

+    

+private:

+    VmaVector< PairType, VmaStlAllocator<PairType> > m_Vector;

+};

+

+#define VMA_MAP_TYPE(KeyT, ValueT) VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>

+

+template<typename FirstT, typename SecondT>

+struct VmaPairFirstLess

+{

+    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& rhs) const

+    {

+        return lhs.first < rhs.first;

+    }

+    bool operator()(const VmaPair<FirstT, SecondT>& lhs, const FirstT& rhsFirst) const

+    {

+        return lhs.first < rhsFirst;

+    }

+};

+

+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>

+void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::insert(const PairType& pair)

+{

+    const size_t indexToInsert = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+        m_Vector.data(),

+        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),

+        pair,

+        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>()) - m_Vector.data();

+    VmaVectorInsert(m_Vector, indexToInsert, pair);

+}

+

+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>

+VmaPair<KeyT, ValueT>* VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::find(const KeyT& key)

+{

+    PairType* it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+        m_Vector.data(),

+        m_Vector.data() + m_Vector.size(),

+        key,

+        VmaPairFirstLess<KeyT, ValueT>());

+    if((it != m_Vector.end()) && (it->first == key))

+    {

+        return it;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return m_Vector.end();

+    }

+}

+

+template<typename KeyT, typename ValueT>

+void VmaMap<KeyT, ValueT>::erase(iterator it)

+{

+    VmaVectorRemove(m_Vector, it - m_Vector.begin());

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_USE_STL_UNORDERED_MAP

+

+#endif // #if 0

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+

+class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock;

+

+enum VMA_CACHE_OPERATION { VMA_CACHE_FLUSH, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE };

+

+struct VmaAllocation_T

+{

+private:

+    static const uint8_t MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP = 0x80;

+

+    enum FLAGS

+    {

+        FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING = 0x01,

+    };

+

+public:

+    enum ALLOCATION_TYPE

+    {

+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE,

+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK,

+        ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED,

+    };

+

+    /*

+    This struct is allocated using VmaPoolAllocator.

+    */

+

+    void Ctor(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, bool userDataString)

+    {

+        m_Alignment = 1;

+        m_Size = 0;

+        m_pUserData = VMA_NULL;

+        m_LastUseFrameIndex = currentFrameIndex;

+        m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE;

+        m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN;

+        m_MapCount = 0;

+        m_Flags = userDataString ? (uint8_t)FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING : 0;

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+        m_CreationFrameIndex = currentFrameIndex;

+        m_BufferImageUsage = 0;

+#endif

+    }

+

+    void Dtor()

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) == 0 && "Allocation was not unmapped before destruction.");

+

+        // Check if owned string was freed.

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_pUserData == VMA_NULL);

+    }

+

+    void InitBlockAllocation(

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,

+        VkDeviceSize offset,

+        VkDeviceSize alignment,

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,

+        bool mapped,

+        bool canBecomeLost)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);

+        VMA_ASSERT(block != VMA_NULL);

+        m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK;

+        m_Alignment = alignment;

+        m_Size = size;

+        m_MapCount = mapped ? MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP : 0;

+        m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = block;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset = offset;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_CanBecomeLost = canBecomeLost;

+    }

+

+    void InitLost()

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_LastUseFrameIndex.load() == VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST);

+        m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = VMA_NULL;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset = 0;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_CanBecomeLost = true;

+    }

+

+    void ChangeBlockAllocation(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,

+        VkDeviceSize offset); 

+

+    void ChangeOffset(VkDeviceSize newOffset);

+

+    // pMappedData not null means allocation is created with MAPPED flag.

+    void InitDedicatedAllocation(

+        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,

+        VkDeviceMemory hMemory,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocationType,

+        void* pMappedData,

+        VkDeviceSize size)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_NONE);

+        VMA_ASSERT(hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+        m_Type = (uint8_t)ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED;

+        m_Alignment = 0;

+        m_Size = size;

+        m_SuballocationType = (uint8_t)suballocationType;

+        m_MapCount = (pMappedData != VMA_NULL) ? MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP : 0;

+        m_DedicatedAllocation.m_MemoryTypeIndex = memoryTypeIndex;

+        m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory = hMemory;

+        m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = pMappedData;

+    }

+

+    ALLOCATION_TYPE GetType() const { return (ALLOCATION_TYPE)m_Type; }

+    VkDeviceSize GetAlignment() const { return m_Alignment; }

+    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }

+    bool IsUserDataString() const { return (m_Flags & FLAG_USER_DATA_STRING) != 0; }

+    void* GetUserData() const { return m_pUserData; }

+    void SetUserData(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* pUserData);

+    VmaSuballocationType GetSuballocationType() const { return (VmaSuballocationType)m_SuballocationType; }

+

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock() const

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);

+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block;

+    }

+    VkDeviceSize GetOffset() const;

+    VkDeviceMemory GetMemory() const;

+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const;

+    bool IsPersistentMap() const { return (m_MapCount & MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0; }

+    void* GetMappedData() const;

+    bool CanBecomeLost() const;

+    

+    uint32_t GetLastUseFrameIndex() const

+    {

+        return m_LastUseFrameIndex.load();

+    }

+    bool CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(uint32_t& expected, uint32_t desired)

+    {

+        return m_LastUseFrameIndex.compare_exchange_weak(expected, desired);

+    }

+    /*

+    - If hAllocation.LastUseFrameIndex + frameInUseCount < allocator.CurrentFrameIndex,

+      makes it lost by setting LastUseFrameIndex = VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST and returns true.

+    - Else, returns false.

+    

+    If hAllocation is already lost, assert - you should not call it then.

+    If hAllocation was not created with CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT, assert.

+    */

+    bool MakeLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount);

+

+    void DedicatedAllocCalcStatsInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);

+        outInfo.blockCount = 1;

+        outInfo.allocationCount = 1;

+        outInfo.unusedRangeCount = 0;

+        outInfo.usedBytes = m_Size;

+        outInfo.unusedBytes = 0;

+        outInfo.allocationSizeMin = outInfo.allocationSizeMax = m_Size;

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;

+    }

+

+    void BlockAllocMap();

+    void BlockAllocUnmap();

+    VkResult DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData);

+    void DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    uint32_t GetCreationFrameIndex() const { return m_CreationFrameIndex; }

+    uint32_t GetBufferImageUsage() const { return m_BufferImageUsage; }

+

+    void InitBufferImageUsage(uint32_t bufferImageUsage)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_BufferImageUsage == 0);

+        m_BufferImageUsage = bufferImageUsage;

+    }

+

+    void PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;

+#endif

+

+private:

+    VkDeviceSize m_Alignment;

+    VkDeviceSize m_Size;

+    void* m_pUserData;

+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_LastUseFrameIndex;

+    uint8_t m_Type; // ALLOCATION_TYPE

+    uint8_t m_SuballocationType; // VmaSuballocationType

+    // Bit 0x80 is set when allocation was created with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT.

+    // Bits with mask 0x7F are reference counter for vmaMapMemory()/vmaUnmapMemory().

+    uint8_t m_MapCount;

+    uint8_t m_Flags; // enum FLAGS

+

+    // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.

+    struct BlockAllocation

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* m_Block;

+        VkDeviceSize m_Offset;

+        bool m_CanBecomeLost;

+    };

+

+    // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.

+    struct DedicatedAllocation

+    {

+        uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+        VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;

+        void* m_pMappedData; // Not null means memory is mapped.

+    };

+

+    union

+    {

+        // Allocation out of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.

+        BlockAllocation m_BlockAllocation;

+        // Allocation for an object that has its own private VkDeviceMemory.

+        DedicatedAllocation m_DedicatedAllocation;

+    };

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    uint32_t m_CreationFrameIndex;

+    uint32_t m_BufferImageUsage; // 0 if unknown.

+#endif

+

+    void FreeUserDataString(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+};

+

+/*

+Represents a region of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock that is either assigned and returned as

+allocated memory block or free.

+*/

+struct VmaSuballocation

+{

+    VkDeviceSize offset;

+    VkDeviceSize size;

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation;

+    VmaSuballocationType type;

+};

+

+// Comparator for offsets.

+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetLess

+{

+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const

+    {

+        return lhs.offset < rhs.offset;

+    }

+};

+struct VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater

+{

+    bool operator()(const VmaSuballocation& lhs, const VmaSuballocation& rhs) const

+    {

+        return lhs.offset > rhs.offset;

+    }

+};

+

+typedef VmaList< VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation> > VmaSuballocationList;

+

+// Cost of one additional allocation lost, as equivalent in bytes.

+static const VkDeviceSize VMA_LOST_ALLOCATION_COST = 1048576;

+

+enum class VmaAllocationRequestType

+{

+    Normal,

+    // Used by "Linear" algorithm.

+    UpperAddress,

+    EndOf1st,

+    EndOf2nd,

+};

+

+/*

+Parameters of planned allocation inside a VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.

+

+If canMakeOtherLost was false:

+- item points to a FREE suballocation.

+- itemsToMakeLostCount is 0.

+

+If canMakeOtherLost was true:

+- item points to first of sequence of suballocations, which are either FREE,

+  or point to VmaAllocations that can become lost.

+- itemsToMakeLostCount is the number of VmaAllocations that need to be made lost for

+  the requested allocation to succeed.

+*/

+struct VmaAllocationRequest

+{

+    VkDeviceSize offset;

+    VkDeviceSize sumFreeSize; // Sum size of free items that overlap with proposed allocation.

+    VkDeviceSize sumItemSize; // Sum size of items to make lost that overlap with proposed allocation.

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator item;

+    size_t itemsToMakeLostCount;

+    void* customData;

+    VmaAllocationRequestType type;

+

+    VkDeviceSize CalcCost() const

+    {

+        return sumItemSize + itemsToMakeLostCount * VMA_LOST_ALLOCATION_COST;

+    }

+};

+

+/*

+Data structure used for bookkeeping of allocations and unused ranges of memory

+in a single VkDeviceMemory block.

+*/

+class VmaBlockMetadata

+{

+public:

+    VmaBlockMetadata(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata() { }

+    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size) { m_Size = size; }

+

+    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.

+    virtual bool Validate() const = 0;

+    VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_Size; }

+    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const = 0;

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const = 0;

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const = 0;

+    // Returns true if this block is empty - contains only single free suballocation.

+    virtual bool IsEmpty() const = 0;

+

+    virtual void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const = 0;

+    // Shouldn't modify blockCount.

+    virtual void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const = 0;

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const = 0;

+#endif

+

+    // Tries to find a place for suballocation with given parameters inside this block.

+    // If succeeded, fills pAllocationRequest and returns true.

+    // If failed, returns false.

+    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        bool upperAddress,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        // Always one of VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_* or VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_* flags.

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) = 0;

+

+    virtual bool MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest) = 0;

+

+    virtual uint32_t MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount) = 0;

+

+    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) = 0;

+

+    // Makes actual allocation based on request. Request must already be checked and valid.

+    virtual void Alloc(

+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+        VmaSuballocationType type,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation) = 0;

+

+    // Frees suballocation assigned to given memory region.

+    virtual void Free(const VmaAllocation allocation) = 0;

+    virtual void FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset) = 0;

+

+protected:

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const { return m_pAllocationCallbacks; }

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    void PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+        VkDeviceSize unusedBytes,

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        size_t unusedRangeCount) const;

+    void PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+        VkDeviceSize offset,

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation) const;

+    void PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+        VkDeviceSize offset,

+        VkDeviceSize size) const;

+    void PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;

+#endif

+

+private:

+    VkDeviceSize m_Size;

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* m_pAllocationCallbacks;

+};

+

+#define VMA_VALIDATE(cond) do { if(!(cond)) { \

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Validation failed: " #cond); \

+        return false; \

+    } } while(false)

+

+class VmaBlockMetadata_Generic : public VmaBlockMetadata

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)

+public:

+    VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Generic();

+    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size);

+

+    virtual bool Validate() const;

+    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const { return m_Suballocations.size() - m_FreeCount; }

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const { return m_SumFreeSize; }

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const;

+    virtual bool IsEmpty() const;

+

+    virtual void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const;

+    virtual void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const;

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;

+#endif

+

+    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        bool upperAddress,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual bool MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual uint32_t MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount);

+

+    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData);

+

+    virtual void Alloc(

+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+        VmaSuballocationType type,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    virtual void Free(const VmaAllocation allocation);

+    virtual void FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset);

+

+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+    // For defragmentation

+    

+    bool IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VmaSuballocationType& inOutPrevSuballocType) const;

+

+private:

+    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;

+    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast;

+

+    uint32_t m_FreeCount;

+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;

+    VmaSuballocationList m_Suballocations;

+    // Suballocations that are free and have size greater than certain threshold.

+    // Sorted by size, ascending.

+    VmaVector< VmaSuballocationList::iterator, VmaStlAllocator< VmaSuballocationList::iterator > > m_FreeSuballocationsBySize;

+

+    bool ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const;

+

+    // Checks if requested suballocation with given parameters can be placed in given pFreeSuballocItem.

+    // If yes, fills pOffset and returns true. If no, returns false.

+    bool CheckAllocation(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        VkDeviceSize* pOffset,

+        size_t* itemsToMakeLostCount,

+        VkDeviceSize* pSumFreeSize,

+        VkDeviceSize* pSumItemSize) const;

+    // Given free suballocation, it merges it with following one, which must also be free.

+    void MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);

+    // Releases given suballocation, making it free.

+    // Merges it with adjacent free suballocations if applicable.

+    // Returns iterator to new free suballocation at this place.

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem);

+    // Given free suballocation, it inserts it into sorted list of

+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it's suitable.

+    void RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);

+    // Given free suballocation, it removes it from sorted list of

+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize if it's suitable.

+    void UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item);

+};

+

+/*

+Allocations and their references in internal data structure look like this:

+

+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY):

+

+        0 +-------+

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]

+          +-------+

+          |  ...  |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]

+          +-------+

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          |       |

+GetSize() +-------+

+

+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER):

+

+        0 +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[0]

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[1]

+          +-------+

+          |  ...  |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]

+          +-------+

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]

+          +-------+

+          |  ...  |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]

+          +-------+

+          |       |

+GetSize() +-------+

+

+if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK):

+

+        0 +-------+

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount]

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + 1]

+          +-------+

+          |  ...  |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  1st[1st.size() - 1]

+          +-------+

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          |       |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[2nd.size() - 1]

+          +-------+

+          |  ...  |

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[1]

+          +-------+

+          | Alloc |  2nd[0]

+GetSize() +-------+

+

+*/

+class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear : public VmaBlockMetadata

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)

+public:

+    VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Linear();

+    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size);

+

+    virtual bool Validate() const;

+    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const;

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const { return m_SumFreeSize; }

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const;

+    virtual bool IsEmpty() const { return GetAllocationCount() == 0; }

+

+    virtual void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const;

+    virtual void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const;

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;

+#endif

+

+    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        bool upperAddress,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual bool MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual uint32_t MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount);

+

+    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData);

+

+    virtual void Alloc(

+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+        VmaSuballocationType type,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    virtual void Free(const VmaAllocation allocation);

+    virtual void FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset);

+

+private:

+    /*

+    There are two suballocation vectors, used in ping-pong way.

+    The one with index m_1stVectorIndex is called 1st.

+    The one with index (m_1stVectorIndex ^ 1) is called 2nd.

+    2nd can be non-empty only when 1st is not empty.

+    When 2nd is not empty, m_2ndVectorMode indicates its mode of operation.

+    */

+    typedef VmaVector< VmaSuballocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation> > SuballocationVectorType;

+

+    enum SECOND_VECTOR_MODE

+    {

+        SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY,

+        /*

+        Suballocations in 2nd vector are created later than the ones in 1st, but they

+        all have smaller offset.

+        */

+        SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER,

+        /*

+        Suballocations in 2nd vector are upper side of double stack.

+        They all have offsets higher than those in 1st vector.

+        Top of this stack means smaller offsets, but higher indices in this vector.

+        */

+        SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK,

+    };

+

+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;

+    SuballocationVectorType m_Suballocations0, m_Suballocations1;

+    uint32_t m_1stVectorIndex;

+    SECOND_VECTOR_MODE m_2ndVectorMode;

+

+    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }

+    SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }

+    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations1st() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations1 : m_Suballocations0; }

+    const SuballocationVectorType& AccessSuballocations2nd() const { return m_1stVectorIndex ? m_Suballocations0 : m_Suballocations1; }

+    

+    // Number of items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null at the beginning.

+    size_t m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    // Number of other items in 1st vector with hAllocation = null somewhere in the middle.

+    size_t m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+    // Number of items in 2nd vector with hAllocation = null.

+    size_t m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+

+    bool ShouldCompact1st() const;

+    void CleanupAfterFree();

+

+    bool CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+    bool CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+};

+

+/*

+- GetSize() is the original size of allocated memory block.

+- m_UsableSize is this size aligned down to a power of two.

+  All allocations and calculations happen relative to m_UsableSize.

+- GetUnusableSize() is the difference between them.

+  It is repoted as separate, unused range, not available for allocations.

+

+Node at level 0 has size = m_UsableSize.

+Each next level contains nodes with size 2 times smaller than current level.

+m_LevelCount is the maximum number of levels to use in the current object.

+*/

+class VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy : public VmaBlockMetadata

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)

+public:

+    VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+    virtual ~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy();

+    virtual void Init(VkDeviceSize size);

+

+    virtual bool Validate() const;

+    virtual size_t GetAllocationCount() const { return m_AllocationCount; }

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetSumFreeSize() const { return m_SumFreeSize + GetUnusableSize(); }

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const;

+    virtual bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Root->type == Node::TYPE_FREE; }

+

+    virtual void CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const;

+    virtual void AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const;

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    virtual void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const;

+#endif

+

+    virtual bool CreateAllocationRequest(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+        bool upperAddress,

+        VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+        bool canMakeOtherLost,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual bool MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest);

+

+    virtual uint32_t MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount);

+

+    virtual VkResult CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData) { return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT; }

+

+    virtual void Alloc(

+        const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+        VmaSuballocationType type,

+        VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    virtual void Free(const VmaAllocation allocation) { FreeAtOffset(allocation, allocation->GetOffset()); }

+    virtual void FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset) { FreeAtOffset(VMA_NULL, offset); }

+

+private:

+    static const VkDeviceSize MIN_NODE_SIZE = 32;

+    static const size_t MAX_LEVELS = 30;

+

+    struct ValidationContext

+    {

+        size_t calculatedAllocationCount;

+        size_t calculatedFreeCount;

+        VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize;

+

+        ValidationContext() :

+            calculatedAllocationCount(0),

+            calculatedFreeCount(0),

+            calculatedSumFreeSize(0) { }

+    };

+

+    struct Node

+    {

+        VkDeviceSize offset;

+        enum TYPE

+        {

+            TYPE_FREE,

+            TYPE_ALLOCATION,

+            TYPE_SPLIT,

+            TYPE_COUNT

+        } type;

+        Node* parent;

+        Node* buddy;

+

+        union

+        {

+            struct

+            {

+                Node* prev;

+                Node* next;

+            } free;

+            struct

+            {

+                VmaAllocation alloc;

+            } allocation;

+            struct

+            {

+                Node* leftChild;

+            } split;

+        };

+    };

+

+    // Size of the memory block aligned down to a power of two.

+    VkDeviceSize m_UsableSize;

+    uint32_t m_LevelCount;

+

+    Node* m_Root;

+    struct {

+        Node* front;

+        Node* back;

+    } m_FreeList[MAX_LEVELS];

+    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_ALLOCATION.

+    size_t m_AllocationCount;

+    // Number of nodes in the tree with type == TYPE_FREE.

+    size_t m_FreeCount;

+    // This includes space wasted due to internal fragmentation. Doesn't include unusable size.

+    VkDeviceSize m_SumFreeSize;

+

+    VkDeviceSize GetUnusableSize() const { return GetSize() - m_UsableSize; }

+    void DeleteNode(Node* node);

+    bool ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;

+    uint32_t AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const;

+    inline VkDeviceSize LevelToNodeSize(uint32_t level) const { return m_UsableSize >> level; }

+    // Alloc passed just for validation. Can be null.

+    void FreeAtOffset(VmaAllocation alloc, VkDeviceSize offset);

+    void CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(VmaStatInfo& outInfo, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;

+    // Adds node to the front of FreeList at given level.

+    // node->type must be FREE.

+    // node->free.prev, next can be undefined.

+    void AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node);

+    // Removes node from FreeList at given level.

+    // node->type must be FREE.

+    // node->free.prev, next stay untouched.

+    void RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node);

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    void PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const;

+#endif

+};

+

+/*

+Represents a single block of device memory (`VkDeviceMemory`) with all the

+data about its regions (aka suballocations, #VmaAllocation), assigned and free.

+

+Thread-safety: This class must be externally synchronized.

+*/

+class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)

+public:

+    VmaBlockMetadata* m_pMetadata;

+

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+

+    ~VmaDeviceMemoryBlock()

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_MapCount == 0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being destroyed while it is still mapped.");

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    }

+

+    // Always call after construction.

+    void Init(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaPool hParentPool,

+        uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,

+        VkDeviceMemory newMemory,

+        VkDeviceSize newSize,

+        uint32_t id,

+        uint32_t algorithm);

+    // Always call before destruction.

+    void Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator);

+    

+    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }

+    VkDeviceMemory GetDeviceMemory() const { return m_hMemory; }

+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }

+    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }

+    void* GetMappedData() const { return m_pMappedData; }

+

+    // Validates all data structures inside this object. If not valid, returns false.

+    bool Validate() const;

+

+    VkResult CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator);

+

+    // ppData can be null.

+    VkResult Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData);

+    void Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count);

+

+    VkResult WriteMagicValueAroundAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);

+    VkResult ValidateMagicValueAroundAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize);

+

+    VkResult BindBufferMemory(

+        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+        VkBuffer hBuffer,

+        const void* pNext);

+    VkResult BindImageMemory(

+        const VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        const VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+        VkImage hImage,

+        const void* pNext);

+

+private:

+    VmaPool m_hParentPool; // VK_NULL_HANDLE if not belongs to custom pool.

+    uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+    uint32_t m_Id;

+    VkDeviceMemory m_hMemory;

+

+    /*

+    Protects access to m_hMemory so it's not used by multiple threads simultaneously, e.g. vkMapMemory, vkBindBufferMemory.

+    Also protects m_MapCount, m_pMappedData.

+    Allocations, deallocations, any change in m_pMetadata is protected by parent's VmaBlockVector::m_Mutex.

+    */

+    VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;

+    uint32_t m_MapCount;

+    void* m_pMappedData;

+};

+

+struct VmaPointerLess

+{

+    bool operator()(const void* lhs, const void* rhs) const

+    {

+        return lhs < rhs;

+    }

+};

+

+struct VmaDefragmentationMove

+{

+    size_t srcBlockIndex;

+    size_t dstBlockIndex;

+    VkDeviceSize srcOffset;

+    VkDeviceSize dstOffset;

+    VkDeviceSize size;

+};

+

+class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm;

+

+/*

+Sequence of VmaDeviceMemoryBlock. Represents memory blocks allocated for a specific

+Vulkan memory type.

+

+Synchronized internally with a mutex.

+*/

+struct VmaBlockVector

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockVector)

+public:

+    VmaBlockVector(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaPool hParentPool,

+        uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,

+        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,

+        size_t minBlockCount,

+        size_t maxBlockCount,

+        VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+        uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+        bool isCustomPool,

+        bool explicitBlockSize,

+        uint32_t algorithm);

+    ~VmaBlockVector();

+

+    VkResult CreateMinBlocks();

+

+    VmaPool GetParentPool() const { return m_hParentPool; }

+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeIndex() const { return m_MemoryTypeIndex; }

+    VkDeviceSize GetPreferredBlockSize() const { return m_PreferredBlockSize; }

+    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const { return m_BufferImageGranularity; }

+    uint32_t GetFrameInUseCount() const { return m_FrameInUseCount; }

+    uint32_t GetAlgorithm() const { return m_Algorithm; }

+

+    void GetPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* pStats);

+

+    bool IsEmpty() const { return m_Blocks.empty(); }

+    bool IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const;

+

+    VkResult Allocate(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VkDeviceSize alignment,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+    void Free(

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    // Adds statistics of this BlockVector to pStats.

+    void AddStats(VmaStats* pStats);

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);

+#endif

+

+    void MakePoolAllocationsLost(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        size_t* pLostAllocationCount);

+    VkResult CheckCorruption();

+

+    // Saves results in pCtx->res.

+    void Defragment(

+        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,

+        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+        VkDeviceSize& maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+        VkDeviceSize& maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);

+    void DefragmentationEnd(

+        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,

+        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);

+

+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+    // To be used only while the m_Mutex is locked. Used during defragmentation.

+

+    size_t GetBlockCount() const { return m_Blocks.size(); }

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* GetBlock(size_t index) const { return m_Blocks[index]; }

+    size_t CalcAllocationCount() const;

+    bool IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible() const;

+

+private:

+    friend class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic;

+

+    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;

+    const VmaPool m_hParentPool;

+    const uint32_t m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+    const VkDeviceSize m_PreferredBlockSize;

+    const size_t m_MinBlockCount;

+    const size_t m_MaxBlockCount;

+    const VkDeviceSize m_BufferImageGranularity;

+    const uint32_t m_FrameInUseCount;

+    const bool m_IsCustomPool;

+    const bool m_ExplicitBlockSize;

+    const uint32_t m_Algorithm;

+    /* There can be at most one allocation that is completely empty - a

+    hysteresis to avoid pessimistic case of alternating creation and destruction

+    of a VkDeviceMemory. */

+    bool m_HasEmptyBlock;

+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_Mutex;

+    // Incrementally sorted by sumFreeSize, ascending.

+    VmaVector< VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*> > m_Blocks;

+    uint32_t m_NextBlockId;

+

+    VkDeviceSize CalcMaxBlockSize() const;

+

+    // Finds and removes given block from vector.

+    void Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock);

+

+    // Performs single step in sorting m_Blocks. They may not be fully sorted

+    // after this call.

+    void IncrementallySortBlocks();

+

+    VkResult AllocatePage(

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VkDeviceSize alignment,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);

+

+    // To be used only without CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST flag.

+    VkResult AllocateFromBlock(

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VkDeviceSize alignment,

+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,

+        void* pUserData,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        uint32_t strategy,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);

+

+    VkResult CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex);

+

+    // Saves result to pCtx->res.

+    void ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(

+        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,

+        const VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves);

+    // Saves result to pCtx->res.

+    void ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(

+        class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,

+        const VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);

+

+    /*

+    Used during defragmentation. pDefragmentationStats is optional. It's in/out

+    - updated with new data.

+    */

+    void FreeEmptyBlocks(VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats);

+};

+

+struct VmaPool_T

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaPool_T)

+public:

+    VmaBlockVector m_BlockVector;

+

+    VmaPool_T(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize);

+    ~VmaPool_T();

+

+    uint32_t GetId() const { return m_Id; }

+    void SetId(uint32_t id) { VMA_ASSERT(m_Id == 0); m_Id = id; }

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    //void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaStringBuilder& sb);

+#endif

+

+private:

+    uint32_t m_Id;

+};

+

+/*

+Performs defragmentation:

+

+- Updates `pBlockVector->m_pMetadata`.

+- Updates allocations by calling ChangeBlockAllocation() or ChangeOffset().

+- Does not move actual data, only returns requested moves as `moves`.

+*/

+class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm)

+public:

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex) :

+        m_hAllocator(hAllocator),

+        m_pBlockVector(pBlockVector),

+        m_CurrentFrameIndex(currentFrameIndex)

+    {

+    }

+    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm()

+    {

+    }

+

+    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) = 0;

+    virtual void AddAll() = 0;

+

+    virtual VkResult Defragment(

+        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove) = 0;

+

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const = 0;

+    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const = 0;

+

+protected:

+    VmaAllocator const m_hAllocator;

+    VmaBlockVector* const m_pBlockVector;

+    const uint32_t m_CurrentFrameIndex;

+

+    struct AllocationInfo

+    {

+        VmaAllocation m_hAllocation;

+        VkBool32* m_pChanged;

+

+        AllocationInfo() :

+            m_hAllocation(VK_NULL_HANDLE),

+            m_pChanged(VMA_NULL)

+        {

+        }

+        AllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) :

+            m_hAllocation(hAlloc),

+            m_pChanged(pChanged)

+        {

+        }

+    };

+};

+

+class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic : public VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic)

+public:

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        bool overlappingMoveSupported);

+    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic();

+

+    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged);

+    virtual void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }

+

+    virtual VkResult Defragment(

+        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove);

+

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const { return m_BytesMoved; }

+    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const { return m_AllocationsMoved; }

+

+private:

+    uint32_t m_AllocationCount;

+    bool m_AllAllocations;

+

+    VkDeviceSize m_BytesMoved;

+    uint32_t m_AllocationsMoved;

+

+    struct AllocationInfoSizeGreater

+    {

+        bool operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const

+        {

+            return lhs.m_hAllocation->GetSize() > rhs.m_hAllocation->GetSize();

+        }

+    };

+

+    struct AllocationInfoOffsetGreater

+    {

+        bool operator()(const AllocationInfo& lhs, const AllocationInfo& rhs) const

+        {

+            return lhs.m_hAllocation->GetOffset() > rhs.m_hAllocation->GetOffset();

+        }

+    };

+

+    struct BlockInfo

+    {

+        size_t m_OriginalBlockIndex;

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* m_pBlock;

+        bool m_HasNonMovableAllocations;

+        VmaVector< AllocationInfo, VmaStlAllocator<AllocationInfo> > m_Allocations;

+

+        BlockInfo(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks) :

+            m_OriginalBlockIndex(SIZE_MAX),

+            m_pBlock(VMA_NULL),

+            m_HasNonMovableAllocations(true),

+            m_Allocations(pAllocationCallbacks)

+        {

+        }

+

+        void CalcHasNonMovableAllocations()

+        {

+            const size_t blockAllocCount = m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationCount();

+            const size_t defragmentAllocCount = m_Allocations.size();

+            m_HasNonMovableAllocations = blockAllocCount != defragmentAllocCount;

+        }

+

+        void SortAllocationsBySizeDescending()

+        {

+            VMA_SORT(m_Allocations.begin(), m_Allocations.end(), AllocationInfoSizeGreater());

+        }

+

+        void SortAllocationsByOffsetDescending()

+        {

+            VMA_SORT(m_Allocations.begin(), m_Allocations.end(), AllocationInfoOffsetGreater());

+        }

+    };

+

+    struct BlockPointerLess

+    {

+        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pRhsBlock) const

+        {

+            return pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock < pRhsBlock;

+        }

+        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const

+        {

+            return pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock < pRhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock;

+        }

+    };

+

+    // 1. Blocks with some non-movable allocations go first.

+    // 2. Blocks with smaller sumFreeSize go first.

+    struct BlockInfoCompareMoveDestination

+    {

+        bool operator()(const BlockInfo* pLhsBlockInfo, const BlockInfo* pRhsBlockInfo) const

+        {

+            if(pLhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations && !pRhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)

+            {

+                return true;

+            }

+            if(!pLhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations && pRhsBlockInfo->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)

+            {

+                return false;

+            }

+            if(pLhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() < pRhsBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize())

+            {

+                return true;

+            }

+            return false;

+        }

+    };

+

+    typedef VmaVector< BlockInfo*, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo*> > BlockInfoVector;

+    BlockInfoVector m_Blocks;

+

+    VkResult DefragmentRound(

+        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove);

+

+    size_t CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount() const;

+

+    static bool MoveMakesSense(

+        size_t dstBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize dstOffset,

+        size_t srcBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize srcOffset);

+};

+

+class VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast : public VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast)

+public:

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+        uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+        bool overlappingMoveSupported);

+    virtual ~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast();

+

+    virtual void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged) { ++m_AllocationCount; }

+    virtual void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }

+

+    virtual VkResult Defragment(

+        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+        VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+        uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove);

+

+    virtual VkDeviceSize GetBytesMoved() const { return m_BytesMoved; }

+    virtual uint32_t GetAllocationsMoved() const { return m_AllocationsMoved; }

+

+private:

+    struct BlockInfo

+    {

+        size_t origBlockIndex;

+    };

+

+    class FreeSpaceDatabase

+    {

+    public:

+        FreeSpaceDatabase()

+        {

+            FreeSpace s = {};

+            s.blockInfoIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+            for(size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)

+            {

+                m_FreeSpaces[i] = s;

+            }

+        }

+

+        void Register(size_t blockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)

+        {

+            if(size < VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+            {

+                return;

+            }

+

+            // Find first invalid or the smallest structure.

+            size_t bestIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+            for(size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)

+            {

+                // Empty structure.

+                if(m_FreeSpaces[i].blockInfoIndex == SIZE_MAX)

+                {

+                    bestIndex = i;

+                    break;

+                }

+                if(m_FreeSpaces[i].size < size &&

+                    (bestIndex == SIZE_MAX || m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size > m_FreeSpaces[i].size))

+                {

+                    bestIndex = i;

+                }

+            }

+

+            if(bestIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].blockInfoIndex = blockInfoIndex;

+                m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset = offset;

+                m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size = size;

+            }

+        }

+

+        bool Fetch(VkDeviceSize alignment, VkDeviceSize size,

+            size_t& outBlockInfoIndex, VkDeviceSize& outDstOffset)

+        {

+            size_t bestIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+            VkDeviceSize bestFreeSpaceAfter = 0;

+            for(size_t i = 0; i < MAX_COUNT; ++i)

+            {

+                // Structure is valid.

+                if(m_FreeSpaces[i].blockInfoIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+                {

+                    const VkDeviceSize dstOffset = VmaAlignUp(m_FreeSpaces[i].offset, alignment);

+                    // Allocation fits into this structure.

+                    if(dstOffset + size <= m_FreeSpaces[i].offset + m_FreeSpaces[i].size)

+                    {

+                        const VkDeviceSize freeSpaceAfter = (m_FreeSpaces[i].offset + m_FreeSpaces[i].size) -

+                            (dstOffset + size);

+                        if(bestIndex == SIZE_MAX || freeSpaceAfter > bestFreeSpaceAfter)

+                        {

+                            bestIndex = i;

+                            bestFreeSpaceAfter = freeSpaceAfter;

+                        }

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+            

+            if(bestIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                outBlockInfoIndex = m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].blockInfoIndex;

+                outDstOffset = VmaAlignUp(m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset, alignment);

+

+                if(bestFreeSpaceAfter >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+                {

+                    // Leave this structure for remaining empty space.

+                    const VkDeviceSize alignmentPlusSize = (outDstOffset - m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset) + size;

+                    m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].offset += alignmentPlusSize;

+                    m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].size -= alignmentPlusSize;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    // This structure becomes invalid.

+                    m_FreeSpaces[bestIndex].blockInfoIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+                }

+

+                return true;

+            }

+

+            return false;

+        }

+

+    private:

+        static const size_t MAX_COUNT = 4;

+

+        struct FreeSpace

+        {

+            size_t blockInfoIndex; // SIZE_MAX means this structure is invalid.

+            VkDeviceSize offset;

+            VkDeviceSize size;

+        } m_FreeSpaces[MAX_COUNT];

+    };

+

+    const bool m_OverlappingMoveSupported;

+

+    uint32_t m_AllocationCount;

+    bool m_AllAllocations;

+

+    VkDeviceSize m_BytesMoved;

+    uint32_t m_AllocationsMoved;

+

+    VmaVector< BlockInfo, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo> > m_BlockInfos;

+

+    void PreprocessMetadata();

+    void PostprocessMetadata();

+    void InsertSuballoc(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata, const VmaSuballocation& suballoc);

+};

+

+struct VmaBlockDefragmentationContext

+{

+    enum BLOCK_FLAG

+    {

+        BLOCK_FLAG_USED = 0x00000001,

+    };

+    uint32_t flags;

+    VkBuffer hBuffer;

+};

+

+class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)

+public:

+    VkResult res;

+    bool mutexLocked;

+    VmaVector< VmaBlockDefragmentationContext, VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockDefragmentationContext> > blockContexts;

+

+    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        VmaPool hCustomPool, // Optional.

+        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+        uint32_t currFrameIndex);

+    ~VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext();

+

+    VmaPool GetCustomPool() const { return m_hCustomPool; }

+    VmaBlockVector* GetBlockVector() const { return m_pBlockVector; }

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm* GetAlgorithm() const { return m_pAlgorithm; }

+

+    void AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged);

+    void AddAll() { m_AllAllocations = true; }

+

+    void Begin(bool overlappingMoveSupported);

+

+private:

+    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;

+    // Null if not from custom pool.

+    const VmaPool m_hCustomPool;

+    // Redundant, for convenience not to fetch from m_hCustomPool->m_BlockVector or m_hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors.

+    VmaBlockVector* const m_pBlockVector;

+    const uint32_t m_CurrFrameIndex;

+    // Owner of this object.

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm* m_pAlgorithm;

+

+    struct AllocInfo

+    {

+        VmaAllocation hAlloc;

+        VkBool32* pChanged;

+    };

+    // Used between constructor and Begin.

+    VmaVector< AllocInfo, VmaStlAllocator<AllocInfo> > m_Allocations;

+    bool m_AllAllocations;

+};

+

+struct VmaDefragmentationContext_T

+{

+private:

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaDefragmentationContext_T)

+public:

+    VmaDefragmentationContext_T(

+        VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+        uint32_t currFrameIndex,

+        uint32_t flags,

+        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);

+    ~VmaDefragmentationContext_T();

+

+    void AddPools(uint32_t poolCount, VmaPool* pPools);

+    void AddAllocations(

+        uint32_t allocationCount,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+        VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged);

+

+    /*

+    Returns:

+    - `VK_SUCCESS` if succeeded and object can be destroyed immediately.

+    - `VK_NOT_READY` if succeeded but the object must remain alive until vmaDefragmentationEnd().

+    - Negative value if error occured and object can be destroyed immediately.

+    */

+    VkResult Defragment(

+        VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+        VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats);

+

+private:

+    const VmaAllocator m_hAllocator;

+    const uint32_t m_CurrFrameIndex;

+    const uint32_t m_Flags;

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* const m_pStats;

+    // Owner of these objects.

+    VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* m_DefaultPoolContexts[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];

+    // Owner of these objects.

+    VmaVector< VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*, VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*> > m_CustomPoolContexts;

+};

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+

+class VmaRecorder

+{

+public:

+    VmaRecorder();

+    VkResult Init(const VmaRecordSettings& settings, bool useMutex);

+    void WriteConfiguration(

+        const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties& devProps,

+        const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& memProps,

+        bool dedicatedAllocationExtensionEnabled,

+        bool bindMemory2ExtensionEnabled);

+    ~VmaRecorder();

+

+    void RecordCreateAllocator(uint32_t frameIndex);

+    void RecordDestroyAllocator(uint32_t frameIndex);

+    void RecordCreatePool(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaPool pool);

+    void RecordDestroyPool(uint32_t frameIndex, VmaPool pool);

+    void RecordAllocateMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordAllocateMemoryPages(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        uint64_t allocationCount,

+        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+    void RecordAllocateMemoryForBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordAllocateMemoryForImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordFreeMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordFreeMemoryPages(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        uint64_t allocationCount,

+        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+    void RecordSetAllocationUserData(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation,

+        const void* pUserData);

+    void RecordCreateLostAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordMapMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordUnmapMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordFlushAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);

+    void RecordInvalidateAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size);

+    void RecordCreateBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkBufferCreateInfo& bufCreateInfo,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& allocCreateInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordCreateImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkImageCreateInfo& imageCreateInfo,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& allocCreateInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordDestroyBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordDestroyImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordTouchAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordGetAllocationInfo(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaAllocation allocation);

+    void RecordMakePoolAllocationsLost(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaPool pool);

+    void RecordDefragmentationBegin(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,

+        VmaDefragmentationContext ctx);

+    void RecordDefragmentationEnd(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        VmaDefragmentationContext ctx);

+

+private:

+    struct CallParams

+    {

+        uint32_t threadId;

+        double time;

+    };

+

+    class UserDataString

+    {

+    public:

+        UserDataString(VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags, const void* pUserData);

+        const char* GetString() const { return m_Str; }

+

+    private:

+        char m_PtrStr[17];

+        const char* m_Str;

+    };

+

+    bool m_UseMutex;

+    VmaRecordFlags m_Flags;

+    FILE* m_File;

+    VMA_MUTEX m_FileMutex;

+    int64_t m_Freq;

+    int64_t m_StartCounter;

+

+    void GetBasicParams(CallParams& outParams);

+

+    // T must be a pointer type, e.g. VmaAllocation, VmaPool.

+    template<typename T>

+    void PrintPointerList(uint64_t count, const T* pItems)

+    {

+        if(count)

+        {

+            fprintf(m_File, "%p", pItems[0]);

+            for(uint64_t i = 1; i < count; ++i)

+            {

+                fprintf(m_File, " %p", pItems[i]);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    void PrintPointerList(uint64_t count, const VmaAllocation* pItems);

+    void Flush();

+};

+

+#endif // #if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+

+/*

+Thread-safe wrapper over VmaPoolAllocator free list, for allocation of VmaAllocation_T objects.

+*/

+class VmaAllocationObjectAllocator

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocationObjectAllocator)

+public:

+    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

+

+    VmaAllocation Allocate();

+    void Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc);

+

+private:

+    VMA_MUTEX m_Mutex;

+    VmaPoolAllocator<VmaAllocation_T> m_Allocator;

+};

+

+// Main allocator object.

+struct VmaAllocator_T

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaAllocator_T)

+public:

+    bool m_UseMutex;

+    bool m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation;

+    bool m_UseKhrBindMemory2;

+    VkDevice m_hDevice;

+    bool m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified;

+    VkAllocationCallbacks m_AllocationCallbacks;

+    VmaDeviceMemoryCallbacks m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks;

+    VmaAllocationObjectAllocator m_AllocationObjectAllocator;

+    

+    // Number of bytes free out of limit, or VK_WHOLE_SIZE if no limit for that heap.

+    VkDeviceSize m_HeapSizeLimit[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];

+    VMA_MUTEX m_HeapSizeLimitMutex;

+

+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;

+    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties m_MemProps;

+

+    // Default pools.

+    VmaBlockVector* m_pBlockVectors[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];

+

+    // Each vector is sorted by memory (handle value).

+    typedef VmaVector< VmaAllocation, VmaStlAllocator<VmaAllocation> > AllocationVectorType;

+    AllocationVectorType* m_pDedicatedAllocations[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];

+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_DedicatedAllocationsMutex[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];

+

+    VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);

+    VkResult Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo);

+    ~VmaAllocator_T();

+

+    const VkAllocationCallbacks* GetAllocationCallbacks() const

+    {

+        return m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified ? &m_AllocationCallbacks : 0;

+    }

+    const VmaVulkanFunctions& GetVulkanFunctions() const

+    {

+        return m_VulkanFunctions;

+    }

+

+    VkDeviceSize GetBufferImageGranularity() const

+    {

+        return VMA_MAX(

+            static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY),

+            m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity);

+    }

+

+    uint32_t GetMemoryHeapCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryHeapCount; }

+    uint32_t GetMemoryTypeCount() const { return m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount; }

+

+    uint32_t MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(memTypeIndex < m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount);

+        return m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].heapIndex;

+    }

+    // True when specific memory type is HOST_VISIBLE but not HOST_COHERENT.

+    bool IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const

+    {

+        return (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) ==

+            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;

+    }

+    // Minimum alignment for all allocations in specific memory type.

+    VkDeviceSize GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(uint32_t memTypeIndex) const

+    {

+        return IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex) ?

+            VMA_MAX((VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT, m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize) :

+            (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT;

+    }

+

+    bool IsIntegratedGpu() const

+    {

+        return m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU;

+    }

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    VmaRecorder* GetRecorder() const { return m_pRecorder; }

+#endif

+

+    void GetBufferMemoryRequirements(

+        VkBuffer hBuffer,

+        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,

+        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;

+    void GetImageMemoryRequirements(

+        VkImage hImage,

+        VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,

+        bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const;

+

+    // Main allocation function.

+    VkResult AllocateMemory(

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+        VkImage dedicatedImage,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+    // Main deallocation function.

+    void FreeMemory(

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        const VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+    VkResult ResizeAllocation(

+        const VmaAllocation alloc,

+        VkDeviceSize newSize);

+

+    void CalculateStats(VmaStats* pStats);

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+    void PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json);

+#endif

+

+    VkResult DefragmentationBegin(

+        const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,

+        VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+        VmaDefragmentationContext* pContext);

+    VkResult DefragmentationEnd(

+        VmaDefragmentationContext context);

+

+    void GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo);

+    bool TouchAllocation(VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    VkResult CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool);

+    void DestroyPool(VmaPool pool);

+    void GetPoolStats(VmaPool pool, VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats);

+

+    void SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex);

+    uint32_t GetCurrentFrameIndex() const { return m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(); }

+

+    void MakePoolAllocationsLost(

+        VmaPool hPool,

+        size_t* pLostAllocationCount);

+    VkResult CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool);

+    VkResult CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits);

+

+    void CreateLostAllocation(VmaAllocation* pAllocation);

+

+    // Call to Vulkan function vkAllocateMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.

+    VkResult AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory);

+    // Call to Vulkan function vkFreeMemory with accompanying bookkeeping.

+    void FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory);

+    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindBufferMemory or vkBindBufferMemory2KHR.

+    VkResult BindVulkanBuffer(

+        VkDeviceMemory memory,

+        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,

+        VkBuffer buffer,

+        const void* pNext);

+    // Call to Vulkan function vkBindImageMemory or vkBindImageMemory2KHR.

+    VkResult BindVulkanImage(

+        VkDeviceMemory memory,

+        VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,

+        VkImage image,

+        const void* pNext);

+

+    VkResult Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData);

+    void Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation);

+

+    VkResult BindBufferMemory(

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+        VkBuffer hBuffer,

+        const void* pNext);

+    VkResult BindImageMemory(

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+        VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+        VkImage hImage,

+        const void* pNext);

+

+    void FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(

+        VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+        VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,

+        VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op);

+

+    void FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern);

+

+    /*

+    Returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation on GPU as

+    they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.

+    */

+    uint32_t GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();

+

+private:

+    VkDeviceSize m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize;

+

+    VkPhysicalDevice m_PhysicalDevice;

+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_CurrentFrameIndex;

+    VMA_ATOMIC_UINT32 m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits; // UINT32_MAX means uninitialized.

+    

+    VMA_RW_MUTEX m_PoolsMutex;

+    // Protected by m_PoolsMutex. Sorted by pointer value.

+    VmaVector<VmaPool, VmaStlAllocator<VmaPool> > m_Pools;

+    uint32_t m_NextPoolId;

+

+    VmaVulkanFunctions m_VulkanFunctions;

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    VmaRecorder* m_pRecorder;

+#endif

+

+    void ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions);

+

+    VkDeviceSize CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex);

+

+    VkResult AllocateMemoryOfType(

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VkDeviceSize alignment,

+        bool dedicatedAllocation,

+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+        VkImage dedicatedImage,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+    // Helper function only to be used inside AllocateDedicatedMemory.

+    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+        const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,

+        bool map,

+        bool isUserDataString,

+        void* pUserData,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocation);

+

+    // Allocates and registers new VkDeviceMemory specifically for dedicated allocations.

+    VkResult AllocateDedicatedMemory(

+        VkDeviceSize size,

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+        uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+        bool map,

+        bool isUserDataString,

+        void* pUserData,

+        VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+        VkImage dedicatedImage,

+        size_t allocationCount,

+        VmaAllocation* pAllocations);

+

+    void FreeDedicatedMemory(VmaAllocation allocation);

+

+    /*

+    Calculates and returns bit mask of memory types that can support defragmentation

+    on GPU as they support creation of required buffer for copy operations.

+    */

+    uint32_t CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const;

+};

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// Memory allocation #2 after VmaAllocator_T definition

+

+static void* VmaMalloc(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t size, size_t alignment)

+{

+    return VmaMalloc(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, size, alignment);

+}

+

+static void VmaFree(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* ptr)

+{

+    VmaFree(&hAllocator->m_AllocationCallbacks, ptr);

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static T* VmaAllocate(VmaAllocator hAllocator)

+{

+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T), VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static T* VmaAllocateArray(VmaAllocator hAllocator, size_t count)

+{

+    return (T*)VmaMalloc(hAllocator, sizeof(T) * count, VMA_ALIGN_OF(T));

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static void vma_delete(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr)

+{

+    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        ptr->~T();

+        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);

+    }

+}

+

+template<typename T>

+static void vma_delete_array(VmaAllocator hAllocator, T* ptr, size_t count)

+{

+    if(ptr != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        for(size_t i = count; i--; )

+            ptr[i].~T();

+        VmaFree(hAllocator, ptr);

+    }

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaStringBuilder

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+class VmaStringBuilder

+{

+public:

+    VmaStringBuilder(VmaAllocator alloc) : m_Data(VmaStlAllocator<char>(alloc->GetAllocationCallbacks())) { }

+    size_t GetLength() const { return m_Data.size(); }

+    const char* GetData() const { return m_Data.data(); }

+

+    void Add(char ch) { m_Data.push_back(ch); }

+    void Add(const char* pStr);

+    void AddNewLine() { Add('\n'); }

+    void AddNumber(uint32_t num);

+    void AddNumber(uint64_t num);

+    void AddPointer(const void* ptr);

+

+private:

+    VmaVector< char, VmaStlAllocator<char> > m_Data;

+};

+

+void VmaStringBuilder::Add(const char* pStr)

+{

+    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);

+    if(strLen > 0)

+    {

+        const size_t oldCount = m_Data.size();

+        m_Data.resize(oldCount + strLen);

+        memcpy(m_Data.data() + oldCount, pStr, strLen);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint32_t num)

+{

+    char buf[11];

+    VmaUint32ToStr(buf, sizeof(buf), num);

+    Add(buf);

+}

+

+void VmaStringBuilder::AddNumber(uint64_t num)

+{

+    char buf[21];

+    VmaUint64ToStr(buf, sizeof(buf), num);

+    Add(buf);

+}

+

+void VmaStringBuilder::AddPointer(const void* ptr)

+{

+    char buf[21];

+    VmaPtrToStr(buf, sizeof(buf), ptr);

+    Add(buf);

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaJsonWriter

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+class VmaJsonWriter

+{

+    VMA_CLASS_NO_COPY(VmaJsonWriter)

+public:

+    VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb);

+    ~VmaJsonWriter();

+

+    void BeginObject(bool singleLine = false);

+    void EndObject();

+    

+    void BeginArray(bool singleLine = false);

+    void EndArray();

+    

+    void WriteString(const char* pStr);

+    void BeginString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);

+    void ContinueString(const char* pStr);

+    void ContinueString(uint32_t n);

+    void ContinueString(uint64_t n);

+    void ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr);

+    void EndString(const char* pStr = VMA_NULL);

+    

+    void WriteNumber(uint32_t n);

+    void WriteNumber(uint64_t n);

+    void WriteBool(bool b);

+    void WriteNull();

+

+private:

+    static const char* const INDENT;

+

+    enum COLLECTION_TYPE

+    {

+        COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT,

+        COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY,

+    };

+    struct StackItem

+    {

+        COLLECTION_TYPE type;

+        uint32_t valueCount;

+        bool singleLineMode;

+    };

+

+    VmaStringBuilder& m_SB;

+    VmaVector< StackItem, VmaStlAllocator<StackItem> > m_Stack;

+    bool m_InsideString;

+

+    void BeginValue(bool isString);

+    void WriteIndent(bool oneLess = false);

+};

+

+const char* const VmaJsonWriter::INDENT = "  ";

+

+VmaJsonWriter::VmaJsonWriter(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, VmaStringBuilder& sb) :

+    m_SB(sb),

+    m_Stack(VmaStlAllocator<StackItem>(pAllocationCallbacks)),

+    m_InsideString(false)

+{

+}

+

+VmaJsonWriter::~VmaJsonWriter()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Stack.empty());

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginObject(bool singleLine)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.Add('{');

+

+    StackItem item;

+    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT;

+    item.valueCount = 0;

+    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;

+    m_Stack.push_back(item);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::EndObject()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+

+    WriteIndent(true);

+    m_SB.Add('}');

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT);

+    m_Stack.pop_back();

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginArray(bool singleLine)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.Add('[');

+

+    StackItem item;

+    item.type = COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY;

+    item.valueCount = 0;

+    item.singleLineMode = singleLine;

+    m_Stack.push_back(item);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::EndArray()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+

+    WriteIndent(true);

+    m_SB.Add(']');

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_Stack.empty() && m_Stack.back().type == COLLECTION_TYPE_ARRAY);

+    m_Stack.pop_back();

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteString(const char* pStr)

+{

+    BeginString(pStr);

+    EndString();

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginString(const char* pStr)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+

+    BeginValue(true);

+    m_SB.Add('"');

+    m_InsideString = true;

+    if(pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')

+    {

+        ContinueString(pStr);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(const char* pStr)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);

+

+    const size_t strLen = strlen(pStr);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < strLen; ++i)

+    {

+        char ch = pStr[i];

+        if(ch == '\\')

+        {

+            m_SB.Add("\\\\");

+        }

+        else if(ch == '"')

+        {

+            m_SB.Add("\\\"");

+        }

+        else if(ch >= 32)

+        {

+            m_SB.Add(ch);

+        }

+        else switch(ch)

+        {

+        case '\b':

+            m_SB.Add("\\b");

+            break;

+        case '\f':

+            m_SB.Add("\\f");

+            break;

+        case '\n':

+            m_SB.Add("\\n");

+            break;

+        case '\r':

+            m_SB.Add("\\r");

+            break;

+        case '\t':

+            m_SB.Add("\\t");

+            break;

+        default:

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Character not currently supported.");

+            break;

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint32_t n)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);

+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString(uint64_t n)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);

+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::ContinueString_Pointer(const void* ptr)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);

+    m_SB.AddPointer(ptr);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::EndString(const char* pStr)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_InsideString);

+    if(pStr != VMA_NULL && pStr[0] != '\0')

+    {

+        ContinueString(pStr);

+    }

+    m_SB.Add('"');

+    m_InsideString = false;

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint32_t n)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNumber(uint64_t n)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.AddNumber(n);

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteBool(bool b)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.Add(b ? "true" : "false");

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteNull()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!m_InsideString);

+    BeginValue(false);

+    m_SB.Add("null");

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::BeginValue(bool isString)

+{

+    if(!m_Stack.empty())

+    {

+        StackItem& currItem = m_Stack.back();

+        if(currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&

+            currItem.valueCount % 2 == 0)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(isString);

+        }

+

+        if(currItem.type == COLLECTION_TYPE_OBJECT &&

+            currItem.valueCount % 2 != 0)

+        {

+            m_SB.Add(": ");

+        }

+        else if(currItem.valueCount > 0)

+        {

+            m_SB.Add(", ");

+            WriteIndent();

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            WriteIndent();

+        }

+        ++currItem.valueCount;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaJsonWriter::WriteIndent(bool oneLess)

+{

+    if(!m_Stack.empty() && !m_Stack.back().singleLineMode)

+    {

+        m_SB.AddNewLine();

+        

+        size_t count = m_Stack.size();

+        if(count > 0 && oneLess)

+        {

+            --count;

+        }

+        for(size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)

+        {

+            m_SB.Add(INDENT);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::SetUserData(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void* pUserData)

+{

+    if(IsUserDataString())

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(pUserData == VMA_NULL || pUserData != m_pUserData);

+

+        FreeUserDataString(hAllocator);

+

+        if(pUserData != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            const char* const newStrSrc = (char*)pUserData;

+            const size_t newStrLen = strlen(newStrSrc);

+            char* const newStrDst = vma_new_array(hAllocator, char, newStrLen + 1);

+            memcpy(newStrDst, newStrSrc, newStrLen + 1);

+            m_pUserData = newStrDst;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        m_pUserData = pUserData;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::ChangeBlockAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* block,

+    VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(block != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);

+

+    // Move mapping reference counter from old block to new block.

+    if(block != m_BlockAllocation.m_Block)

+    {

+        uint32_t mapRefCount = m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP;

+        if(IsPersistentMap())

+            ++mapRefCount;

+        m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->Unmap(hAllocator, mapRefCount);

+        block->Map(hAllocator, mapRefCount, VMA_NULL);

+    }

+

+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Block = block;

+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset = offset;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::ChangeOffset(VkDeviceSize newOffset)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Type == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);

+    m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset = newOffset;

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaAllocation_T::GetOffset() const

+{

+    switch(m_Type)

+    {

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset;

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        return 0;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return 0;

+    }

+}

+

+VkDeviceMemory VmaAllocation_T::GetMemory() const

+{

+    switch(m_Type)

+    {

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetDeviceMemory();

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    }

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaAllocation_T::GetMemoryTypeIndex() const

+{

+    switch(m_Type)

+    {

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return UINT32_MAX;

+    }

+}

+

+void* VmaAllocation_T::GetMappedData() const

+{

+    switch(m_Type)

+    {

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        if(m_MapCount != 0)

+        {

+            void* pBlockData = m_BlockAllocation.m_Block->GetMappedData();

+            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockData != VMA_NULL);

+            return (char*)pBlockData + m_BlockAllocation.m_Offset;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            return VMA_NULL;

+        }

+        break;

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        VMA_ASSERT((m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL) == (m_MapCount != 0));

+        return m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return VMA_NULL;

+    }

+}

+

+bool VmaAllocation_T::CanBecomeLost() const

+{

+    switch(m_Type)

+    {

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        return m_BlockAllocation.m_CanBecomeLost;

+    case ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        return false;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return false;

+    }

+}

+

+bool VmaAllocation_T::MakeLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(CanBecomeLost());

+

+    /*

+    Warning: This is a carefully designed algorithm.

+    Do not modify unless you really know what you're doing :)

+    */

+    uint32_t localLastUseFrameIndex = GetLastUseFrameIndex();

+    for(;;)

+    {

+        if(localLastUseFrameIndex == VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0);

+            return false;

+        }

+        else if(localLastUseFrameIndex + frameInUseCount >= currentFrameIndex)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+        else // Last use time earlier than current time.

+        {

+            if(CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(localLastUseFrameIndex, VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST))

+            {

+                // Setting hAllocation.LastUseFrameIndex atomic to VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST is enough to mark it as LOST.

+                // Calling code just needs to unregister this allocation in owning VmaDeviceMemoryBlock.

+                return true;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+// Correspond to values of enum VmaSuballocationType.

+static const char* VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[] = {

+    "FREE",

+    "UNKNOWN",

+    "BUFFER",

+    "IMAGE_UNKNOWN",

+    "IMAGE_LINEAR",

+    "IMAGE_OPTIMAL",

+};

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::PrintParameters(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const

+{

+    json.WriteString("Type");

+    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[m_SuballocationType]);

+

+    json.WriteString("Size");

+    json.WriteNumber(m_Size);

+

+    if(m_pUserData != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        json.WriteString("UserData");

+        if(IsUserDataString())

+        {

+            json.WriteString((const char*)m_pUserData);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            json.BeginString();

+            json.ContinueString_Pointer(m_pUserData);

+            json.EndString();

+        }

+    }

+

+    json.WriteString("CreationFrameIndex");

+    json.WriteNumber(m_CreationFrameIndex);

+

+    json.WriteString("LastUseFrameIndex");

+    json.WriteNumber(GetLastUseFrameIndex());

+

+    if(m_BufferImageUsage != 0)

+    {

+        json.WriteString("Usage");

+        json.WriteNumber(m_BufferImageUsage);

+    }

+}

+

+#endif

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::FreeUserDataString(VmaAllocator hAllocator)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(IsUserDataString());

+    if(m_pUserData != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        char* const oldStr = (char*)m_pUserData;

+        const size_t oldStrLen = strlen(oldStr);

+        vma_delete_array(hAllocator, oldStr, oldStrLen + 1);

+        m_pUserData = VMA_NULL;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocMap()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);

+

+    if((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) < 0x7F)

+    {

+        ++m_MapCount;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::BlockAllocUnmap()

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK);

+

+    if((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0)

+    {

+        --m_MapCount;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping allocation not previously mapped.");

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocMap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, void** ppData)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);

+

+    if(m_MapCount != 0)

+    {

+        if((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) < 0x7F)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);

+            *ppData = m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData;

+            ++m_MapCount;

+            return VK_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Dedicated allocation mapped too many times simultaneously.");

+            return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(

+            hAllocator->m_hDevice,

+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory,

+            0, // offset

+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,

+            0, // flags

+            ppData);

+        if(result == VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = *ppData;

+            m_MapCount = 1;

+        }

+        return result;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocation_T::DedicatedAllocUnmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(GetType() == ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);

+

+    if((m_MapCount & ~MAP_COUNT_FLAG_PERSISTENT_MAP) != 0)

+    {

+        --m_MapCount;

+        if(m_MapCount == 0)

+        {

+            m_DedicatedAllocation.m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;

+            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(

+                hAllocator->m_hDevice,

+                m_DedicatedAllocation.m_hMemory);

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unmapping dedicated allocation not previously mapped.");

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+static void VmaPrintStatInfo(VmaJsonWriter& json, const VmaStatInfo& stat)

+{

+    json.BeginObject();

+

+    json.WriteString("Blocks");

+    json.WriteNumber(stat.blockCount);

+

+    json.WriteString("Allocations");

+    json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationCount);

+

+    json.WriteString("UnusedRanges");

+    json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeCount);

+

+    json.WriteString("UsedBytes");

+    json.WriteNumber(stat.usedBytes);

+

+    json.WriteString("UnusedBytes");

+    json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedBytes);

+

+    if(stat.allocationCount > 1)

+    {

+        json.WriteString("AllocationSize");

+        json.BeginObject(true);

+        json.WriteString("Min");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMin);

+        json.WriteString("Avg");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeAvg);

+        json.WriteString("Max");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.allocationSizeMax);

+        json.EndObject();

+    }

+

+    if(stat.unusedRangeCount > 1)

+    {

+        json.WriteString("UnusedRangeSize");

+        json.BeginObject(true);

+        json.WriteString("Min");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMin);

+        json.WriteString("Avg");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeAvg);

+        json.WriteString("Max");

+        json.WriteNumber(stat.unusedRangeSizeMax);

+        json.EndObject();

+    }

+

+    json.EndObject();

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+struct VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess

+{

+    bool operator()(

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator rhs) const

+    {

+        return lhs->size < rhs->size;

+    }

+    bool operator()(

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator lhs,

+        VkDeviceSize rhsSize) const

+    {

+        return lhs->size < rhsSize;

+    }

+};

+

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaBlockMetadata

+

+VmaBlockMetadata::VmaBlockMetadata(VmaAllocator hAllocator) :

+    m_Size(0),

+    m_pAllocationCallbacks(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())

+{

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Begin(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+    VkDeviceSize unusedBytes,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    size_t unusedRangeCount) const

+{

+    json.BeginObject();

+

+    json.WriteString("TotalBytes");

+    json.WriteNumber(GetSize());

+

+    json.WriteString("UnusedBytes");

+    json.WriteNumber(unusedBytes);

+

+    json.WriteString("Allocations");

+    json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)allocationCount);

+

+    json.WriteString("UnusedRanges");

+    json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)unusedRangeCount);

+

+    json.WriteString("Suballocations");

+    json.BeginArray();

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+    VkDeviceSize offset,

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation) const

+{

+    json.BeginObject(true);

+        

+    json.WriteString("Offset");

+    json.WriteNumber(offset);

+

+    hAllocation->PrintParameters(json);

+

+    json.EndObject();

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(class VmaJsonWriter& json,

+    VkDeviceSize offset,

+    VkDeviceSize size) const

+{

+    json.BeginObject(true);

+        

+    json.WriteString("Offset");

+    json.WriteNumber(offset);

+

+    json.WriteString("Type");

+    json.WriteString(VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_NAMES[VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE]);

+

+    json.WriteString("Size");

+    json.WriteNumber(size);

+

+    json.EndObject();

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata::PrintDetailedMap_End(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const

+{

+    json.EndArray();

+    json.EndObject();

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaBlockMetadata_Generic

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::VmaBlockMetadata_Generic(VmaAllocator hAllocator) :

+    VmaBlockMetadata(hAllocator),

+    m_FreeCount(0),

+    m_SumFreeSize(0),

+    m_Suballocations(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocationList::iterator>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))

+{

+}

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::~VmaBlockMetadata_Generic()

+{

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Init(VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);

+

+    m_FreeCount = 1;

+    m_SumFreeSize = size;

+

+    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {};

+    suballoc.offset = 0;

+    suballoc.size = size;

+    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+    suballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(size > VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER);

+    m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.end();

+    --suballocItem;

+    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(suballocItem);

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Validate() const

+{

+    VMA_VALIDATE(!m_Suballocations.empty());

+    

+    // Expected offset of new suballocation as calculated from previous ones.

+    VkDeviceSize calculatedOffset = 0;

+    // Expected number of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.

+    uint32_t calculatedFreeCount = 0;

+    // Expected sum size of free suballocations as calculated from traversing their list.

+    VkDeviceSize calculatedSumFreeSize = 0;

+    // Expected number of free suballocations that should be registered in

+    // m_FreeSuballocationsBySize calculated from traversing their list.

+    size_t freeSuballocationsToRegister = 0;

+    // True if previous visited suballocation was free.

+    bool prevFree = false;

+

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.cbegin();

+        suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend();

+        ++suballocItem)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& subAlloc = *suballocItem;

+        

+        // Actual offset of this suballocation doesn't match expected one.

+        VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.offset == calculatedOffset);

+

+        const bool currFree = (subAlloc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+        // Two adjacent free suballocations are invalid. They should be merged.

+        VMA_VALIDATE(!prevFree || !currFree);

+

+        VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (subAlloc.hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE));

+

+        if(currFree)

+        {

+            calculatedSumFreeSize += subAlloc.size;

+            ++calculatedFreeCount;

+            if(subAlloc.size >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+            {

+                ++freeSuballocationsToRegister;

+            }

+

+            // Margin required between allocations - every free space must be at least that large.

+            VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.size >= VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.hAllocation->GetOffset() == subAlloc.offset);

+            VMA_VALIDATE(subAlloc.hAllocation->GetSize() == subAlloc.size);

+

+            // Margin required between allocations - previous allocation must be free.

+            VMA_VALIDATE(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN == 0 || prevFree);

+        }

+

+        calculatedOffset += subAlloc.size;

+        prevFree = currFree;

+    }

+

+    // Number of free suballocations registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize doesn't

+    // match expected one.

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size() == freeSuballocationsToRegister);

+

+    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); ++i)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];

+        

+        // Only free suballocations can be registered in m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+        // They must be sorted by size ascending.

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocItem->size >= lastSize);

+

+        lastSize = suballocItem->size;

+    }

+

+    // Check if totals match calculacted values.

+    VMA_VALIDATE(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());

+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedOffset == GetSize());

+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedSumFreeSize == m_SumFreeSize);

+    VMA_VALIDATE(calculatedFreeCount == m_FreeCount);

+

+    return true;

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const

+{

+    if(!m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.empty())

+    {

+        return m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.back()->size;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return 0;

+    }

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::IsEmpty() const

+{

+    return (m_Suballocations.size() == 1) && (m_FreeCount == 1);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const

+{

+    outInfo.blockCount = 1;

+

+    const uint32_t rangeCount = (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size();

+    outInfo.allocationCount = rangeCount - m_FreeCount;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeCount = m_FreeCount;

+    

+    outInfo.unusedBytes = m_SumFreeSize;

+    outInfo.usedBytes = GetSize() - outInfo.unusedBytes;

+

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMax = 0;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;

+

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.cbegin();

+        suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend();

+        ++suballocItem)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMin, suballoc.size);

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.allocationSizeMax, suballoc.size);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, suballoc.size);

+            outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, suballoc.size);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const

+{

+    const uint32_t rangeCount = (uint32_t)m_Suballocations.size();

+

+    inoutStats.size += GetSize();

+    inoutStats.unusedSize += m_SumFreeSize;

+    inoutStats.allocationCount += rangeCount - m_FreeCount;

+    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += m_FreeCount;

+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, GetUnusedRangeSizeMax());

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const

+{

+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json,

+        m_SumFreeSize, // unusedBytes

+        m_Suballocations.size() - (size_t)m_FreeCount, // allocationCount

+        m_FreeCount); // unusedRangeCount

+

+    size_t i = 0;

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.cbegin();

+        suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend();

+        ++suballocItem, ++i)

+    {

+        if(suballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, suballocItem->offset, suballocItem->size);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballocItem->offset, suballocItem->hAllocation);

+        }

+    }

+

+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CreateAllocationRequest(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    bool upperAddress,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);

+    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());

+

+    pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;

+

+    // There is not enough total free space in this block to fullfill the request: Early return.

+    if(canMakeOtherLost == false &&

+        m_SumFreeSize < allocSize + 2 * VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN)

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+

+    // New algorithm, efficiently searching freeSuballocationsBySize.

+    const size_t freeSuballocCount = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();

+    if(freeSuballocCount > 0)

+    {

+        if(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT)

+        {

+            // Find first free suballocation with size not less than allocSize + 2 * VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN.

+            VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),

+                m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + freeSuballocCount,

+                allocSize + 2 * VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN,

+                VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());

+            size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();

+            for(; index < freeSuballocCount; ++index)

+            {

+                if(CheckAllocation(

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    frameInUseCount,

+                    bufferImageGranularity,

+                    allocSize,

+                    allocAlignment,

+                    allocType,

+                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],

+                    false, // canMakeOtherLost

+                    &pAllocationRequest->offset,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize))

+                {

+                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];

+                    return true;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+        else if(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_INTERNAL_STRATEGY_MIN_OFFSET)

+        {

+            for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_Suballocations.begin();

+                it != m_Suballocations.end();

+                ++it)

+            {

+                if(it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE && CheckAllocation(

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    frameInUseCount,

+                    bufferImageGranularity,

+                    allocSize,

+                    allocAlignment,

+                    allocType,

+                    it,

+                    false, // canMakeOtherLost

+                    &pAllocationRequest->offset,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize))

+                {

+                    pAllocationRequest->item = it;

+                    return true;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+        else // WORST_FIT, FIRST_FIT

+        {

+            // Search staring from biggest suballocations.

+            for(size_t index = freeSuballocCount; index--; )

+            {

+                if(CheckAllocation(

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    frameInUseCount,

+                    bufferImageGranularity,

+                    allocSize,

+                    allocAlignment,

+                    allocType,

+                    m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index],

+                    false, // canMakeOtherLost

+                    &pAllocationRequest->offset,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize,

+                    &pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize))

+                {

+                    pAllocationRequest->item = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index];

+                    return true;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(canMakeOtherLost)

+    {

+        // Brute-force algorithm. TODO: Come up with something better.

+

+        bool found = false;

+        VmaAllocationRequest tmpAllocRequest = {};

+        tmpAllocRequest.type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;

+        for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocIt = m_Suballocations.begin();

+            suballocIt != m_Suballocations.end();

+            ++suballocIt)

+        {

+            if(suballocIt->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE ||

+                suballocIt->hAllocation->CanBecomeLost())

+            {

+                if(CheckAllocation(

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    frameInUseCount,

+                    bufferImageGranularity,

+                    allocSize,

+                    allocAlignment,

+                    allocType,

+                    suballocIt,

+                    canMakeOtherLost,

+                    &tmpAllocRequest.offset,

+                    &tmpAllocRequest.itemsToMakeLostCount,

+                    &tmpAllocRequest.sumFreeSize,

+                    &tmpAllocRequest.sumItemSize))

+                {

+                    if(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT)

+                    {

+                        *pAllocationRequest = tmpAllocRequest;

+                        pAllocationRequest->item = suballocIt;

+                        break;

+                    }

+                    if(!found || tmpAllocRequest.CalcCost() < pAllocationRequest->CalcCost())

+                    {

+                        *pAllocationRequest = tmpAllocRequest;

+                        pAllocationRequest->item = suballocIt;

+                        found = true;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+        }

+

+        return found;

+    }

+

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest && pAllocationRequest->type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);

+

+    while(pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount > 0)

+    {

+        if(pAllocationRequest->item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            ++pAllocationRequest->item;

+        }

+        VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest->item != m_Suballocations.end());

+        VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest->item->hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+        VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest->item->hAllocation->CanBecomeLost());

+        if(pAllocationRequest->item->hAllocation->MakeLost(currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount))

+        {

+            pAllocationRequest->item = FreeSuballocation(pAllocationRequest->item);

+            --pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+    }

+

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest->item != m_Suballocations.end());

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest->item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    

+    return true;

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount)

+{

+    uint32_t lostAllocationCount = 0;

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_Suballocations.begin();

+        it != m_Suballocations.end();

+        ++it)

+    {

+        if(it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&

+            it->hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+            it->hAllocation->MakeLost(currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount))

+        {

+            it = FreeSuballocation(it);

+            ++lostAllocationCount;

+        }

+    }

+    return lostAllocationCount;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)

+{

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_Suballocations.begin();

+        it != m_Suballocations.end();

+        ++it)

+    {

+        if(it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, it->offset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED BEFORE VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, it->offset + it->size))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Alloc(

+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+    VmaSuballocationType type,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);

+    VMA_ASSERT(request.item != m_Suballocations.end());

+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *request.item;

+    // Given suballocation is a free block.

+    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    // Given offset is inside this suballocation.

+    VMA_ASSERT(request.offset >= suballoc.offset);

+    const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = request.offset - suballoc.offset;

+    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.size >= paddingBegin + allocSize);

+    const VkDeviceSize paddingEnd = suballoc.size - paddingBegin - allocSize;

+

+    // Unregister this free suballocation from m_FreeSuballocationsBySize and update

+    // it to become used.

+    UnregisterFreeSuballocation(request.item);

+

+    suballoc.offset = request.offset;

+    suballoc.size = allocSize;

+    suballoc.type = type;

+    suballoc.hAllocation = hAllocation;

+

+    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the end, insert new free suballocation after current one.

+    if(paddingEnd)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};

+        paddingSuballoc.offset = request.offset + allocSize;

+        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingEnd;

+        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+        VmaSuballocationList::iterator next = request.item;

+        ++next;

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingEndItem =

+            m_Suballocations.insert(next, paddingSuballoc);

+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingEndItem);

+    }

+

+    // If there are any free bytes remaining at the beginning, insert new free suballocation before current one.

+    if(paddingBegin)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation paddingSuballoc = {};

+        paddingSuballoc.offset = request.offset - paddingBegin;

+        paddingSuballoc.size = paddingBegin;

+        paddingSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator paddingBeginItem =

+            m_Suballocations.insert(request.item, paddingSuballoc);

+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(paddingBeginItem);

+    }

+

+    // Update totals.

+    m_FreeCount = m_FreeCount - 1;

+    if(paddingBegin > 0)

+    {

+        ++m_FreeCount;

+    }

+    if(paddingEnd > 0)

+    {

+        ++m_FreeCount;

+    }

+    m_SumFreeSize -= allocSize;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::Free(const VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.begin();

+        suballocItem != m_Suballocations.end();

+        ++suballocItem)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;

+        if(suballoc.hAllocation == allocation)

+        {

+            FreeSuballocation(suballocItem);

+            VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Not found!");

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem = m_Suballocations.begin();

+        suballocItem != m_Suballocations.end();

+        ++suballocItem)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;

+        if(suballoc.offset == offset)

+        {

+            FreeSuballocation(suballocItem);

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Not found!");

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::ValidateFreeSuballocationList() const

+{

+    VkDeviceSize lastSize = 0;

+    for(size_t i = 0, count = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[i];

+

+        VMA_VALIDATE(it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+        VMA_VALIDATE(it->size >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER);

+        VMA_VALIDATE(it->size >= lastSize);

+        lastSize = it->size;

+    }

+    return true;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::CheckAllocation(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator suballocItem,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    VkDeviceSize* pOffset,

+    size_t* itemsToMakeLostCount,

+    VkDeviceSize* pSumFreeSize,

+    VkDeviceSize* pSumItemSize) const

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(suballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend());

+    VMA_ASSERT(pOffset != VMA_NULL);

+    

+    *itemsToMakeLostCount = 0;

+    *pSumFreeSize = 0;

+    *pSumItemSize = 0;

+

+    if(canMakeOtherLost)

+    {

+        if(suballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            *pSumFreeSize = suballocItem->size;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            if(suballocItem->hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+                suballocItem->hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex() + frameInUseCount < currentFrameIndex)

+            {

+                ++*itemsToMakeLostCount;

+                *pSumItemSize = suballocItem->size;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                return false;

+            }

+        }

+

+        // Remaining size is too small for this request: Early return.

+        if(GetSize() - suballocItem->offset < allocSize)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+

+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of this suballocation.

+        *pOffset = suballocItem->offset;

+    

+        // Apply VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN at the beginning.

+        if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0)

+        {

+            *pOffset += VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+    

+        // Apply alignment.

+        *pOffset = VmaAlignUp(*pOffset, allocAlignment);

+

+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+        {

+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;

+            VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator prevSuballocItem = suballocItem;

+            while(prevSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cbegin())

+            {

+                --prevSuballocItem;

+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = *prevSuballocItem;

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, *pOffset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))

+                    {

+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                    // Already on previous page.

+                    break;

+            }

+            if(bufferImageGranularityConflict)

+            {

+                *pOffset = VmaAlignUp(*pOffset, bufferImageGranularity);

+            }

+        }

+    

+        // Now that we have final *pOffset, check if we are past suballocItem.

+        // If yes, return false - this function should be called for another suballocItem as starting point.

+        if(*pOffset >= suballocItem->offset + suballocItem->size)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+    

+        // Calculate padding at the beginning based on current offset.

+        const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = *pOffset - suballocItem->offset;

+

+        // Calculate required margin at the end.

+        const VkDeviceSize requiredEndMargin = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+

+        const VkDeviceSize totalSize = paddingBegin + allocSize + requiredEndMargin;

+        // Another early return check.

+        if(suballocItem->offset + totalSize > GetSize())

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+

+        // Advance lastSuballocItem until desired size is reached.

+        // Update itemsToMakeLostCount.

+        VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator lastSuballocItem = suballocItem;

+        if(totalSize > suballocItem->size)

+        {

+            VkDeviceSize remainingSize = totalSize - suballocItem->size;

+            while(remainingSize > 0)

+            {

+                ++lastSuballocItem;

+                if(lastSuballocItem == m_Suballocations.cend())

+                {

+                    return false;

+                }

+                if(lastSuballocItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+                {

+                    *pSumFreeSize += lastSuballocItem->size;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    VMA_ASSERT(lastSuballocItem->hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+                    if(lastSuballocItem->hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+                        lastSuballocItem->hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex() + frameInUseCount < currentFrameIndex)

+                    {

+                        ++*itemsToMakeLostCount;

+                        *pSumItemSize += lastSuballocItem->size;

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        return false;

+                    }

+                }

+                remainingSize = (lastSuballocItem->size < remainingSize) ?

+                    remainingSize - lastSuballocItem->size : 0;

+            }

+        }

+

+        // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // If conflict exists, we must mark more allocations lost or fail.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+        {

+            VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator nextSuballocItem = lastSuballocItem;

+            ++nextSuballocItem;

+            while(nextSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend())

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = *nextSuballocItem;

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(*pOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))

+                    {

+                        VMA_ASSERT(nextSuballoc.hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+                        if(nextSuballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+                            nextSuballoc.hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex() + frameInUseCount < currentFrameIndex)

+                        {

+                            ++*itemsToMakeLostCount;

+                        }

+                        else

+                        {

+                            return false;

+                        }

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    // Already on next page.

+                    break;

+                }

+                ++nextSuballocItem;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;

+        VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+

+        *pSumFreeSize = suballoc.size;

+

+        // Size of this suballocation is too small for this request: Early return.

+        if(suballoc.size < allocSize)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+

+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of this suballocation.

+        *pOffset = suballoc.offset;

+    

+        // Apply VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN at the beginning.

+        if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0)

+        {

+            *pOffset += VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+    

+        // Apply alignment.

+        *pOffset = VmaAlignUp(*pOffset, allocAlignment);

+    

+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+        {

+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;

+            VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator prevSuballocItem = suballocItem;

+            while(prevSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cbegin())

+            {

+                --prevSuballocItem;

+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = *prevSuballocItem;

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, *pOffset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))

+                    {

+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                    // Already on previous page.

+                    break;

+            }

+            if(bufferImageGranularityConflict)

+            {

+                *pOffset = VmaAlignUp(*pOffset, bufferImageGranularity);

+            }

+        }

+    

+        // Calculate padding at the beginning based on current offset.

+        const VkDeviceSize paddingBegin = *pOffset - suballoc.offset;

+

+        // Calculate required margin at the end.

+        const VkDeviceSize requiredEndMargin = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+

+        // Fail if requested size plus margin before and after is bigger than size of this suballocation.

+        if(paddingBegin + allocSize + requiredEndMargin > suballoc.size)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+

+        // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+        {

+            VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator nextSuballocItem = suballocItem;

+            ++nextSuballocItem;

+            while(nextSuballocItem != m_Suballocations.cend())

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = *nextSuballocItem;

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(*pOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))

+                    {

+                        return false;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    // Already on next page.

+                    break;

+                }

+                ++nextSuballocItem;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // All tests passed: Success. pOffset is already filled.

+    return true;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::MergeFreeWithNext(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(item != m_Suballocations.end());

+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = item;

+    ++nextItem;

+    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem != m_Suballocations.end());

+    VMA_ASSERT(nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+

+    item->size += nextItem->size;

+    --m_FreeCount;

+    m_Suballocations.erase(nextItem);

+}

+

+VmaSuballocationList::iterator VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::FreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator suballocItem)

+{

+    // Change this suballocation to be marked as free.

+    VmaSuballocation& suballoc = *suballocItem;

+    suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+    suballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    

+    // Update totals.

+    ++m_FreeCount;

+    m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;

+

+    // Merge with previous and/or next suballocation if it's also free.

+    bool mergeWithNext = false;

+    bool mergeWithPrev = false;

+    

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextItem = suballocItem;

+    ++nextItem;

+    if((nextItem != m_Suballocations.end()) && (nextItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE))

+    {

+        mergeWithNext = true;

+    }

+

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator prevItem = suballocItem;

+    if(suballocItem != m_Suballocations.begin())

+    {

+        --prevItem;

+        if(prevItem->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            mergeWithPrev = true;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(mergeWithNext)

+    {

+        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(nextItem);

+        MergeFreeWithNext(suballocItem);

+    }

+

+    if(mergeWithPrev)

+    {

+        UnregisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);

+        MergeFreeWithNext(prevItem);

+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(prevItem);

+        return prevItem;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        RegisterFreeSuballocation(suballocItem);

+        return suballocItem;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::RegisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);

+

+    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of

+    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());

+

+    if(item->size >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+    {

+        if(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.empty())

+        {

+            m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(item);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VmaVectorInsertSorted<VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess>(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, item);

+        }

+    }

+

+    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());

+}

+

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::UnregisterFreeSuballocation(VmaSuballocationList::iterator item)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(item->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(item->size > 0);

+

+    // You may want to enable this validation at the beginning or at the end of

+    // this function, depending on what do you want to check.

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());

+

+    if(item->size >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocationList::iterator* const it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(

+            m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data(),

+            m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data() + m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size(),

+            item,

+            VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());

+        for(size_t index = it - m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.data();

+            index < m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.size();

+            ++index)

+        {

+            if(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index] == item)

+            {

+                VmaVectorRemove(m_FreeSuballocationsBySize, index);

+                return;

+            }

+            VMA_ASSERT((m_FreeSuballocationsBySize[index]->size == item->size) && "Not found.");

+        }

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Not found.");

+    }

+

+    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(ValidateFreeSuballocationList());

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Generic::IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VmaSuballocationType& inOutPrevSuballocType) const

+{

+    if(bufferImageGranularity == 1 || IsEmpty())

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+

+    VkDeviceSize minAlignment = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

+    bool typeConflictFound = false;

+    for(VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator it = m_Suballocations.cbegin();

+        it != m_Suballocations.cend();

+        ++it)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocationType suballocType = it->type;

+        if(suballocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            minAlignment = VMA_MIN(minAlignment, it->hAllocation->GetAlignment());

+            if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(inOutPrevSuballocType, suballocType))

+            {

+                typeConflictFound = true;

+            }

+            inOutPrevSuballocType = suballocType;

+        }

+    }

+

+    return typeConflictFound || minAlignment >= bufferImageGranularity;

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaBlockMetadata_Linear

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::VmaBlockMetadata_Linear(VmaAllocator hAllocator) :

+    VmaBlockMetadata(hAllocator),

+    m_SumFreeSize(0),

+    m_Suballocations0(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_Suballocations1(VmaStlAllocator<VmaSuballocation>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_1stVectorIndex(0),

+    m_2ndVectorMode(SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY),

+    m_1stNullItemsBeginCount(0),

+    m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount(0),

+    m_2ndNullItemsCount(0)

+{

+}

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::~VmaBlockMetadata_Linear()

+{

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Init(VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);

+    m_SumFreeSize = size;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Validate() const

+{

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+    VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.empty() == (m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY));

+    VMA_VALIDATE(!suballocations1st.empty() ||

+        suballocations2nd.empty() ||

+        m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER);

+

+    if(!suballocations1st.empty())

+    {

+        // Null item at the beginning should be accounted into m_1stNullItemsBeginCount.

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations1st.back().hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    }

+    if(!suballocations2nd.empty())

+    {

+        // Null item at the end should be just pop_back().

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballocations2nd.back().hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    }

+

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount <= suballocations1st.size());

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_2ndNullItemsCount <= suballocations2nd.size());

+

+    VkDeviceSize sumUsedSize = 0;

+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+    VkDeviceSize offset = VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();

+        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;

+        for(size_t i = 0; i < suballoc2ndCount; ++i)

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];

+            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+

+            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (suballoc.hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE));

+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);

+

+            if(!currFree)

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetOffset() == suballoc.offset);

+                VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetSize() == suballoc.size);

+                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                ++nullItem2ndCount;

+            }

+

+            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+

+        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);

+    }

+

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; ++i)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&

+            suballoc.hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    }

+

+    size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+

+    for(size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount; i < suballoc1stCount; ++i)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];

+        const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+

+        VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (suballoc.hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE));

+        VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);

+        VMA_VALIDATE(i >= m_1stNullItemsBeginCount || currFree);

+

+        if(!currFree)

+        {

+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetOffset() == suballoc.offset);

+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetSize() == suballoc.size);

+            sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            ++nullItem1stCount;

+        }

+

+        offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+    }

+    VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem1stCount == m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount);

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();

+        size_t nullItem2ndCount = 0;

+        for(size_t i = suballoc2ndCount; i--; )

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];

+            const bool currFree = (suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+

+            VMA_VALIDATE(currFree == (suballoc.hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE));

+            VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.offset >= offset);

+

+            if(!currFree)

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetOffset() == suballoc.offset);

+                VMA_VALIDATE(suballoc.hAllocation->GetSize() == suballoc.size);

+                sumUsedSize += suballoc.size;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                ++nullItem2ndCount;

+            }

+

+            offset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+

+        VMA_VALIDATE(nullItem2ndCount == m_2ndNullItemsCount);

+    }

+

+    VMA_VALIDATE(offset <= GetSize());

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == GetSize() - sumUsedSize);

+

+    return true;

+}

+

+size_t VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetAllocationCount() const

+{

+    return AccessSuballocations1st().size() - (m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount) +

+        AccessSuballocations2nd().size() - m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+

+    /*

+    We don't consider gaps inside allocation vectors with freed allocations because

+    they are not suitable for reuse in linear allocator. We consider only space that

+    is available for new allocations.

+    */

+    if(IsEmpty())

+    {

+        return size;

+    }

+    

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+

+    switch(m_2ndVectorMode)

+    {

+    case SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY:

+        /*

+        Available space is after end of 1st, as well as before beginning of 1st (which

+        whould make it a ring buffer).

+        */

+        {

+            const size_t suballocations1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+            VMA_ASSERT(suballocations1stCount > m_1stNullItemsBeginCount);

+            const VmaSuballocation& firstSuballoc = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount];

+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc  = suballocations1st[suballocations1stCount - 1];

+            return VMA_MAX(

+                firstSuballoc.offset,

+                size - (lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size));

+        }

+        break;

+

+    case SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER:

+        /*

+        Available space is only between end of 2nd and beginning of 1st.

+        */

+        {

+            const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc2nd = suballocations2nd.back();

+            const VmaSuballocation& firstSuballoc1st = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount];

+            return firstSuballoc1st.offset - (lastSuballoc2nd.offset + lastSuballoc2nd.size);

+        }

+        break;

+

+    case SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK:

+        /*

+        Available space is only between end of 1st and top of 2nd.

+        */

+        {

+            const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+            const VmaSuballocation& topSuballoc2nd = suballocations2nd.back();

+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc1st = suballocations1st.back();

+            return topSuballoc2nd.offset - (lastSuballoc1st.offset + lastSuballoc1st.size);

+        }

+        break;

+

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return 0;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();

+

+    outInfo.blockCount = 1;

+    outInfo.allocationCount = (uint32_t)GetAllocationCount();

+    outInfo.unusedRangeCount = 0;

+    outInfo.usedBytes = 0;

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMax = 0;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;

+

+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;

+        while(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                    outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                outInfo.usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+                outInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMin, suballoc.size);

+                outInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMax, suballoc.size);

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.

+                if(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+                {

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;

+                    ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                    outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+               }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =

+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;

+    while(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+    {

+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+        while(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&

+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+

+        // Found non-null allocation.

+        if(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];

+            

+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+            if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+            

+            // 2. Process this allocation.

+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+            outInfo.usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMin, suballoc.size);

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMax, suballoc.size);

+            

+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+        // We are at the end.

+        else

+        {

+            // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.

+            if(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+            {

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;

+                ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+           }

+

+            // End of loop.

+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;

+        while(lastOffset < size)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                    outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                outInfo.usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+                outInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMin, suballoc.size);

+                outInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.allocationSizeMax, suballoc.size);

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to size.

+                if(lastOffset < size)

+                {

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;

+                    ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                    outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+                    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+               }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = size;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    outInfo.unusedBytes = size - outInfo.usedBytes;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const

+{

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();

+

+    inoutStats.size += size;

+

+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+        while(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;

+                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =

+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;

+    while(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+    {

+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+        while(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&

+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+

+        // Found non-null allocation.

+        if(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];

+            

+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+            if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+            

+            // 2. Process this allocation.

+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+            ++inoutStats.allocationCount;

+            

+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+        // We are at the end.

+        else

+        {

+            if(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;

+                inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+

+            // End of loop.

+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;

+        while(lastOffset < size)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                ++inoutStats.allocationCount;

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < size)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;

+                    inoutStats.unusedSize += unusedRangeSize;

+                    ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+                    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = size;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    const SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+    const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+    const size_t suballoc2ndCount = suballocations2nd.size();

+

+    // FIRST PASS

+

+    size_t unusedRangeCount = 0;

+    VkDeviceSize usedBytes = 0;

+

+    VkDeviceSize lastOffset = 0;

+

+    size_t alloc2ndCount = 0;

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;

+        while(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    ++unusedRangeCount;

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                ++alloc2ndCount;

+                usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.

+                    ++unusedRangeCount;

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    size_t nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    size_t alloc1stCount = 0;

+    const VkDeviceSize freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd =

+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ? suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;

+    while(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+    {

+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+        while(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&

+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+

+        // Found non-null allocation.

+        if(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];

+            

+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+            if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                ++unusedRangeCount;

+            }

+            

+            // 2. Process this allocation.

+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+            ++alloc1stCount;

+            usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+            

+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+        // We are at the end.

+        else

+        {

+            if(lastOffset < size)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.

+                ++unusedRangeCount;

+            }

+

+            // End of loop.

+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;

+        while(lastOffset < size)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    ++unusedRangeCount;

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                ++alloc2ndCount;

+                usedBytes += suballoc.size;

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < size)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.

+                    ++unusedRangeCount;

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = size;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    const VkDeviceSize unusedBytes = size - usedBytes;

+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(json, unusedBytes, alloc1stCount + alloc2ndCount, unusedRangeCount);

+

+    // SECOND PASS

+    lastOffset = 0;

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset;

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = 0;

+        while(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex < suballoc2ndCount)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.hAllocation);

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                ++nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd - lastOffset;

+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = freeSpace2ndTo1stEnd;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    nextAlloc1stIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    while(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+    {

+        // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAllocIndex to the end.

+        while(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount &&

+            suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+

+        // Found non-null allocation.

+        if(nextAlloc1stIndex < suballoc1stCount)

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[nextAlloc1stIndex];

+            

+            // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+            if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+            

+            // 2. Process this allocation.

+            // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.hAllocation);

+            

+            // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+            lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+            ++nextAlloc1stIndex;

+        }

+        // We are at the end.

+        else

+        {

+            if(lastOffset < freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd)

+            {

+                // There is free space from lastOffset to freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd.

+                const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd - lastOffset;

+                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+

+            // End of loop.

+            lastOffset = freeSpace1stTo2ndEnd;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        size_t nextAlloc2ndIndex = suballocations2nd.size() - 1;

+        while(lastOffset < size)

+        {

+            // Find next non-null allocation or move nextAlloc2ndIndex to the end.

+            while(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX &&

+                suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+

+            // Found non-null allocation.

+            if(nextAlloc2ndIndex != SIZE_MAX)

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[nextAlloc2ndIndex];

+            

+                // 1. Process free space before this allocation.

+                if(lastOffset < suballoc.offset)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to suballoc.offset.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = suballoc.offset - lastOffset;

+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+            

+                // 2. Process this allocation.

+                // There is allocation with suballoc.offset, suballoc.size.

+                PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, suballoc.offset, suballoc.hAllocation);

+            

+                // 3. Prepare for next iteration.

+                lastOffset = suballoc.offset + suballoc.size;

+                --nextAlloc2ndIndex;

+            }

+            // We are at the end.

+            else

+            {

+                if(lastOffset < size)

+                {

+                    // There is free space from lastOffset to size.

+                    const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = size - lastOffset;

+                    PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, lastOffset, unusedRangeSize);

+                }

+

+                // End of loop.

+                lastOffset = size;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);

+}

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    bool upperAddress,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocSize > 0);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocType != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationRequest != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());

+    return upperAddress ?

+        CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(

+            currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount, bufferImageGranularity,

+            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, canMakeOtherLost, strategy, pAllocationRequest) :

+        CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(

+            currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount, bufferImageGranularity,

+            allocSize, allocAlignment, allocType, canMakeOtherLost, strategy, pAllocationRequest);

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_UpperAddress(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Trying to use pool with linear algorithm as double stack, while it is already being used as ring buffer.");

+        return false;

+    }

+

+    // Try to allocate before 2nd.back(), or end of block if 2nd.empty().

+    if(allocSize > size)

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+    VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = size - allocSize;

+    if(!suballocations2nd.empty())

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();

+        resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset - allocSize;

+        if(allocSize > lastSuballoc.offset)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Start from offset equal to end of free space.

+    VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;

+

+    // Apply VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN at the end.

+    if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0)

+    {

+        if(resultOffset < VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN)

+        {

+            return false;

+        }

+        resultOffset -= VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+    }

+

+    // Apply alignment.

+    resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, allocAlignment);

+

+    // Check next suballocations from 2nd for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+    // Make bigger alignment if necessary.

+    if(bufferImageGranularity > 1 && !suballocations2nd.empty())

+    {

+        bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;

+        for(size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];

+            if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+            {

+                if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(nextSuballoc.type, allocType))

+                {

+                    bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;

+                    break;

+                }

+            }

+            else

+                // Already on previous page.

+                break;

+        }

+        if(bufferImageGranularityConflict)

+        {

+            resultOffset = VmaAlignDown(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);

+        }

+    }

+

+    // There is enough free space.

+    const VkDeviceSize endOf1st = !suballocations1st.empty() ?

+        suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size :

+        0;

+    if(endOf1st + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN <= resultOffset)

+    {

+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+        {

+            for(size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, prevSuballoc.type))

+                    {

+                        return false;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    // Already on next page.

+                    break;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+

+        // All tests passed: Success.

+        pAllocationRequest->offset = resultOffset;

+        pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize = resultBaseOffset + allocSize - endOf1st;

+        pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize = 0;

+        // pAllocationRequest->item unused.

+        pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount = 0;

+        pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress;

+        return true;

+    }

+

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CreateAllocationRequest_LowerAddress(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize size = GetSize();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        // Try to allocate at the end of 1st vector.

+

+        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;

+        if(!suballocations1st.empty())

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();

+            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size;

+        }

+

+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.

+        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;

+

+        // Apply VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN at the beginning.

+        if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0)

+        {

+            resultOffset += VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+

+        // Apply alignment.

+        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);

+

+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1 && !suballocations1st.empty())

+        {

+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;

+            for(size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations1st.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations1st[prevSuballocIndex];

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))

+                    {

+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                    // Already on previous page.

+                    break;

+            }

+            if(bufferImageGranularityConflict)

+            {

+                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);

+            }

+        }

+

+        const VkDeviceSize freeSpaceEnd = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK ?

+            suballocations2nd.back().offset : size;

+

+        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.

+        if(resultOffset + allocSize + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN <= freeSpaceEnd)

+        {

+            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.

+            if(bufferImageGranularity > 1 && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+            {

+                for(size_t nextSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); nextSuballocIndex--; )

+                {

+                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations2nd[nextSuballocIndex];

+                    if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                    {

+                        if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))

+                        {

+                            return false;

+                        }

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        // Already on previous page.

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+

+            // All tests passed: Success.

+            pAllocationRequest->offset = resultOffset;

+            pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize = freeSpaceEnd - resultBaseOffset;

+            pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize = 0;

+            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.

+            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st;

+            pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount = 0;

+            return true;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Wrap-around to end of 2nd vector. Try to allocate there, watching for the

+    // beginning of 1st vector as the end of free space.

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty());

+

+        VkDeviceSize resultBaseOffset = 0;

+        if(!suballocations2nd.empty())

+        {

+            const VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();

+            resultBaseOffset = lastSuballoc.offset + lastSuballoc.size;

+        }

+

+        // Start from offset equal to beginning of free space.

+        VkDeviceSize resultOffset = resultBaseOffset;

+

+        // Apply VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN at the beginning.

+        if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0)

+        {

+            resultOffset += VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN;

+        }

+

+        // Apply alignment.

+        resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, allocAlignment);

+

+        // Check previous suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+        // Make bigger alignment if necessary.

+        if(bufferImageGranularity > 1 && !suballocations2nd.empty())

+        {

+            bool bufferImageGranularityConflict = false;

+            for(size_t prevSuballocIndex = suballocations2nd.size(); prevSuballocIndex--; )

+            {

+                const VmaSuballocation& prevSuballoc = suballocations2nd[prevSuballocIndex];

+                if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(prevSuballoc.offset, prevSuballoc.size, resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                {

+                    if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(prevSuballoc.type, allocType))

+                    {

+                        bufferImageGranularityConflict = true;

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+                else

+                    // Already on previous page.

+                    break;

+            }

+            if(bufferImageGranularityConflict)

+            {

+                resultOffset = VmaAlignUp(resultOffset, bufferImageGranularity);

+            }

+        }

+

+        pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount = 0;

+        pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize = 0;

+        size_t index1st = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+

+        if(canMakeOtherLost)

+        {

+            while(index1st < suballocations1st.size() &&

+                resultOffset + allocSize + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > suballocations1st[index1st].offset)

+            {

+                // Next colliding allocation at the beginning of 1st vector found. Try to make it lost.

+                const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[index1st];

+                if(suballoc.type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+                {

+                    // No problem.

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+                    if(suballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+                        suballoc.hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex() + frameInUseCount < currentFrameIndex)

+                    {

+                        ++pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount;

+                        pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize += suballoc.size;

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        return false;

+                    }

+                }

+                ++index1st;

+            }

+

+            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+            // If conflict exists, we must mark more allocations lost or fail.

+            if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+            {

+                while(index1st < suballocations1st.size())

+                {

+                    const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[index1st];

+                    if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, suballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                    {

+                        if(suballoc.hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+                        {

+                            // Not checking actual VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, suballoc.type).

+                            if(suballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+                                suballoc.hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex() + frameInUseCount < currentFrameIndex)

+                            {

+                                ++pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount;

+                                pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize += suballoc.size;

+                            }

+                            else

+                            {

+                                return false;

+                            }

+                        }

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        // Already on next page.

+                        break;

+                    }

+                    ++index1st;

+                }

+            }

+

+            // Special case: There is not enough room at the end for this allocation, even after making all from the 1st lost.

+            if(index1st == suballocations1st.size() &&

+                resultOffset + allocSize + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > size)

+            {

+                // TODO: This is a known bug that it's not yet implemented and the allocation is failing.

+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("Unsupported special case in custom pool with linear allocation algorithm used as ring buffer with allocations that can be lost.");

+            }

+        }

+

+        // There is enough free space at the end after alignment.

+        if((index1st == suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN <= size) ||

+            (index1st < suballocations1st.size() && resultOffset + allocSize + VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN <= suballocations1st[index1st].offset))

+        {

+            // Check next suballocations for BufferImageGranularity conflicts.

+            // If conflict exists, allocation cannot be made here.

+            if(bufferImageGranularity > 1)

+            {

+                for(size_t nextSuballocIndex = index1st;

+                    nextSuballocIndex < suballocations1st.size();

+                    nextSuballocIndex++)

+                {

+                    const VmaSuballocation& nextSuballoc = suballocations1st[nextSuballocIndex];

+                    if(VmaBlocksOnSamePage(resultOffset, allocSize, nextSuballoc.offset, bufferImageGranularity))

+                    {

+                        if(VmaIsBufferImageGranularityConflict(allocType, nextSuballoc.type))

+                        {

+                            return false;

+                        }

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        // Already on next page.

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+

+            // All tests passed: Success.

+            pAllocationRequest->offset = resultOffset;

+            pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize =

+                (index1st < suballocations1st.size() ? suballocations1st[index1st].offset : size)

+                - resultBaseOffset

+                - pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize;

+            pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd;

+            // pAllocationRequest->item, customData unused.

+            return true;

+        }

+    }

+

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    if(pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount == 0)

+    {

+        return true;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY || m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER);

+    

+    // We always start from 1st.

+    SuballocationVectorType* suballocations = &AccessSuballocations1st();

+    size_t index = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+    size_t madeLostCount = 0;

+    while(madeLostCount < pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount)

+    {

+        if(index == suballocations->size())

+        {

+            index = 0;

+            // If we get to the end of 1st, we wrap around to beginning of 2nd of 1st.

+            if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+            {

+                suballocations = &AccessSuballocations2nd();

+            }

+            // else: m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY:

+            // suballocations continues pointing at AccessSuballocations1st().

+            VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations->empty());

+        }

+        VmaSuballocation& suballoc = (*suballocations)[index];

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.hAllocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+            VMA_ASSERT(suballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost());

+            if(suballoc.hAllocation->MakeLost(currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount))

+            {

+                suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+                suballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+                m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;

+                if(suballocations == &AccessSuballocations1st())

+                {

+                    ++m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    ++m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+                }

+                ++madeLostCount;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                return false;

+            }

+        }

+        ++index;

+    }

+

+    CleanupAfterFree();

+    //VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate()); // Already called by ClanupAfterFree().

+    

+    return true;

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount)

+{

+    uint32_t lostAllocationCount = 0;

+    

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    for(size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount, count = suballocations1st.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&

+            suballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+            suballoc.hAllocation->MakeLost(currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount))

+        {

+            suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+            suballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            ++m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+            m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;

+            ++lostAllocationCount;

+        }

+    }

+

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+    for(size_t i = 0, count = suballocations2nd.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE &&

+            suballoc.hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+            suballoc.hAllocation->MakeLost(currentFrameIndex, frameInUseCount))

+        {

+            suballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+            suballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            ++m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+            m_SumFreeSize += suballoc.size;

+            ++lostAllocationCount;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(lostAllocationCount)

+    {

+        CleanupAfterFree();

+    }

+

+    return lostAllocationCount;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CheckCorruption(const void* pBlockData)

+{

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    for(size_t i = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount, count = suballocations1st.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations1st[i];

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED BEFORE VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+    for(size_t i = 0, count = suballocations2nd.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        const VmaSuballocation& suballoc = suballocations2nd[i];

+        if(suballoc.type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+        {

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED BEFORE VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+            if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pBlockData, suballoc.offset + suballoc.size))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER VALIDATED ALLOCATION!");

+                return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Alloc(

+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+    VmaSuballocationType type,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    const VmaSuballocation newSuballoc = { request.offset, allocSize, hAllocation, type };

+

+    switch(request.type)

+    {

+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::UpperAddress:

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER &&

+                "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as double stack while it was already used as ring buffer.");

+            SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+            suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);

+            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK;

+        }

+        break;

+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf1st:

+        {

+            SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+

+            VMA_ASSERT(suballocations1st.empty() ||

+                request.offset >= suballocations1st.back().offset + suballocations1st.back().size);

+            // Check if it fits before the end of the block.

+            VMA_ASSERT(request.offset + allocSize <= GetSize());

+

+            suballocations1st.push_back(newSuballoc);

+        }

+        break;

+    case VmaAllocationRequestType::EndOf2nd:

+        {

+            SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+            // New allocation at the end of 2-part ring buffer, so before first allocation from 1st vector.

+            VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations1st.empty() &&

+                request.offset + allocSize <= suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].offset);

+            SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+            switch(m_2ndVectorMode)

+            {

+            case SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY:

+                // First allocation from second part ring buffer.

+                VMA_ASSERT(suballocations2nd.empty());

+                m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER;

+                break;

+            case SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER:

+                // 2-part ring buffer is already started.

+                VMA_ASSERT(!suballocations2nd.empty());

+                break;

+            case SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK:

+                VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL ERROR: Trying to use linear allocator as ring buffer while it was already used as double stack.");

+                break;

+            default:

+                VMA_ASSERT(0);

+            }

+

+            suballocations2nd.push_back(newSuballoc);

+        }

+        break;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "CRITICAL INTERNAL ERROR.");

+    }

+

+    m_SumFreeSize -= newSuballoc.size;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::Free(const VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    FreeAtOffset(allocation->GetOffset());

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::FreeAtOffset(VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+    if(!suballocations1st.empty())

+    {

+        // First allocation: Mark it as next empty at the beginning.

+        VmaSuballocation& firstSuballoc = suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount];

+        if(firstSuballoc.offset == offset)

+        {

+            firstSuballoc.type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+            firstSuballoc.hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            m_SumFreeSize += firstSuballoc.size;

+            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+            CleanupAfterFree();

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Last allocation in 2-part ring buffer or top of upper stack (same logic).

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ||

+        m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_DOUBLE_STACK)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations2nd.back();

+        if(lastSuballoc.offset == offset)

+        {

+            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;

+            suballocations2nd.pop_back();

+            CleanupAfterFree();

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+    // Last allocation in 1st vector.

+    else if(m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation& lastSuballoc = suballocations1st.back();

+        if(lastSuballoc.offset == offset)

+        {

+            m_SumFreeSize += lastSuballoc.size;

+            suballocations1st.pop_back();

+            CleanupAfterFree();

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Item from the middle of 1st vector.

+    {

+        VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;

+        refSuballoc.offset = offset;

+        // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.

+        SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindSorted(

+            suballocations1st.begin() + m_1stNullItemsBeginCount,

+            suballocations1st.end(),

+            refSuballoc,

+            VmaSuballocationOffsetLess());

+        if(it != suballocations1st.end())

+        {

+            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+            it->hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            ++m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;

+            CleanupAfterFree();

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(m_2ndVectorMode != SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY)

+    {

+        // Item from the middle of 2nd vector.

+        VmaSuballocation refSuballoc;

+        refSuballoc.offset = offset;

+        // Rest of members stays uninitialized intentionally for better performance.

+        SuballocationVectorType::iterator it = m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER ?

+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetLess()) :

+            VmaBinaryFindSorted(suballocations2nd.begin(), suballocations2nd.end(), refSuballoc, VmaSuballocationOffsetGreater());

+        if(it != suballocations2nd.end())

+        {

+            it->type = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+            it->hAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            ++m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+            m_SumFreeSize += it->size;

+            CleanupAfterFree();

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Allocation to free not found in linear allocator!");

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::ShouldCompact1st() const

+{

+    const size_t nullItemCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+    const size_t suballocCount = AccessSuballocations1st().size();

+    return suballocCount > 32 && nullItemCount * 2 >= (suballocCount - nullItemCount) * 3;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Linear::CleanupAfterFree()

+{

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations1st = AccessSuballocations1st();

+    SuballocationVectorType& suballocations2nd = AccessSuballocations2nd();

+

+    if(IsEmpty())

+    {

+        suballocations1st.clear();

+        suballocations2nd.clear();

+        m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;

+        m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;

+        m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;

+        m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        const size_t suballoc1stCount = suballocations1st.size();

+        const size_t nullItem1stCount = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount + m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+        VMA_ASSERT(nullItem1stCount <= suballoc1stCount);

+

+        // Find more null items at the beginning of 1st vector.

+        while(m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballoc1stCount &&

+            suballocations1st[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+        }

+

+        // Find more null items at the end of 1st vector.

+        while(m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount > 0 &&

+            suballocations1st.back().hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+            suballocations1st.pop_back();

+        }

+

+        // Find more null items at the end of 2nd vector.

+        while(m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&

+            suballocations2nd.back().hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+            suballocations2nd.pop_back();

+        }

+

+        // Find more null items at the beginning of 2nd vector.

+        while(m_2ndNullItemsCount > 0 &&

+            suballocations2nd[0].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            --m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+            VmaVectorRemove(suballocations2nd, 0);

+        }

+

+        if(ShouldCompact1st())

+        {

+            const size_t nonNullItemCount = suballoc1stCount - nullItem1stCount;

+            size_t srcIndex = m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+            for(size_t dstIndex = 0; dstIndex < nonNullItemCount; ++dstIndex)

+            {

+                while(suballocations1st[srcIndex].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+                {

+                    ++srcIndex;

+                }

+                if(dstIndex != srcIndex)

+                {

+                    suballocations1st[dstIndex] = suballocations1st[srcIndex];

+                }

+                ++srcIndex;

+            }

+            suballocations1st.resize(nonNullItemCount);

+            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;

+            m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = 0;

+        }

+

+        // 2nd vector became empty.

+        if(suballocations2nd.empty())

+        {

+            m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;

+        }

+

+        // 1st vector became empty.

+        if(suballocations1st.size() - m_1stNullItemsBeginCount == 0)

+        {

+            suballocations1st.clear();

+            m_1stNullItemsBeginCount = 0;

+

+            if(!suballocations2nd.empty() && m_2ndVectorMode == SECOND_VECTOR_RING_BUFFER)

+            {

+                // Swap 1st with 2nd. Now 2nd is empty.

+                m_2ndVectorMode = SECOND_VECTOR_EMPTY;

+                m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount = m_2ndNullItemsCount;

+                while(m_1stNullItemsBeginCount < suballocations2nd.size() &&

+                    suballocations2nd[m_1stNullItemsBeginCount].hAllocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+                {

+                    ++m_1stNullItemsBeginCount;

+                    --m_1stNullItemsMiddleCount;

+                }

+                m_2ndNullItemsCount = 0;

+                m_1stVectorIndex ^= 1;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(Validate());

+}

+

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy(VmaAllocator hAllocator) :

+    VmaBlockMetadata(hAllocator),

+    m_Root(VMA_NULL),

+    m_AllocationCount(0),

+    m_FreeCount(1),

+    m_SumFreeSize(0)

+{

+    memset(m_FreeList, 0, sizeof(m_FreeList));

+}

+

+VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::~VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy()

+{

+    DeleteNode(m_Root);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Init(VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    VmaBlockMetadata::Init(size);

+

+    m_UsableSize = VmaPrevPow2(size);

+    m_SumFreeSize = m_UsableSize;

+

+    // Calculate m_LevelCount.

+    m_LevelCount = 1;

+    while(m_LevelCount < MAX_LEVELS &&

+        LevelToNodeSize(m_LevelCount) >= MIN_NODE_SIZE)

+    {

+        ++m_LevelCount;

+    }

+

+    Node* rootNode = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), Node)();

+    rootNode->offset = 0;

+    rootNode->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;

+    rootNode->parent = VMA_NULL;

+    rootNode->buddy = VMA_NULL;

+

+    m_Root = rootNode;

+    AddToFreeListFront(0, rootNode);

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Validate() const

+{

+    // Validate tree.

+    ValidationContext ctx;

+    if(!ValidateNode(ctx, VMA_NULL, m_Root, 0, LevelToNodeSize(0)))

+    {

+        VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode failed.");

+    }

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_AllocationCount == ctx.calculatedAllocationCount);

+    VMA_VALIDATE(m_SumFreeSize == ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize);

+

+    // Validate free node lists.

+    for(uint32_t level = 0; level < m_LevelCount; ++level)

+    {

+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL ||

+            m_FreeList[level].front->free.prev == VMA_NULL);

+

+        for(Node* node = m_FreeList[level].front;

+            node != VMA_NULL;

+            node = node->free.next)

+        {

+            VMA_VALIDATE(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);

+            

+            if(node->free.next == VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].back == node);

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(node->free.next->free.prev == node);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Validate that free lists ar higher levels are empty.

+    for(uint32_t level = m_LevelCount; level < MAX_LEVELS; ++level)

+    {

+        VMA_VALIDATE(m_FreeList[level].front == VMA_NULL && m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);

+    }

+

+    return true;

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::GetUnusedRangeSizeMax() const

+{

+    for(uint32_t level = 0; level < m_LevelCount; ++level)

+    {

+        if(m_FreeList[level].front != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            return LevelToNodeSize(level);

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CalcAllocationStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo) const

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();

+

+    outInfo.blockCount = 1;

+

+    outInfo.allocationCount = outInfo.unusedRangeCount = 0;

+    outInfo.usedBytes = outInfo.unusedBytes = 0;

+

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMax = outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.allocationSizeAvg = outInfo.unusedRangeSizeAvg = 0; // Unused.

+

+    CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(outInfo, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));

+

+    if(unusableSize > 0)

+    {

+        ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+        outInfo.unusedBytes += unusableSize;

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusableSize);

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusableSize);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddPoolStats(VmaPoolStats& inoutStats) const

+{

+    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();

+

+    inoutStats.size += GetSize();

+    inoutStats.unusedSize += m_SumFreeSize + unusableSize;

+    inoutStats.allocationCount += m_AllocationCount;

+    inoutStats.unusedRangeCount += m_FreeCount;

+    inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax, GetUnusedRangeSizeMax());

+

+    if(unusableSize > 0)

+    {

+        ++inoutStats.unusedRangeCount;

+        // Not updating inoutStats.unusedRangeSizeMax with unusableSize because this space is not available for allocations.

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json) const

+{

+    // TODO optimize

+    VmaStatInfo stat;

+    CalcAllocationStatInfo(stat);

+

+    PrintDetailedMap_Begin(

+        json,

+        stat.unusedBytes,

+        stat.allocationCount,

+        stat.unusedRangeCount);

+

+    PrintDetailedMapNode(json, m_Root, LevelToNodeSize(0));

+

+    const VkDeviceSize unusableSize = GetUnusableSize();

+    if(unusableSize > 0)

+    {

+        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json,

+            m_UsableSize, // offset

+            unusableSize); // size

+    }

+

+    PrintDetailedMap_End(json);

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CreateAllocationRequest(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VkDeviceSize allocAlignment,

+    bool upperAddress,

+    VmaSuballocationType allocType,

+    bool canMakeOtherLost,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(!upperAddress && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT can be used only with linear algorithm.");

+

+    // Simple way to respect bufferImageGranularity. May be optimized some day.

+    // Whenever it might be an OPTIMAL image...

+    if(allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||

+        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN ||

+        allocType == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL)

+    {

+        allocAlignment = VMA_MAX(allocAlignment, bufferImageGranularity);

+        allocSize = VMA_MAX(allocSize, bufferImageGranularity);

+    }

+

+    if(allocSize > m_UsableSize)

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+

+    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(allocSize);

+    for(uint32_t level = targetLevel + 1; level--; )

+    {

+        for(Node* freeNode = m_FreeList[level].front;

+            freeNode != VMA_NULL;

+            freeNode = freeNode->free.next)

+        {

+            if(freeNode->offset % allocAlignment == 0)

+            {

+                pAllocationRequest->type = VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal;

+                pAllocationRequest->offset = freeNode->offset;

+                pAllocationRequest->sumFreeSize = LevelToNodeSize(level);

+                pAllocationRequest->sumItemSize = 0;

+                pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount = 0;

+                pAllocationRequest->customData = (void*)(uintptr_t)level;

+                return true;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    VmaAllocationRequest* pAllocationRequest)

+{

+    /*

+    Lost allocations are not supported in buddy allocator at the moment.

+    Support might be added in the future.

+    */

+    return pAllocationRequest->itemsToMakeLostCount == 0;

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::MakeAllocationsLost(uint32_t currentFrameIndex, uint32_t frameInUseCount)

+{

+    /*

+    Lost allocations are not supported in buddy allocator at the moment.

+    Support might be added in the future.

+    */

+    return 0;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::Alloc(

+    const VmaAllocationRequest& request,

+    VmaSuballocationType type,

+    VkDeviceSize allocSize,

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(request.type == VmaAllocationRequestType::Normal);

+

+    const uint32_t targetLevel = AllocSizeToLevel(allocSize);

+    uint32_t currLevel = (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)request.customData;

+    

+    Node* currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;

+    VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);

+    while(currNode->offset != request.offset)

+    {

+        currNode = currNode->free.next;

+        VMA_ASSERT(currNode != VMA_NULL && currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);

+    }

+    

+    // Go down, splitting free nodes.

+    while(currLevel < targetLevel)

+    {

+        // currNode is already first free node at currLevel.

+        // Remove it from list of free nodes at this currLevel.

+        RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);

+         

+        const uint32_t childrenLevel = currLevel + 1;

+

+        // Create two free sub-nodes.

+        Node* leftChild = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), Node)();

+        Node* rightChild = vma_new(GetAllocationCallbacks(), Node)();

+

+        leftChild->offset = currNode->offset;

+        leftChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;

+        leftChild->parent = currNode;

+        leftChild->buddy = rightChild;

+

+        rightChild->offset = currNode->offset + LevelToNodeSize(childrenLevel);

+        rightChild->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;

+        rightChild->parent = currNode;

+        rightChild->buddy = leftChild;

+

+        // Convert current currNode to split type.

+        currNode->type = Node::TYPE_SPLIT;

+        currNode->split.leftChild = leftChild;

+

+        // Add child nodes to free list. Order is important!

+        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, rightChild);

+        AddToFreeListFront(childrenLevel, leftChild);

+

+        ++m_FreeCount;

+        //m_SumFreeSize -= LevelToNodeSize(currLevel) % 2; // Useful only when level node sizes can be non power of 2.

+        ++currLevel;

+        currNode = m_FreeList[currLevel].front;

+

+        /*

+        We can be sure that currNode, as left child of node previously split,

+        also fullfills the alignment requirement.

+        */

+    }

+

+    // Remove from free list.

+    VMA_ASSERT(currLevel == targetLevel &&

+        currNode != VMA_NULL &&

+        currNode->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);

+    RemoveFromFreeList(currLevel, currNode);

+

+    // Convert to allocation node.

+    currNode->type = Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION;

+    currNode->allocation.alloc = hAllocation;

+

+    ++m_AllocationCount;

+    --m_FreeCount;

+    m_SumFreeSize -= allocSize;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::DeleteNode(Node* node)

+{

+    if(node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)

+    {

+        DeleteNode(node->split.leftChild->buddy);

+        DeleteNode(node->split.leftChild);

+    }

+

+    vma_delete(GetAllocationCallbacks(), node);

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::ValidateNode(ValidationContext& ctx, const Node* parent, const Node* curr, uint32_t level, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const

+{

+    VMA_VALIDATE(level < m_LevelCount);

+    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->parent == parent);

+    VMA_VALIDATE((curr->buddy == VMA_NULL) == (parent == VMA_NULL));

+    VMA_VALIDATE(curr->buddy == VMA_NULL || curr->buddy->buddy == curr);

+    switch(curr->type)

+    {

+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:

+        // curr->free.prev, next are validated separately.

+        ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize += levelNodeSize;

+        ++ctx.calculatedFreeCount;

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:

+        ++ctx.calculatedAllocationCount;

+        ctx.calculatedSumFreeSize += levelNodeSize - curr->allocation.alloc->GetSize();

+        VMA_VALIDATE(curr->allocation.alloc != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:

+        {

+            const uint32_t childrenLevel = level + 1;

+            const VkDeviceSize childrenLevelNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;

+            const Node* const leftChild = curr->split.leftChild;

+            VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild != VMA_NULL);

+            VMA_VALIDATE(leftChild->offset == curr->offset);

+            if(!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, leftChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for left child failed.");

+            }

+            const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;

+            VMA_VALIDATE(rightChild->offset == curr->offset + childrenLevelNodeSize);

+            if(!ValidateNode(ctx, curr, rightChild, childrenLevel, childrenLevelNodeSize))

+            {

+                VMA_VALIDATE(false && "ValidateNode for right child failed.");

+            }

+        }

+        break;

+    default:

+        return false;

+    }

+

+    return true;

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AllocSizeToLevel(VkDeviceSize allocSize) const

+{

+    // I know this could be optimized somehow e.g. by using std::log2p1 from C++20.

+    uint32_t level = 0;

+    VkDeviceSize currLevelNodeSize = m_UsableSize;

+    VkDeviceSize nextLevelNodeSize = currLevelNodeSize >> 1;

+    while(allocSize <= nextLevelNodeSize && level + 1 < m_LevelCount)

+    {

+        ++level;

+        currLevelNodeSize = nextLevelNodeSize;

+        nextLevelNodeSize = currLevelNodeSize >> 1;

+    }

+    return level;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::FreeAtOffset(VmaAllocation alloc, VkDeviceSize offset)

+{

+    // Find node and level.

+    Node* node = m_Root;

+    VkDeviceSize nodeOffset = 0;

+    uint32_t level = 0;

+    VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize = LevelToNodeSize(0);

+    while(node->type == Node::TYPE_SPLIT)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize nextLevelSize = levelNodeSize >> 1;

+        if(offset < nodeOffset + nextLevelSize)

+        {

+            node = node->split.leftChild;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            node = node->split.leftChild->buddy;

+            nodeOffset += nextLevelSize;

+        }

+        ++level;

+        levelNodeSize = nextLevelSize;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(node != VMA_NULL && node->type == Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION);

+    VMA_ASSERT(alloc == VK_NULL_HANDLE || node->allocation.alloc == alloc);

+

+    ++m_FreeCount;

+    --m_AllocationCount;

+    m_SumFreeSize += alloc->GetSize();

+

+    node->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;

+

+    // Join free nodes if possible.

+    while(level > 0 && node->buddy->type == Node::TYPE_FREE)

+    {

+        RemoveFromFreeList(level, node->buddy);

+        Node* const parent = node->parent;

+

+        vma_delete(GetAllocationCallbacks(), node->buddy);

+        vma_delete(GetAllocationCallbacks(), node);

+        parent->type = Node::TYPE_FREE;

+        

+        node = parent;

+        --level;

+        //m_SumFreeSize += LevelToNodeSize(level) % 2; // Useful only when level node sizes can be non power of 2.

+        --m_FreeCount;

+    }

+

+    AddToFreeListFront(level, node);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(VmaStatInfo& outInfo, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const

+{

+    switch(node->type)

+    {

+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:

+        ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+        outInfo.unusedBytes += levelNodeSize;

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, levelNodeSize);

+        outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, levelNodeSize);

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:

+        {

+            const VkDeviceSize allocSize = node->allocation.alloc->GetSize();

+            ++outInfo.allocationCount;

+            outInfo.usedBytes += allocSize;

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.allocationSizeMax, allocSize);

+            outInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MAX(outInfo.allocationSizeMin, allocSize);

+

+            const VkDeviceSize unusedRangeSize = levelNodeSize - allocSize;

+            if(unusedRangeSize > 0)

+            {

+                ++outInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+                outInfo.unusedBytes += unusedRangeSize;

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, unusedRangeSize);

+                outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MAX(outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, unusedRangeSize);

+            }

+        }

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:

+        {

+            const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;

+            const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;

+            CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(outInfo, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);

+            const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;

+            CalcAllocationStatInfoNode(outInfo, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);

+        }

+        break;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::AddToFreeListFront(uint32_t level, Node* node)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(node->type == Node::TYPE_FREE);

+

+    // List is empty.

+    Node* const frontNode = m_FreeList[level].front;

+    if(frontNode == VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == VMA_NULL);

+        node->free.prev = node->free.next = VMA_NULL;

+        m_FreeList[level].front = m_FreeList[level].back = node;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(frontNode->free.prev == VMA_NULL);

+        node->free.prev = VMA_NULL;

+        node->free.next = frontNode;

+        frontNode->free.prev = node;

+        m_FreeList[level].front = node;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::RemoveFromFreeList(uint32_t level, Node* node)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front != VMA_NULL);

+

+    // It is at the front.

+    if(node->free.prev == VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].front == node);

+        m_FreeList[level].front = node->free.next;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        Node* const prevFreeNode = node->free.prev;

+        VMA_ASSERT(prevFreeNode->free.next == node);

+        prevFreeNode->free.next = node->free.next;

+    }

+

+    // It is at the back.

+    if(node->free.next == VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_FreeList[level].back == node);

+        m_FreeList[level].back = node->free.prev;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        Node* const nextFreeNode = node->free.next;

+        VMA_ASSERT(nextFreeNode->free.prev == node);

+        nextFreeNode->free.prev = node->free.prev;

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+void VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy::PrintDetailedMapNode(class VmaJsonWriter& json, const Node* node, VkDeviceSize levelNodeSize) const

+{

+    switch(node->type)

+    {

+    case Node::TYPE_FREE:

+        PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, node->offset, levelNodeSize);

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_ALLOCATION:

+        {   

+            PrintDetailedMap_Allocation(json, node->offset, node->allocation.alloc);

+            const VkDeviceSize allocSize = node->allocation.alloc->GetSize();

+            if(allocSize < levelNodeSize)

+            {

+                PrintDetailedMap_UnusedRange(json, node->offset + allocSize, levelNodeSize - allocSize);

+            }

+        }

+        break;

+    case Node::TYPE_SPLIT:

+        {

+            const VkDeviceSize childrenNodeSize = levelNodeSize / 2;

+            const Node* const leftChild = node->split.leftChild;

+            PrintDetailedMapNode(json, leftChild, childrenNodeSize);

+            const Node* const rightChild = leftChild->buddy;

+            PrintDetailedMapNode(json, rightChild, childrenNodeSize);

+        }

+        break;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+    }

+}

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// class VmaDeviceMemoryBlock

+

+VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::VmaDeviceMemoryBlock(VmaAllocator hAllocator) :

+    m_pMetadata(VMA_NULL),

+    m_MemoryTypeIndex(UINT32_MAX),

+    m_Id(0),

+    m_hMemory(VK_NULL_HANDLE),

+    m_MapCount(0),

+    m_pMappedData(VMA_NULL)

+{

+}

+

+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Init(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaPool hParentPool,

+    uint32_t newMemoryTypeIndex,

+    VkDeviceMemory newMemory,

+    VkDeviceSize newSize,

+    uint32_t id,

+    uint32_t algorithm)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory == VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+

+    m_hParentPool = hParentPool;

+    m_MemoryTypeIndex = newMemoryTypeIndex;

+    m_Id = id;

+    m_hMemory = newMemory;

+

+    switch(algorithm)

+    {

+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT:

+        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Linear)(hAllocator);

+        break;

+    case VMA_POOL_CREATE_BUDDY_ALGORITHM_BIT:

+        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Buddy)(hAllocator);

+        break;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        // Fall-through.

+    case 0:

+        m_pMetadata = vma_new(hAllocator, VmaBlockMetadata_Generic)(hAllocator);

+    }

+    m_pMetadata->Init(newSize);

+}

+

+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Destroy(VmaAllocator allocator)

+{

+    // This is the most important assert in the entire library.

+    // Hitting it means you have some memory leak - unreleased VmaAllocation objects.

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_pMetadata->IsEmpty() && "Some allocations were not freed before destruction of this memory block!");

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    allocator->FreeVulkanMemory(m_MemoryTypeIndex, m_pMetadata->GetSize(), m_hMemory);

+    m_hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+

+    vma_delete(allocator, m_pMetadata);

+    m_pMetadata = VMA_NULL;

+}

+

+bool VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Validate() const

+{

+    VMA_VALIDATE((m_hMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) &&

+        (m_pMetadata->GetSize() != 0));

+    

+    return m_pMetadata->Validate();

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::CheckCorruption(VmaAllocator hAllocator)

+{

+    void* pData = nullptr;

+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);

+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    res = m_pMetadata->CheckCorruption(pData);

+

+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Map(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count, void** ppData)

+{

+    if(count == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    if(m_MapCount != 0)

+    {

+        m_MapCount += count;

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_pMappedData != VMA_NULL);

+        if(ppData != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            *ppData = m_pMappedData;

+        }

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VkResult result = (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkMapMemory)(

+            hAllocator->m_hDevice,

+            m_hMemory,

+            0, // offset

+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,

+            0, // flags

+            &m_pMappedData);

+        if(result == VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            if(ppData != VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                *ppData = m_pMappedData;

+            }

+            m_MapCount = count;

+        }

+        return result;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::Unmap(VmaAllocator hAllocator, uint32_t count)

+{

+    if(count == 0)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    if(m_MapCount >= count)

+    {

+        m_MapCount -= count;

+        if(m_MapCount == 0)

+        {

+            m_pMappedData = VMA_NULL;

+            (*hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkUnmapMemory)(hAllocator->m_hDevice, m_hMemory);

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VkDeviceMemory block is being unmapped while it was not previously mapped.");

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::WriteMagicValueAroundAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocOffset >= VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+

+    void* pData;

+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);

+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    VmaWriteMagicValue(pData, allocOffset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+    VmaWriteMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize);

+

+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::ValidateMagicValueAroundAllocation(VmaAllocator hAllocator, VkDeviceSize allocOffset, VkDeviceSize allocSize)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0 && VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % 4 == 0 && VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocOffset >= VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+

+    void* pData;

+    VkResult res = Map(hAllocator, 1, &pData);

+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pData, allocOffset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN))

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED BEFORE FREED ALLOCATION!");

+    }

+    else if(!VmaValidateMagicValue(pData, allocOffset + allocSize))

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "MEMORY CORRUPTION DETECTED AFTER FREED ALLOCATION!");

+    }

+

+    Unmap(hAllocator, 1);

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindBufferMemory(

+    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkBuffer hBuffer,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&

+        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&

+        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");

+    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;

+    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    return hAllocator->BindVulkanBuffer(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hBuffer, pNext);

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDeviceMemoryBlock::BindImageMemory(

+    const VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    const VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkImage hImage,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(hAllocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK &&

+        hAllocation->GetBlock() == this);

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationLocalOffset < hAllocation->GetSize() &&

+        "Invalid allocationLocalOffset. Did you forget that this offset is relative to the beginning of the allocation, not the whole memory block?");

+    const VkDeviceSize memoryOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset() + allocationLocalOffset;

+    // This lock is important so that we don't call vkBind... and/or vkMap... simultaneously on the same VkDeviceMemory from multiple threads.

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_Mutex, hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    return hAllocator->BindVulkanImage(m_hMemory, memoryOffset, hImage, pNext);

+}

+

+static void InitStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& outInfo)

+{

+    memset(&outInfo, 0, sizeof(outInfo));

+    outInfo.allocationSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+    outInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = UINT64_MAX;

+}

+

+// Adds statistics srcInfo into inoutInfo, like: inoutInfo += srcInfo.

+static void VmaAddStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo, const VmaStatInfo& srcInfo)

+{

+    inoutInfo.blockCount += srcInfo.blockCount;

+    inoutInfo.allocationCount += srcInfo.allocationCount;

+    inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount += srcInfo.unusedRangeCount;

+    inoutInfo.usedBytes += srcInfo.usedBytes;

+    inoutInfo.unusedBytes += srcInfo.unusedBytes;

+    inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutInfo.allocationSizeMin, srcInfo.allocationSizeMin);

+    inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutInfo.allocationSizeMax, srcInfo.allocationSizeMax);

+    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin = VMA_MIN(inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin, srcInfo.unusedRangeSizeMin);

+    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax = VMA_MAX(inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax, srcInfo.unusedRangeSizeMax);

+}

+

+static void VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(VmaStatInfo& inoutInfo)

+{

+    inoutInfo.allocationSizeAvg = (inoutInfo.allocationCount > 0) ?

+        VmaRoundDiv<VkDeviceSize>(inoutInfo.usedBytes, inoutInfo.allocationCount) : 0;

+    inoutInfo.unusedRangeSizeAvg = (inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount > 0) ?

+        VmaRoundDiv<VkDeviceSize>(inoutInfo.unusedBytes, inoutInfo.unusedRangeCount) : 0;

+}

+

+VmaPool_T::VmaPool_T(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize) :

+    m_BlockVector(

+        hAllocator,

+        this, // hParentPool

+        createInfo.memoryTypeIndex,

+        createInfo.blockSize != 0 ? createInfo.blockSize : preferredBlockSize,

+        createInfo.minBlockCount,

+        createInfo.maxBlockCount,

+        (createInfo.flags & VMA_POOL_CREATE_IGNORE_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY_BIT) != 0 ? 1 : hAllocator->GetBufferImageGranularity(),

+        createInfo.frameInUseCount,

+        true, // isCustomPool

+        createInfo.blockSize != 0, // explicitBlockSize

+        createInfo.flags & VMA_POOL_CREATE_ALGORITHM_MASK), // algorithm

+    m_Id(0)

+{

+}

+

+VmaPool_T::~VmaPool_T()

+{

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+VmaBlockVector::VmaBlockVector(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaPool hParentPool,

+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,

+    VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize,

+    size_t minBlockCount,

+    size_t maxBlockCount,

+    VkDeviceSize bufferImageGranularity,

+    uint32_t frameInUseCount,

+    bool isCustomPool,

+    bool explicitBlockSize,

+    uint32_t algorithm) :

+    m_hAllocator(hAllocator),

+    m_hParentPool(hParentPool),

+    m_MemoryTypeIndex(memoryTypeIndex),

+    m_PreferredBlockSize(preferredBlockSize),

+    m_MinBlockCount(minBlockCount),

+    m_MaxBlockCount(maxBlockCount),

+    m_BufferImageGranularity(bufferImageGranularity),

+    m_FrameInUseCount(frameInUseCount),

+    m_IsCustomPool(isCustomPool),

+    m_ExplicitBlockSize(explicitBlockSize),

+    m_Algorithm(algorithm),

+    m_HasEmptyBlock(false),

+    m_Blocks(VmaStlAllocator<VmaDeviceMemoryBlock*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_NextBlockId(0)

+{

+}

+

+VmaBlockVector::~VmaBlockVector()

+{

+    for(size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        m_Blocks[i]->Destroy(m_hAllocator);

+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_Blocks[i]);

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateMinBlocks()

+{

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_MinBlockCount; ++i)

+    {

+        VkResult res = CreateBlock(m_PreferredBlockSize, VMA_NULL);

+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            return res;

+        }

+    }

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::GetPoolStats(VmaPoolStats* pStats)

+{

+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+

+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();

+

+    pStats->size = 0;

+    pStats->unusedSize = 0;

+    pStats->allocationCount = 0;

+    pStats->unusedRangeCount = 0;

+    pStats->unusedRangeSizeMax = 0;

+    pStats->blockCount = blockCount;

+

+    for(uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());

+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->AddPoolStats(*pStats);

+    }

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockVector::IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() const

+{

+    const uint32_t requiredMemFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;

+    return (VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION != 0) &&

+        (VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > 0) &&

+        (m_Algorithm == 0 || m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT) &&

+        (m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags & requiredMemFlags) == requiredMemFlags;

+}

+

+static const uint32_t VMA_ALLOCATION_TRY_COUNT = 32;

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::Allocate(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VkDeviceSize alignment,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    size_t allocIndex;

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+

+    if(IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+    {

+        size = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(size, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));

+        alignment = VmaAlignUp<VkDeviceSize>(alignment, sizeof(VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE));

+    }

+

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+        for(allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)

+        {

+            res = AllocatePage(

+                currentFrameIndex,

+                size,

+                alignment,

+                createInfo,

+                suballocType,

+                pAllocations + allocIndex);

+            if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        // Free all already created allocations.

+        while(allocIndex--)

+        {

+            Free(pAllocations[allocIndex]);

+        }

+        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocatePage(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VkDeviceSize alignment,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)

+{

+    const bool isUpperAddress = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;

+    bool canMakeOtherLost = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT) != 0;

+    const bool mapped = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0;

+    const bool isUserDataString = (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0;

+    const bool canCreateNewBlock =

+        ((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0) &&

+        (m_Blocks.size() < m_MaxBlockCount);

+    uint32_t strategy = createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MASK;

+

+    // If linearAlgorithm is used, canMakeOtherLost is available only when used as ring buffer.

+    // Which in turn is available only when maxBlockCount = 1.

+    if(m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT && m_MaxBlockCount > 1)

+    {

+        canMakeOtherLost = false;

+    }

+

+    // Upper address can only be used with linear allocator and within single memory block.

+    if(isUpperAddress &&

+        (m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT || m_MaxBlockCount > 1))

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+    }

+

+    // Validate strategy.

+    switch(strategy)

+    {

+    case 0:

+        strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT;

+        break;

+    case VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT:

+    case VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_WORST_FIT_BIT:

+    case VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT:

+        break;

+    default:

+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+    }

+

+    // Early reject: requested allocation size is larger that maximum block size for this block vector.

+    if(size + 2 * VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN > m_PreferredBlockSize)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+    }

+

+    /*

+    Under certain condition, this whole section can be skipped for optimization, so

+    we move on directly to trying to allocate with canMakeOtherLost. That's the case

+    e.g. for custom pools with linear algorithm.

+    */

+    if(!canMakeOtherLost || canCreateNewBlock)

+    {

+        // 1. Search existing allocations. Try to allocate without making other allocations lost.

+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlagsCopy = createInfo.flags;

+        allocFlagsCopy &= ~VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT;

+

+        if(m_Algorithm == VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)

+        {

+            // Use only last block.

+            if(!m_Blocks.empty())

+            {

+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks.back();

+                VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);

+                VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(

+                    pCurrBlock,

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    size,

+                    alignment,

+                    allocFlagsCopy,

+                    createInfo.pUserData,

+                    suballocType,

+                    strategy,

+                    pAllocation);

+                if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                {

+                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from last block #%u", (uint32_t)(m_Blocks.size() - 1));

+                    return VK_SUCCESS;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            if(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT)

+            {

+                // Forward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with smallest amount of free space.

+                for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex )

+                {

+                    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+                    VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);

+                    VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(

+                        pCurrBlock,

+                        currentFrameIndex,

+                        size,

+                        alignment,

+                        allocFlagsCopy,

+                        createInfo.pUserData,

+                        suballocType,

+                        strategy,

+                        pAllocation);

+                    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                    {

+                        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", (uint32_t)blockIndex);

+                        return VK_SUCCESS;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+            else // WORST_FIT, FIRST_FIT

+            {

+                // Backward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with largest amount of free space.

+                for(size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )

+                {

+                    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+                    VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);

+                    VkResult res = AllocateFromBlock(

+                        pCurrBlock,

+                        currentFrameIndex,

+                        size,

+                        alignment,

+                        allocFlagsCopy,

+                        createInfo.pUserData,

+                        suballocType,

+                        strategy,

+                        pAllocation);

+                    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                    {

+                        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block #%u", (uint32_t)blockIndex);

+                        return VK_SUCCESS;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+        }

+

+        // 2. Try to create new block.

+        if(canCreateNewBlock)

+        {

+            // Calculate optimal size for new block.

+            VkDeviceSize newBlockSize = m_PreferredBlockSize;

+            uint32_t newBlockSizeShift = 0;

+            const uint32_t NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX = 3;

+

+            if(!m_ExplicitBlockSize)

+            {

+                // Allocate 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 as first blocks.

+                const VkDeviceSize maxExistingBlockSize = CalcMaxBlockSize();

+                for(uint32_t i = 0; i < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX; ++i)

+                {

+                    const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;

+                    if(smallerNewBlockSize > maxExistingBlockSize && smallerNewBlockSize >= size * 2)

+                    {

+                        newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;

+                        ++newBlockSizeShift;

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+

+            size_t newBlockIndex = 0;

+            VkResult res = CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex);

+            // Allocation of this size failed? Try 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 of m_PreferredBlockSize.

+            if(!m_ExplicitBlockSize)

+            {

+                while(res < 0 && newBlockSizeShift < NEW_BLOCK_SIZE_SHIFT_MAX)

+                {

+                    const VkDeviceSize smallerNewBlockSize = newBlockSize / 2;

+                    if(smallerNewBlockSize >= size)

+                    {

+                        newBlockSize = smallerNewBlockSize;

+                        ++newBlockSizeShift;

+                        res = CreateBlock(newBlockSize, &newBlockIndex);

+                    }

+                    else

+                    {

+                        break;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+

+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[newBlockIndex];

+                VMA_ASSERT(pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() >= size);

+

+                res = AllocateFromBlock(

+                    pBlock,

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    size,

+                    alignment,

+                    allocFlagsCopy,

+                    createInfo.pUserData,

+                    suballocType,

+                    strategy,

+                    pAllocation);

+                if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                {

+                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Created new block Size=%llu", newBlockSize);

+                    return VK_SUCCESS;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    // Allocation from new block failed, possibly due to VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN or alignment.

+                    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // 3. Try to allocate from existing blocks with making other allocations lost.

+    if(canMakeOtherLost)

+    {

+        uint32_t tryIndex = 0;

+        for(; tryIndex < VMA_ALLOCATION_TRY_COUNT; ++tryIndex)

+        {

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBestRequestBlock = VMA_NULL;

+            VmaAllocationRequest bestRequest = {};

+            VkDeviceSize bestRequestCost = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

+

+            // 1. Search existing allocations.

+            if(strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_BEST_FIT_BIT)

+            {

+                // Forward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with smallest amount of free space.

+                for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex )

+                {

+                    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+                    VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);

+                    VmaAllocationRequest currRequest = {};

+                    if(pCurrBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(

+                        currentFrameIndex,

+                        m_FrameInUseCount,

+                        m_BufferImageGranularity,

+                        size,

+                        alignment,

+                        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0,

+                        suballocType,

+                        canMakeOtherLost,

+                        strategy,

+                        &currRequest))

+                    {

+                        const VkDeviceSize currRequestCost = currRequest.CalcCost();

+                        if(pBestRequestBlock == VMA_NULL ||

+                            currRequestCost < bestRequestCost)

+                        {

+                            pBestRequestBlock = pCurrBlock;

+                            bestRequest = currRequest;

+                            bestRequestCost = currRequestCost;

+

+                            if(bestRequestCost == 0)

+                            {

+                                break;

+                            }

+                        }

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+            else // WORST_FIT, FIRST_FIT

+            {

+                // Backward order in m_Blocks - prefer blocks with largest amount of free space.

+                for(size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )

+                {

+                    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pCurrBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+                    VMA_ASSERT(pCurrBlock);

+                    VmaAllocationRequest currRequest = {};

+                    if(pCurrBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(

+                        currentFrameIndex,

+                        m_FrameInUseCount,

+                        m_BufferImageGranularity,

+                        size,

+                        alignment,

+                        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0,

+                        suballocType,

+                        canMakeOtherLost,

+                        strategy,

+                        &currRequest))

+                    {

+                        const VkDeviceSize currRequestCost = currRequest.CalcCost();

+                        if(pBestRequestBlock == VMA_NULL ||

+                            currRequestCost < bestRequestCost ||

+                            strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT)

+                        {

+                            pBestRequestBlock = pCurrBlock;

+                            bestRequest = currRequest;

+                            bestRequestCost = currRequestCost;

+

+                            if(bestRequestCost == 0 ||

+                                strategy == VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_FIRST_FIT_BIT)

+                            {

+                                break;

+                            }

+                        }

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+

+            if(pBestRequestBlock != VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                if(mapped)

+                {

+                    VkResult res = pBestRequestBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, VMA_NULL);

+                    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+                    {

+                        return res;

+                    }

+                }

+

+                if(pBestRequestBlock->m_pMetadata->MakeRequestedAllocationsLost(

+                    currentFrameIndex,

+                    m_FrameInUseCount,

+                    &bestRequest))

+                {

+                    // We no longer have an empty Allocation.

+                    if(pBestRequestBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())

+                    {

+                        m_HasEmptyBlock = false;

+                    }

+                    // Allocate from this pBlock.

+                    *pAllocation = m_hAllocator->m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate();

+                    (*pAllocation)->Ctor(currentFrameIndex, isUserDataString);

+                    pBestRequestBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(bestRequest, suballocType, size, *pAllocation);

+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBlockAllocation(

+                        pBestRequestBlock,

+                        bestRequest.offset,

+                        alignment,

+                        size,

+                        suballocType,

+                        mapped,

+                        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT) != 0);

+                    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBestRequestBlock->Validate());

+                    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Returned from existing block");

+                    (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(m_hAllocator, createInfo.pUserData);

+                    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)

+                    {

+                        m_hAllocator->FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);

+                    }

+                    if(IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+                    {

+                        VkResult res = pBestRequestBlock->WriteMagicValueAroundAllocation(m_hAllocator, bestRequest.offset, size);

+                        VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to write magic value.");

+                    }

+                    return VK_SUCCESS;

+                }

+                // else: Some allocations must have been touched while we are here. Next try.

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                // Could not find place in any of the blocks - break outer loop.

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+        /* Maximum number of tries exceeded - a very unlike event when many other

+        threads are simultaneously touching allocations making it impossible to make

+        lost at the same time as we try to allocate. */

+        if(tryIndex == VMA_ALLOCATION_TRY_COUNT)

+        {

+            return VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS;

+        }

+    }

+

+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::Free(

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlockToDelete = VMA_NULL;

+

+    // Scope for lock.

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();

+

+        if(IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+        {

+            VkResult res = pBlock->ValidateMagicValueAroundAllocation(m_hAllocator, hAllocation->GetOffset(), hAllocation->GetSize());

+            VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to validate magic value.");

+        }

+

+        if(hAllocation->IsPersistentMap())

+        {

+            pBlock->Unmap(m_hAllocator, 1);

+        }

+

+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->Free(hAllocation);

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());

+

+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  Freed from MemoryTypeIndex=%u", m_MemoryTypeIndex);

+

+        // pBlock became empty after this deallocation.

+        if(pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())

+        {

+            // Already has empty Allocation. We don't want to have two, so delete this one.

+            if(m_HasEmptyBlock && m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount)

+            {

+                pBlockToDelete = pBlock;

+                Remove(pBlock);

+            }

+            // We now have first empty block.

+            else

+            {

+                m_HasEmptyBlock = true;

+            }

+        }

+        // pBlock didn't become empty, but we have another empty block - find and free that one.

+        // (This is optional, heuristics.)

+        else if(m_HasEmptyBlock)

+        {

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pLastBlock = m_Blocks.back();

+            if(pLastBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty() && m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount)

+            {

+                pBlockToDelete = pLastBlock;

+                m_Blocks.pop_back();

+                m_HasEmptyBlock = false;

+            }

+        }

+

+        IncrementallySortBlocks();

+    }

+

+    // Destruction of a free Allocation. Deferred until this point, outside of mutex

+    // lock, for performance reason.

+    if(pBlockToDelete != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Deleted empty allocation");

+        pBlockToDelete->Destroy(m_hAllocator);

+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockToDelete);

+    }

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaBlockVector::CalcMaxBlockSize() const

+{

+    VkDeviceSize result = 0;

+    for(size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        result = VMA_MAX(result, m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSize());

+        if(result >= m_PreferredBlockSize)

+        {

+            break;

+        }

+    }

+    return result;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::Remove(VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock)

+{

+    for(uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        if(m_Blocks[blockIndex] == pBlock)

+        {

+            VmaVectorRemove(m_Blocks, blockIndex);

+            return;

+        }

+    }

+    VMA_ASSERT(0);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::IncrementallySortBlocks()

+{

+    if(m_Algorithm != VMA_POOL_CREATE_LINEAR_ALGORITHM_BIT)

+    {

+        // Bubble sort only until first swap.

+        for(size_t i = 1; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)

+        {

+            if(m_Blocks[i - 1]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() > m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize())

+            {

+                VMA_SWAP(m_Blocks[i - 1], m_Blocks[i]);

+                return;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::AllocateFromBlock(

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock,

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VkDeviceSize alignment,

+    VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags,

+    void* pUserData,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    uint32_t strategy,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT((allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_MAKE_OTHER_LOST_BIT) == 0);

+    const bool isUpperAddress = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_UPPER_ADDRESS_BIT) != 0;

+    const bool mapped = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0;

+    const bool isUserDataString = (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0;

+

+    VmaAllocationRequest currRequest = {};

+    if(pBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(

+        currentFrameIndex,

+        m_FrameInUseCount,

+        m_BufferImageGranularity,

+        size,

+        alignment,

+        isUpperAddress,

+        suballocType,

+        false, // canMakeOtherLost

+        strategy,

+        &currRequest))

+    {

+        // Allocate from pCurrBlock.

+        VMA_ASSERT(currRequest.itemsToMakeLostCount == 0);

+

+        if(mapped)

+        {

+            VkResult res = pBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, VMA_NULL);

+            if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                return res;

+            }

+        }

+            

+        // We no longer have an empty Allocation.

+        if(pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())

+        {

+            m_HasEmptyBlock = false;

+        }

+            

+        *pAllocation = m_hAllocator->m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate();

+        (*pAllocation)->Ctor(currentFrameIndex, isUserDataString);

+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(currRequest, suballocType, size, *pAllocation);

+        (*pAllocation)->InitBlockAllocation(

+            pBlock,

+            currRequest.offset,

+            alignment,

+            size,

+            suballocType,

+            mapped,

+            (allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT) != 0);

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());

+        (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(m_hAllocator, pUserData);

+        if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)

+        {

+            m_hAllocator->FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);

+        }

+        if(IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+        {

+            VkResult res = pBlock->WriteMagicValueAroundAllocation(m_hAllocator, currRequest.offset, size);

+            VMA_ASSERT(res == VK_SUCCESS && "Couldn't map block memory to write magic value.");

+        }

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CreateBlock(VkDeviceSize blockSize, size_t* pNewBlockIndex)

+{

+    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };

+    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+    allocInfo.allocationSize = blockSize;

+    VkDeviceMemory mem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    VkResult res = m_hAllocator->AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &mem);

+    if(res < 0)

+    {

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    // New VkDeviceMemory successfully created.

+

+    // Create new Allocation for it.

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDeviceMemoryBlock)(m_hAllocator);

+    pBlock->Init(

+        m_hAllocator,

+        m_hParentPool,

+        m_MemoryTypeIndex,

+        mem,

+        allocInfo.allocationSize,

+        m_NextBlockId++,

+        m_Algorithm);

+

+    m_Blocks.push_back(pBlock);

+    if(pNewBlockIndex != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        *pNewBlockIndex = m_Blocks.size() - 1;

+    }

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(

+    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,

+    const VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves)

+{

+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();

+    const bool isNonCoherent = m_hAllocator->IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(m_MemoryTypeIndex);

+

+    enum BLOCK_FLAG

+    {

+        BLOCK_FLAG_USED = 0x00000001,

+        BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION = 0x00000002,

+    };

+

+    struct BlockInfo

+    {

+        uint32_t flags;

+        void* pMappedData;

+    };

+    VmaVector< BlockInfo, VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo> >

+        blockInfo(blockCount, BlockInfo(), VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo>(m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()));

+    memset(blockInfo.data(), 0, blockCount * sizeof(BlockInfo));

+

+    // Go over all moves. Mark blocks that are used with BLOCK_FLAG_USED.

+    const size_t moveCount = moves.size();

+    for(size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)

+    {

+        const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];

+        blockInfo[move.srcBlockIndex].flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_USED;

+        blockInfo[move.dstBlockIndex].flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_USED;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS);

+

+    // Go over all blocks. Get mapped pointer or map if necessary.

+    for(size_t blockIndex = 0; pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        BlockInfo& currBlockInfo = blockInfo[blockIndex];

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        if((currBlockInfo.flags & BLOCK_FLAG_USED) != 0)

+        {

+            currBlockInfo.pMappedData = pBlock->GetMappedData();

+            // It is not originally mapped - map it.

+            if(currBlockInfo.pMappedData == VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                pDefragCtx->res = pBlock->Map(m_hAllocator, 1, &currBlockInfo.pMappedData);

+                if(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                {

+                    currBlockInfo.flags |= BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Go over all moves. Do actual data transfer.

+    if(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize nonCoherentAtomSize = m_hAllocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;

+        VkMappedMemoryRange memRange = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE };

+

+        for(size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)

+        {

+            const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];

+

+            const BlockInfo& srcBlockInfo = blockInfo[move.srcBlockIndex];

+            const BlockInfo& dstBlockInfo = blockInfo[move.dstBlockIndex];

+

+            VMA_ASSERT(srcBlockInfo.pMappedData && dstBlockInfo.pMappedData);

+

+            // Invalidate source.

+            if(isNonCoherent)

+            {

+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pSrcBlock = m_Blocks[move.srcBlockIndex];

+                memRange.memory = pSrcBlock->GetDeviceMemory();

+                memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(move.srcOffset, nonCoherentAtomSize);

+                memRange.size = VMA_MIN(

+                    VmaAlignUp(move.size + (move.srcOffset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),

+                    pSrcBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() - memRange.offset);

+                (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);

+            }

+

+            // THE PLACE WHERE ACTUAL DATA COPY HAPPENS.

+            memmove(

+                reinterpret_cast<char*>(dstBlockInfo.pMappedData) + move.dstOffset,

+                reinterpret_cast<char*>(srcBlockInfo.pMappedData) + move.srcOffset,

+                static_cast<size_t>(move.size));

+

+            if(IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+            {

+                VmaWriteMagicValue(dstBlockInfo.pMappedData, move.dstOffset - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+                VmaWriteMagicValue(dstBlockInfo.pMappedData, move.dstOffset + move.size);

+            }

+

+            // Flush destination.

+            if(isNonCoherent)

+            {

+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pDstBlock = m_Blocks[move.dstBlockIndex];

+                memRange.memory = pDstBlock->GetDeviceMemory();

+                memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(move.dstOffset, nonCoherentAtomSize);

+                memRange.size = VMA_MIN(

+                    VmaAlignUp(move.size + (move.dstOffset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),

+                    pDstBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize() - memRange.offset);

+                (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Go over all blocks in reverse order. Unmap those that were mapped just for defragmentation.

+    // Regardless of pCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS.

+    for(size_t blockIndex = blockCount; blockIndex--; )

+    {

+        const BlockInfo& currBlockInfo = blockInfo[blockIndex];

+        if((currBlockInfo.flags & BLOCK_FLAG_MAPPED_FOR_DEFRAGMENTATION) != 0)

+        {

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+            pBlock->Unmap(m_hAllocator, 1);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(

+    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pDefragCtx,

+    const VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)

+{

+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();

+

+    pDefragCtx->blockContexts.resize(blockCount);

+    memset(pDefragCtx->blockContexts.data(), 0, blockCount * sizeof(VmaBlockDefragmentationContext));

+

+    // Go over all moves. Mark blocks that are used with BLOCK_FLAG_USED.

+    const size_t moveCount = moves.size();

+    for(size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)

+    {

+        const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];

+        pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.srcBlockIndex].flags |= VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED;

+        pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.dstBlockIndex].flags |= VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS);

+

+    // Go over all blocks. Create and bind buffer for whole block if necessary.

+    {

+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufCreateInfo;

+        VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(bufCreateInfo);

+

+        for(size_t blockIndex = 0; pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+        {

+            VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& currBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[blockIndex];

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+            if((currBlockCtx.flags & VmaBlockDefragmentationContext::BLOCK_FLAG_USED) != 0)

+            {

+                bufCreateInfo.size = pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize();

+                pDefragCtx->res = (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(

+                    m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, &bufCreateInfo, m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &currBlockCtx.hBuffer);

+                if(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                {

+                    pDefragCtx->res = (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkBindBufferMemory)(

+                        m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, currBlockCtx.hBuffer, pBlock->GetDeviceMemory(), 0);

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Go over all moves. Post data transfer commands to command buffer.

+    if(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        for(size_t moveIndex = 0; moveIndex < moveCount; ++moveIndex)

+        {

+            const VmaDefragmentationMove& move = moves[moveIndex];

+

+            const VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& srcBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.srcBlockIndex];

+            const VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& dstBlockCtx = pDefragCtx->blockContexts[move.dstBlockIndex];

+

+            VMA_ASSERT(srcBlockCtx.hBuffer && dstBlockCtx.hBuffer);

+

+            VkBufferCopy region = {

+                move.srcOffset,

+                move.dstOffset,

+                move.size };

+            (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCmdCopyBuffer)(

+                commandBuffer, srcBlockCtx.hBuffer, dstBlockCtx.hBuffer, 1, &region);

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Save buffers to defrag context for later destruction.

+    if(pDefragCtx->res == VK_SUCCESS && moveCount > 0)

+    {

+        pDefragCtx->res = VK_NOT_READY;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::FreeEmptyBlocks(VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats)

+{

+    m_HasEmptyBlock = false;

+    for(size_t blockIndex = m_Blocks.size(); blockIndex--; )

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        if(pBlock->m_pMetadata->IsEmpty())

+        {

+            if(m_Blocks.size() > m_MinBlockCount)

+            {

+                if(pDefragmentationStats != VMA_NULL)

+                {

+                    ++pDefragmentationStats->deviceMemoryBlocksFreed;

+                    pDefragmentationStats->bytesFreed += pBlock->m_pMetadata->GetSize();

+                }

+

+                VmaVectorRemove(m_Blocks, blockIndex);

+                pBlock->Destroy(m_hAllocator);

+                vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlock);

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                m_HasEmptyBlock = true;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaBlockVector::PrintDetailedMap(class VmaJsonWriter& json)

+{

+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+

+    json.BeginObject();

+

+    if(m_IsCustomPool)

+    {

+        json.WriteString("MemoryTypeIndex");

+        json.WriteNumber(m_MemoryTypeIndex);

+

+        json.WriteString("BlockSize");

+        json.WriteNumber(m_PreferredBlockSize);

+

+        json.WriteString("BlockCount");

+        json.BeginObject(true);

+        if(m_MinBlockCount > 0)

+        {

+            json.WriteString("Min");

+            json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_MinBlockCount);

+        }

+        if(m_MaxBlockCount < SIZE_MAX)

+        {

+            json.WriteString("Max");

+            json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_MaxBlockCount);

+        }

+        json.WriteString("Cur");

+        json.WriteNumber((uint64_t)m_Blocks.size());

+        json.EndObject();

+

+        if(m_FrameInUseCount > 0)

+        {

+            json.WriteString("FrameInUseCount");

+            json.WriteNumber(m_FrameInUseCount);

+        }

+

+        if(m_Algorithm != 0)

+        {

+            json.WriteString("Algorithm");

+            json.WriteString(VmaAlgorithmToStr(m_Algorithm));

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        json.WriteString("PreferredBlockSize");

+        json.WriteNumber(m_PreferredBlockSize);

+    }

+

+    json.WriteString("Blocks");

+    json.BeginObject();

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)

+    {

+        json.BeginString();

+        json.ContinueString(m_Blocks[i]->GetId());

+        json.EndString();

+

+        m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->PrintDetailedMap(json);

+    }

+    json.EndObject();

+

+    json.EndObject();

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaBlockVector::Defragment(

+    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+    VkDeviceSize& maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+    VkDeviceSize& maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t& maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)

+{

+    pCtx->res = VK_SUCCESS;

+    

+    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags memPropFlags =

+        m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[m_MemoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;

+    const bool isHostVisible = (memPropFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0;

+

+    const bool canDefragmentOnCpu = maxCpuBytesToMove > 0 && maxCpuAllocationsToMove > 0 &&

+        isHostVisible;

+    const bool canDefragmentOnGpu = maxGpuBytesToMove > 0 && maxGpuAllocationsToMove > 0 &&

+        !IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled() &&

+        ((1u << m_MemoryTypeIndex) & m_hAllocator->GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits()) != 0;

+

+    // There are options to defragment this memory type.

+    if(canDefragmentOnCpu || canDefragmentOnGpu)

+    {

+        bool defragmentOnGpu;

+        // There is only one option to defragment this memory type.

+        if(canDefragmentOnGpu != canDefragmentOnCpu)

+        {

+            defragmentOnGpu = canDefragmentOnGpu;

+        }

+        // Both options are available: Heuristics to choose the best one.

+        else

+        {

+            defragmentOnGpu = (memPropFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0 ||

+                m_hAllocator->IsIntegratedGpu();

+        }

+

+        bool overlappingMoveSupported = !defragmentOnGpu;

+

+        if(m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex)

+        {

+            m_Mutex.LockWrite();

+            pCtx->mutexLocked = true;

+        }

+

+        pCtx->Begin(overlappingMoveSupported);

+

+        // Defragment.

+

+        const VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove = defragmentOnGpu ? maxGpuBytesToMove : maxCpuBytesToMove;

+        const uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove = defragmentOnGpu ? maxGpuAllocationsToMove : maxCpuAllocationsToMove;

+        VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> > moves = 

+            VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >(VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove>(m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()));

+        pCtx->res = pCtx->GetAlgorithm()->Defragment(moves, maxBytesToMove, maxAllocationsToMove);

+

+        // Accumulate statistics.

+        if(pStats != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            const VkDeviceSize bytesMoved = pCtx->GetAlgorithm()->GetBytesMoved();

+            const uint32_t allocationsMoved = pCtx->GetAlgorithm()->GetAllocationsMoved();

+            pStats->bytesMoved += bytesMoved;

+            pStats->allocationsMoved += allocationsMoved;

+            VMA_ASSERT(bytesMoved <= maxBytesToMove);

+            VMA_ASSERT(allocationsMoved <= maxAllocationsToMove);

+            if(defragmentOnGpu)

+            {

+                maxGpuBytesToMove -= bytesMoved;

+                maxGpuAllocationsToMove -= allocationsMoved;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                maxCpuBytesToMove -= bytesMoved;

+                maxCpuAllocationsToMove -= allocationsMoved;

+            }

+        }

+    

+        if(pCtx->res >= VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            if(defragmentOnGpu)

+            {

+                ApplyDefragmentationMovesGpu(pCtx, moves, commandBuffer);

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                ApplyDefragmentationMovesCpu(pCtx, moves);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::DefragmentationEnd(

+    class VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pCtx,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)

+{

+    // Destroy buffers.

+    for(size_t blockIndex = pCtx->blockContexts.size(); blockIndex--; )

+    {

+        VmaBlockDefragmentationContext& blockCtx = pCtx->blockContexts[blockIndex];

+        if(blockCtx.hBuffer)

+        {

+            (*m_hAllocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(

+                m_hAllocator->m_hDevice, blockCtx.hBuffer, m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(pCtx->res >= VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        FreeEmptyBlocks(pStats);

+    }

+

+    if(pCtx->mutexLocked)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+        m_Mutex.UnlockWrite();

+    }

+}

+

+size_t VmaBlockVector::CalcAllocationCount() const

+{

+    size_t result = 0;

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)

+    {

+        result += m_Blocks[i]->m_pMetadata->GetAllocationCount();

+    }

+    return result;

+}

+

+bool VmaBlockVector::IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible() const

+{

+    if(m_BufferImageGranularity == 1)

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+    VmaSuballocationType lastSuballocType = VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE;

+    for(size_t i = 0, count = m_Blocks.size(); i < count; ++i)

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[i];

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_Algorithm == 0);

+        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pBlock->m_pMetadata;

+        if(pMetadata->IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible(m_BufferImageGranularity, lastSuballocType))

+        {

+            return true;

+        }

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::MakePoolAllocationsLost(

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    size_t* pLostAllocationCount)

+{

+    VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    size_t lostAllocationCount = 0;

+    for(uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);

+        lostAllocationCount += pBlock->m_pMetadata->MakeAllocationsLost(currentFrameIndex, m_FrameInUseCount);

+    }

+    if(pLostAllocationCount != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        *pLostAllocationCount = lostAllocationCount;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaBlockVector::CheckCorruption()

+{

+    if(!IsCorruptionDetectionEnabled())

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+    }

+

+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+    for(uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);

+        VkResult res = pBlock->CheckCorruption(m_hAllocator);

+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            return res;

+        }

+    }

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVector::AddStats(VmaStats* pStats)

+{

+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = m_MemoryTypeIndex;

+    const uint32_t memHeapIndex = m_hAllocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);

+

+    VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_Mutex, m_hAllocator->m_UseMutex);

+

+    for(uint32_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < m_Blocks.size(); ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        const VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock);

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pBlock->Validate());

+        VmaStatInfo allocationStatInfo;

+        pBlock->m_pMetadata->CalcAllocationStatInfo(allocationStatInfo);

+        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->total, allocationStatInfo);

+        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex], allocationStatInfo);

+        VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex], allocationStatInfo);

+    }

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic members definition

+

+VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    bool overlappingMoveSupported) :

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(hAllocator, pBlockVector, currentFrameIndex),

+    m_AllocationCount(0),

+    m_AllAllocations(false),

+    m_BytesMoved(0),

+    m_AllocationsMoved(0),

+    m_Blocks(VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))

+{

+    // Create block info for each block.

+    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->m_Blocks.size();

+    for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        BlockInfo* pBlockInfo = vma_new(m_hAllocator, BlockInfo)(m_hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+        pBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex = blockIndex;

+        pBlockInfo->m_pBlock = m_pBlockVector->m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+        m_Blocks.push_back(pBlockInfo);

+    }

+

+    // Sort them by m_pBlock pointer value.

+    VMA_SORT(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), BlockPointerLess());

+}

+

+VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic()

+{

+    for(size_t i = m_Blocks.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_Blocks[i]);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged)

+{

+    // Now as we are inside VmaBlockVector::m_Mutex, we can make final check if this allocation was not lost.

+    if(hAlloc->GetLastUseFrameIndex() != VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST)

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAlloc->GetBlock();

+        BlockInfoVector::iterator it = VmaBinaryFindFirstNotLess(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), pBlock, BlockPointerLess());

+        if(it != m_Blocks.end() && (*it)->m_pBlock == pBlock)

+        {

+            AllocationInfo allocInfo = AllocationInfo(hAlloc, pChanged);

+            (*it)->m_Allocations.push_back(allocInfo);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        }

+

+        ++m_AllocationCount;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::DefragmentRound(

+    VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove)

+{

+    if(m_Blocks.empty())

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    // This is a choice based on research.

+    // Option 1:

+    uint32_t strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_TIME_BIT;

+    // Option 2:

+    //uint32_t strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_MEMORY_BIT;

+    // Option 3:

+    //uint32_t strategy = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_STRATEGY_MIN_FRAGMENTATION_BIT;

+

+    size_t srcBlockMinIndex = 0;

+    // When FAST_ALGORITHM, move allocations from only last out of blocks that contain non-movable allocations.

+    /*

+    if(m_AlgorithmFlags & VMA_DEFRAGMENTATION_FAST_ALGORITHM_BIT)

+    {

+        const size_t blocksWithNonMovableCount = CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount();

+        if(blocksWithNonMovableCount > 0)

+        {

+            srcBlockMinIndex = blocksWithNonMovableCount - 1;

+        }

+    }

+    */

+

+    size_t srcBlockIndex = m_Blocks.size() - 1;

+    size_t srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+    for(;;)

+    {

+        // 1. Find next allocation to move.

+        // 1.1. Start from last to first m_Blocks - they are sorted from most "destination" to most "source".

+        // 1.2. Then start from last to first m_Allocations.

+        while(srcAllocIndex >= m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.size())

+        {

+            if(m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.empty())

+            {

+                // Finished: no more allocations to process.

+                if(srcBlockIndex == srcBlockMinIndex)

+                {

+                    return VK_SUCCESS;

+                }

+                else

+                {

+                    --srcBlockIndex;

+                    srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+                }

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                srcAllocIndex = m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex]->m_Allocations.size() - 1;

+            }

+        }

+        

+        BlockInfo* pSrcBlockInfo = m_Blocks[srcBlockIndex];

+        AllocationInfo& allocInfo = pSrcBlockInfo->m_Allocations[srcAllocIndex];

+

+        const VkDeviceSize size = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetSize();

+        const VkDeviceSize srcOffset = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetOffset();

+        const VkDeviceSize alignment = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetAlignment();

+        const VmaSuballocationType suballocType = allocInfo.m_hAllocation->GetSuballocationType();

+

+        // 2. Try to find new place for this allocation in preceding or current block.

+        for(size_t dstBlockIndex = 0; dstBlockIndex <= srcBlockIndex; ++dstBlockIndex)

+        {

+            BlockInfo* pDstBlockInfo = m_Blocks[dstBlockIndex];

+            VmaAllocationRequest dstAllocRequest;

+            if(pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->CreateAllocationRequest(

+                m_CurrentFrameIndex,

+                m_pBlockVector->GetFrameInUseCount(),

+                m_pBlockVector->GetBufferImageGranularity(),

+                size,

+                alignment,

+                false, // upperAddress

+                suballocType,

+                false, // canMakeOtherLost

+                strategy,

+                &dstAllocRequest) &&

+            MoveMakesSense(

+                dstBlockIndex, dstAllocRequest.offset, srcBlockIndex, srcOffset))

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocRequest.itemsToMakeLostCount == 0);

+

+                // Reached limit on number of allocations or bytes to move.

+                if((m_AllocationsMoved + 1 > maxAllocationsToMove) ||

+                    (m_BytesMoved + size > maxBytesToMove))

+                {

+                    return VK_SUCCESS;

+                }

+

+                VmaDefragmentationMove move;

+                move.srcBlockIndex = pSrcBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex;

+                move.dstBlockIndex = pDstBlockInfo->m_OriginalBlockIndex;

+                move.srcOffset = srcOffset;

+                move.dstOffset = dstAllocRequest.offset;

+                move.size = size;

+                moves.push_back(move);

+

+                pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->Alloc(

+                    dstAllocRequest,

+                    suballocType,

+                    size,

+                    allocInfo.m_hAllocation);

+                pSrcBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata->FreeAtOffset(srcOffset);

+                

+                allocInfo.m_hAllocation->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pDstBlockInfo->m_pBlock, dstAllocRequest.offset);

+

+                if(allocInfo.m_pChanged != VMA_NULL)

+                {

+                    *allocInfo.m_pChanged = VK_TRUE;

+                }

+

+                ++m_AllocationsMoved;

+                m_BytesMoved += size;

+

+                VmaVectorRemove(pSrcBlockInfo->m_Allocations, srcAllocIndex);

+

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+

+        // If not processed, this allocInfo remains in pBlockInfo->m_Allocations for next round.

+

+        if(srcAllocIndex > 0)

+        {

+            --srcAllocIndex;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            if(srcBlockIndex > 0)

+            {

+                --srcBlockIndex;

+                srcAllocIndex = SIZE_MAX;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                return VK_SUCCESS;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+size_t VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::CalcBlocksWithNonMovableCount() const

+{

+    size_t result = 0;

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_Blocks.size(); ++i)

+    {

+        if(m_Blocks[i]->m_HasNonMovableAllocations)

+        {

+            ++result;

+        }

+    }

+    return result;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::Defragment(

+    VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove)

+{

+    if(!m_AllAllocations && m_AllocationCount == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    const size_t blockCount = m_Blocks.size();

+    for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        BlockInfo* pBlockInfo = m_Blocks[blockIndex];

+

+        if(m_AllAllocations)

+        {

+            VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pBlockInfo->m_pBlock->m_pMetadata;

+            for(VmaSuballocationList::const_iterator it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();

+                it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end();

+                ++it)

+            {

+                if(it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+                {

+                    AllocationInfo allocInfo = AllocationInfo(it->hAllocation, VMA_NULL);

+                    pBlockInfo->m_Allocations.push_back(allocInfo);

+                }

+            }

+        }

+

+        pBlockInfo->CalcHasNonMovableAllocations();

+        

+        // This is a choice based on research.

+        // Option 1:

+        pBlockInfo->SortAllocationsByOffsetDescending();

+        // Option 2:

+        //pBlockInfo->SortAllocationsBySizeDescending();

+    }

+

+    // Sort m_Blocks this time by the main criterium, from most "destination" to most "source" blocks.

+    VMA_SORT(m_Blocks.begin(), m_Blocks.end(), BlockInfoCompareMoveDestination());

+

+    // This is a choice based on research.

+    const uint32_t roundCount = 2;

+

+    // Execute defragmentation rounds (the main part).

+    VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;

+    for(uint32_t round = 0; (round < roundCount) && (result == VK_SUCCESS); ++round)

+    {

+        result = DefragmentRound(moves, maxBytesToMove, maxAllocationsToMove);

+    }

+

+    return result;

+}

+

+bool VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic::MoveMakesSense(

+        size_t dstBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize dstOffset,

+        size_t srcBlockIndex, VkDeviceSize srcOffset)

+{

+    if(dstBlockIndex < srcBlockIndex)

+    {

+        return true;

+    }

+    if(dstBlockIndex > srcBlockIndex)

+    {

+        return false;

+    }

+    if(dstOffset < srcOffset)

+    {

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast

+

+VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+    uint32_t currentFrameIndex,

+    bool overlappingMoveSupported) :

+    VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm(hAllocator, pBlockVector, currentFrameIndex),

+    m_OverlappingMoveSupported(overlappingMoveSupported),

+    m_AllocationCount(0),

+    m_AllAllocations(false),

+    m_BytesMoved(0),

+    m_AllocationsMoved(0),

+    m_BlockInfos(VmaStlAllocator<BlockInfo>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN == 0);

+

+}

+

+VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::~VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast()

+{

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::Defragment(

+    VmaVector< VmaDefragmentationMove, VmaStlAllocator<VmaDefragmentationMove> >& moves,

+    VkDeviceSize maxBytesToMove,

+    uint32_t maxAllocationsToMove)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_AllAllocations || m_pBlockVector->CalcAllocationCount() == m_AllocationCount);

+

+    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();

+    if(blockCount == 0 || maxBytesToMove == 0 || maxAllocationsToMove == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    PreprocessMetadata();

+

+    // Sort blocks in order from most destination.

+

+    m_BlockInfos.resize(blockCount);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i)

+    {

+        m_BlockInfos[i].origBlockIndex = i;

+    }

+

+    VMA_SORT(m_BlockInfos.begin(), m_BlockInfos.end(), [this](const BlockInfo& lhs, const BlockInfo& rhs) -> bool {

+        return m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(lhs.origBlockIndex)->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize() <

+            m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(rhs.origBlockIndex)->m_pMetadata->GetSumFreeSize();

+    });

+

+    // THE MAIN ALGORITHM

+

+    FreeSpaceDatabase freeSpaceDb;

+

+    size_t dstBlockInfoIndex = 0;

+    size_t dstOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[dstBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;

+    VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pDstBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(dstOrigBlockIndex);

+    VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pDstMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pDstBlock->m_pMetadata;

+    VkDeviceSize dstBlockSize = pDstMetadata->GetSize();

+    VkDeviceSize dstOffset = 0;

+

+    bool end = false;

+    for(size_t srcBlockInfoIndex = 0; !end && srcBlockInfoIndex < blockCount; ++srcBlockInfoIndex)

+    {

+        const size_t srcOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[srcBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pSrcBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(srcOrigBlockIndex);

+        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pSrcMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pSrcBlock->m_pMetadata;

+        for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator srcSuballocIt = pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();

+            !end && srcSuballocIt != pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.end(); )

+        {

+            VmaAllocation_T* const pAlloc = srcSuballocIt->hAllocation;

+            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocAlignment = pAlloc->GetAlignment();

+            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocSize = srcSuballocIt->size;

+            if(m_AllocationsMoved == maxAllocationsToMove ||

+                m_BytesMoved + srcAllocSize > maxBytesToMove)

+            {

+                end = true;

+                break;

+            }

+            const VkDeviceSize srcAllocOffset = srcSuballocIt->offset;

+

+            // Try to place it in one of free spaces from the database.

+            size_t freeSpaceInfoIndex;

+            VkDeviceSize dstAllocOffset;

+            if(freeSpaceDb.Fetch(srcAllocAlignment, srcAllocSize,

+                freeSpaceInfoIndex, dstAllocOffset))

+            {

+                size_t freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[freeSpaceInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;

+                VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pFreeSpaceBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex);

+                VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pFreeSpaceMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pFreeSpaceBlock->m_pMetadata;

+

+                // Same block

+                if(freeSpaceInfoIndex == srcBlockInfoIndex)

+                {

+                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset <= srcAllocOffset);

+

+                    // MOVE OPTION 1: Move the allocation inside the same block by decreasing offset.

+

+                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;

+                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;

+                    suballoc.hAllocation->ChangeOffset(dstAllocOffset);

+                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;

+                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;

+                    

+                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;

+                    ++nextSuballocIt;

+                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);

+                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;

+

+                    InsertSuballoc(pFreeSpaceMetadata, suballoc);

+

+                    VmaDefragmentationMove move = {

+                        srcOrigBlockIndex, freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex,

+                        srcAllocOffset, dstAllocOffset,

+                        srcAllocSize };

+                    moves.push_back(move);

+                }

+                // Different block

+                else

+                {

+                    // MOVE OPTION 2: Move the allocation to a different block.

+

+                    VMA_ASSERT(freeSpaceInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex);

+

+                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;

+                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;

+                    suballoc.hAllocation->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pFreeSpaceBlock, dstAllocOffset);

+                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;

+                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;

+

+                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;

+                    ++nextSuballocIt;

+                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);

+                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;

+

+                    InsertSuballoc(pFreeSpaceMetadata, suballoc);

+

+                    VmaDefragmentationMove move = {

+                        srcOrigBlockIndex, freeSpaceOrigBlockIndex,

+                        srcAllocOffset, dstAllocOffset,

+                        srcAllocSize };

+                    moves.push_back(move);

+                }

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                dstAllocOffset = VmaAlignUp(dstOffset, srcAllocAlignment);

+

+                // If the allocation doesn't fit before the end of dstBlock, forward to next block.

+                while(dstBlockInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex &&

+                    dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize > dstBlockSize)

+                {

+                    // But before that, register remaining free space at the end of dst block.

+                    freeSpaceDb.Register(dstBlockInfoIndex, dstOffset, dstBlockSize - dstOffset);

+

+                    ++dstBlockInfoIndex;

+                    dstOrigBlockIndex = m_BlockInfos[dstBlockInfoIndex].origBlockIndex;

+                    pDstBlock = m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(dstOrigBlockIndex);

+                    pDstMetadata = (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)pDstBlock->m_pMetadata;

+                    dstBlockSize = pDstMetadata->GetSize();

+                    dstOffset = 0;

+                    dstAllocOffset = 0;

+                }

+

+                // Same block

+                if(dstBlockInfoIndex == srcBlockInfoIndex)

+                {

+                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset <= srcAllocOffset);

+

+                    const bool overlap = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize > srcAllocOffset;

+

+                    bool skipOver = overlap;

+                    if(overlap && m_OverlappingMoveSupported && dstAllocOffset < srcAllocOffset)

+                    {

+                        // If destination and source place overlap, skip if it would move it

+                        // by only < 1/64 of its size.

+                        skipOver = (srcAllocOffset - dstAllocOffset) * 64 < srcAllocSize;

+                    }

+

+                    if(skipOver)

+                    {

+                        freeSpaceDb.Register(dstBlockInfoIndex, dstOffset, srcAllocOffset - dstOffset);

+

+                        dstOffset = srcAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;

+                        ++srcSuballocIt;

+                    }

+                    // MOVE OPTION 1: Move the allocation inside the same block by decreasing offset.

+                    else

+                    {

+                        srcSuballocIt->offset = dstAllocOffset;

+                        srcSuballocIt->hAllocation->ChangeOffset(dstAllocOffset);

+                        dstOffset = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;

+                        m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;

+                        ++m_AllocationsMoved;

+                        ++srcSuballocIt;

+                        VmaDefragmentationMove move = {

+                            srcOrigBlockIndex, dstOrigBlockIndex,

+                            srcAllocOffset, dstAllocOffset,

+                            srcAllocSize };

+                        moves.push_back(move);

+                    }

+                }

+                // Different block

+                else

+                {

+                    // MOVE OPTION 2: Move the allocation to a different block.

+

+                    VMA_ASSERT(dstBlockInfoIndex < srcBlockInfoIndex);

+                    VMA_ASSERT(dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize <= dstBlockSize);

+

+                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = *srcSuballocIt;

+                    suballoc.offset = dstAllocOffset;

+                    suballoc.hAllocation->ChangeBlockAllocation(m_hAllocator, pDstBlock, dstAllocOffset);

+                    dstOffset = dstAllocOffset + srcAllocSize;

+                    m_BytesMoved += srcAllocSize;

+                    ++m_AllocationsMoved;

+

+                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextSuballocIt = srcSuballocIt;

+                    ++nextSuballocIt;

+                    pSrcMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(srcSuballocIt);

+                    srcSuballocIt = nextSuballocIt;

+

+                    pDstMetadata->m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);

+

+                    VmaDefragmentationMove move = {

+                        srcOrigBlockIndex, dstOrigBlockIndex,

+                        srcAllocOffset, dstAllocOffset,

+                        srcAllocSize };

+                    moves.push_back(move);

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    m_BlockInfos.clear();

+    

+    PostprocessMetadata();

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::PreprocessMetadata()

+{

+    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();

+    for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata =

+            (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(blockIndex)->m_pMetadata;

+        pMetadata->m_FreeCount = 0;

+        pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize = pMetadata->GetSize();

+        pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.clear();

+        for(VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();

+            it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end(); )

+        {

+            if(it->type == VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE)

+            {

+                VmaSuballocationList::iterator nextIt = it;

+                ++nextIt;

+                pMetadata->m_Suballocations.erase(it);

+                it = nextIt;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                ++it;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::PostprocessMetadata()

+{

+    const size_t blockCount = m_pBlockVector->GetBlockCount();

+    for(size_t blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; ++blockIndex)

+    {

+        VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* const pMetadata =

+            (VmaBlockMetadata_Generic*)m_pBlockVector->GetBlock(blockIndex)->m_pMetadata;

+        const VkDeviceSize blockSize = pMetadata->GetSize();

+        

+        // No allocations in this block - entire area is free.

+        if(pMetadata->m_Suballocations.empty())

+        {

+            pMetadata->m_FreeCount = 1;

+            //pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize is already set to blockSize.

+            VmaSuballocation suballoc = {

+                0, // offset

+                blockSize, // size

+                VMA_NULL, // hAllocation

+                VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };

+            pMetadata->m_Suballocations.push_back(suballoc);

+            pMetadata->RegisterFreeSuballocation(pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin());

+        }

+        // There are some allocations in this block.

+        else

+        {

+            VkDeviceSize offset = 0;

+            VmaSuballocationList::iterator it;

+            for(it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();

+                it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end();

+                ++it)

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(it->type != VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE);

+                VMA_ASSERT(it->offset >= offset);

+

+                // Need to insert preceding free space.

+                if(it->offset > offset)

+                {

+                    ++pMetadata->m_FreeCount;

+                    const VkDeviceSize freeSize = it->offset - offset;

+                    VmaSuballocation suballoc = {

+                        offset, // offset

+                        freeSize, // size

+                        VMA_NULL, // hAllocation

+                        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };

+                    VmaSuballocationList::iterator precedingFreeIt = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(it, suballoc);

+                    if(freeSize >= VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+                    {

+                        pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(precedingFreeIt);

+                    }

+                }

+

+                pMetadata->m_SumFreeSize -= it->size;

+                offset = it->offset + it->size;

+            }

+

+            // Need to insert trailing free space.

+            if(offset < blockSize)

+            {

+                ++pMetadata->m_FreeCount;

+                const VkDeviceSize freeSize = blockSize - offset;

+                VmaSuballocation suballoc = {

+                    offset, // offset

+                    freeSize, // size

+                    VMA_NULL, // hAllocation

+                    VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_FREE };

+                VMA_ASSERT(it == pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end());

+                VmaSuballocationList::iterator trailingFreeIt = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(it, suballoc);

+                if(freeSize > VMA_MIN_FREE_SUBALLOCATION_SIZE_TO_REGISTER)

+                {

+                    pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.push_back(trailingFreeIt);

+                }

+            }

+

+            VMA_SORT(

+                pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.begin(),

+                pMetadata->m_FreeSuballocationsBySize.end(),

+                VmaSuballocationItemSizeLess());

+        }

+

+        VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(pMetadata->Validate());

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast::InsertSuballoc(VmaBlockMetadata_Generic* pMetadata, const VmaSuballocation& suballoc)

+{

+    // TODO: Optimize somehow. Remember iterator instead of searching for it linearly.

+    VmaSuballocationList::iterator it = pMetadata->m_Suballocations.begin();

+    while(it != pMetadata->m_Suballocations.end())

+    {

+        if(it->offset < suballoc.offset)

+        {

+            ++it;

+        }

+    }

+    pMetadata->m_Suballocations.insert(it, suballoc);

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext

+

+VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    VmaPool hCustomPool,

+    VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector,

+    uint32_t currFrameIndex) :

+    res(VK_SUCCESS),

+    mutexLocked(false),

+    blockContexts(VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockDefragmentationContext>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_hAllocator(hAllocator),

+    m_hCustomPool(hCustomPool),

+    m_pBlockVector(pBlockVector),

+    m_CurrFrameIndex(currFrameIndex),

+    m_pAlgorithm(VMA_NULL),

+    m_Allocations(VmaStlAllocator<AllocInfo>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_AllAllocations(false)

+{

+}

+

+VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::~VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext()

+{

+    vma_delete(m_hAllocator, m_pAlgorithm);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::AddAllocation(VmaAllocation hAlloc, VkBool32* pChanged)

+{

+    AllocInfo info = { hAlloc, pChanged };

+    m_Allocations.push_back(info);

+}

+

+void VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext::Begin(bool overlappingMoveSupported)

+{

+    const bool allAllocations = m_AllAllocations ||

+        m_Allocations.size() == m_pBlockVector->CalcAllocationCount();

+

+    /********************************

+    HERE IS THE CHOICE OF DEFRAGMENTATION ALGORITHM.

+    ********************************/

+

+    /*

+    Fast algorithm is supported only when certain criteria are met:

+    - VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN is 0.

+    - All allocations in this block vector are moveable.

+    - There is no possibility of image/buffer granularity conflict.

+    */

+    if(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN == 0 &&

+        allAllocations &&

+        !m_pBlockVector->IsBufferImageGranularityConflictPossible())

+    {

+        m_pAlgorithm = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Fast)(

+            m_hAllocator, m_pBlockVector, m_CurrFrameIndex, overlappingMoveSupported);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        m_pAlgorithm = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaDefragmentationAlgorithm_Generic)(

+            m_hAllocator, m_pBlockVector, m_CurrFrameIndex, overlappingMoveSupported);

+    }

+

+    if(allAllocations)

+    {

+        m_pAlgorithm->AddAll();

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        for(size_t i = 0, count = m_Allocations.size(); i < count; ++i)

+        {

+            m_pAlgorithm->AddAllocation(m_Allocations[i].hAlloc, m_Allocations[i].pChanged);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaDefragmentationContext

+

+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::VmaDefragmentationContext_T(

+    VmaAllocator hAllocator,

+    uint32_t currFrameIndex,

+    uint32_t flags,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats) :

+    m_hAllocator(hAllocator),

+    m_CurrFrameIndex(currFrameIndex),

+    m_Flags(flags),

+    m_pStats(pStats),

+    m_CustomPoolContexts(VmaStlAllocator<VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext*>(hAllocator->GetAllocationCallbacks()))

+{

+    memset(m_DefaultPoolContexts, 0, sizeof(m_DefaultPoolContexts));

+}

+

+VmaDefragmentationContext_T::~VmaDefragmentationContext_T()

+{

+    for(size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )

+    {

+        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];

+        pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->DefragmentationEnd(pBlockVectorCtx, m_pStats);

+        vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockVectorCtx);

+    }

+    for(size_t i = m_hAllocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypeCount; i--; )

+    {

+        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[i];

+        if(pBlockVectorCtx)

+        {

+            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->DefragmentationEnd(pBlockVectorCtx, m_pStats);

+            vma_delete(m_hAllocator, pBlockVectorCtx);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationContext_T::AddPools(uint32_t poolCount, VmaPool* pPools)

+{

+    for(uint32_t poolIndex = 0; poolIndex < poolCount; ++poolIndex)

+    {

+        VmaPool pool = pPools[poolIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pool);

+        // Pools with algorithm other than default are not defragmented.

+        if(pool->m_BlockVector.GetAlgorithm() == 0)

+        {

+            VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorDefragCtx = VMA_NULL;

+            

+            for(size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )

+            {

+                if(m_CustomPoolContexts[i]->GetCustomPool() == pool)

+                {

+                    pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];

+                    break;

+                }

+            }

+            

+            if(!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)

+            {

+                pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(

+                    m_hAllocator,

+                    pool,

+                    &pool->m_BlockVector,

+                    m_CurrFrameIndex);

+                m_CustomPoolContexts.push_back(pBlockVectorDefragCtx);

+            }

+

+            pBlockVectorDefragCtx->AddAll();

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaDefragmentationContext_T::AddAllocations(

+    uint32_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged)

+{

+    // Dispatch pAllocations among defragmentators. Create them when necessary.

+    for(uint32_t allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)

+    {

+        const VmaAllocation hAlloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(hAlloc);

+        // DedicatedAlloc cannot be defragmented.

+        if((hAlloc->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK) &&

+            // Lost allocation cannot be defragmented.

+            (hAlloc->GetLastUseFrameIndex() != VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST))

+        {

+            VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorDefragCtx = VMA_NULL;

+

+            const VmaPool hAllocPool = hAlloc->GetBlock()->GetParentPool();

+            // This allocation belongs to custom pool.

+            if(hAllocPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+            {

+                // Pools with algorithm other than default are not defragmented.

+                if(hAllocPool->m_BlockVector.GetAlgorithm() == 0)

+                {

+                    for(size_t i = m_CustomPoolContexts.size(); i--; )

+                    {

+                        if(m_CustomPoolContexts[i]->GetCustomPool() == hAllocPool)

+                        {

+                            pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[i];

+                            break;

+                        }

+                    }

+                    if(!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)

+                    {

+                        pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(

+                            m_hAllocator,

+                            hAllocPool,

+                            &hAllocPool->m_BlockVector,

+                            m_CurrFrameIndex);

+                        m_CustomPoolContexts.push_back(pBlockVectorDefragCtx);

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+            // This allocation belongs to default pool.

+            else

+            {

+                const uint32_t memTypeIndex = hAlloc->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+                pBlockVectorDefragCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];

+                if(!pBlockVectorDefragCtx)

+                {

+                    pBlockVectorDefragCtx = vma_new(m_hAllocator, VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext)(

+                        m_hAllocator,

+                        VMA_NULL, // hCustomPool

+                        m_hAllocator->m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex],

+                        m_CurrFrameIndex);

+                    m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex] = pBlockVectorDefragCtx;

+                }

+            }

+

+            if(pBlockVectorDefragCtx)

+            {

+                VkBool32* const pChanged = (pAllocationsChanged != VMA_NULL) ?

+                    &pAllocationsChanged[allocIndex] : VMA_NULL;

+                pBlockVectorDefragCtx->AddAllocation(hAlloc, pChanged);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaDefragmentationContext_T::Defragment(

+    VkDeviceSize maxCpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+    VkDeviceSize maxGpuBytesToMove, uint32_t maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats)

+{

+    if(pStats)

+    {

+        memset(pStats, 0, sizeof(VmaDefragmentationStats));

+    }

+

+    if(commandBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        maxGpuBytesToMove = 0;

+        maxGpuAllocationsToMove = 0;

+    }

+

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+

+    // Process default pools.

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0;

+        memTypeIndex < m_hAllocator->GetMemoryTypeCount() && res >= VK_SUCCESS;

+        ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_DefaultPoolContexts[memTypeIndex];

+        if(pBlockVectorCtx)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());

+            pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(

+                pBlockVectorCtx,

+                pStats,

+                maxCpuBytesToMove, maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+                maxGpuBytesToMove, maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+                commandBuffer);

+            if(pBlockVectorCtx->res != VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                res = pBlockVectorCtx->res;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Process custom pools.

+    for(size_t customCtxIndex = 0, customCtxCount = m_CustomPoolContexts.size();

+        customCtxIndex < customCtxCount && res >= VK_SUCCESS;

+        ++customCtxIndex)

+    {

+        VmaBlockVectorDefragmentationContext* pBlockVectorCtx = m_CustomPoolContexts[customCtxIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVectorCtx && pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector());

+        pBlockVectorCtx->GetBlockVector()->Defragment(

+            pBlockVectorCtx,

+            pStats,

+            maxCpuBytesToMove, maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+            maxGpuBytesToMove, maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+            commandBuffer);

+        if(pBlockVectorCtx->res != VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            res = pBlockVectorCtx->res;

+        }

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaRecorder

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+

+VmaRecorder::VmaRecorder() :

+    m_UseMutex(true),

+    m_Flags(0),

+    m_File(VMA_NULL),

+    m_Freq(INT64_MAX),

+    m_StartCounter(INT64_MAX)

+{

+}

+

+VkResult VmaRecorder::Init(const VmaRecordSettings& settings, bool useMutex)

+{

+    m_UseMutex = useMutex;

+    m_Flags = settings.flags;

+

+    QueryPerformanceFrequency((LARGE_INTEGER*)&m_Freq);

+    QueryPerformanceCounter((LARGE_INTEGER*)&m_StartCounter);

+

+    // Open file for writing.

+    errno_t err = fopen_s(&m_File, settings.pFilePath, "wb");

+    if(err != 0)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;

+    }

+

+    // Write header.

+    fprintf(m_File, "%s\n", "Vulkan Memory Allocator,Calls recording");

+    fprintf(m_File, "%s\n", "1,6");

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+VmaRecorder::~VmaRecorder()

+{

+    if(m_File != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        fclose(m_File);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordCreateAllocator(uint32_t frameIndex)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaCreateAllocator\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDestroyAllocator(uint32_t frameIndex)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDestroyAllocator\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordCreatePool(uint32_t frameIndex, const VmaPoolCreateInfo& createInfo, VmaPool pool)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaCreatePool,%u,%u,%llu,%llu,%llu,%u,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        createInfo.memoryTypeIndex,

+        createInfo.flags,

+        createInfo.blockSize,

+        (uint64_t)createInfo.minBlockCount,

+        (uint64_t)createInfo.maxBlockCount,

+        createInfo.frameInUseCount,

+        pool);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDestroyPool(uint32_t frameIndex, VmaPool pool)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDestroyPool,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        pool);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordAllocateMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+        const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+        const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+        VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaAllocateMemory,%llu,%llu,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        vkMemReq.size,

+        vkMemReq.alignment,

+        vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.flags,

+        createInfo.usage,

+        createInfo.requiredFlags,

+        createInfo.preferredFlags,

+        createInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.pool,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordAllocateMemoryPages(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    uint64_t allocationCount,

+    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaAllocateMemoryPages,%llu,%llu,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        vkMemReq.size,

+        vkMemReq.alignment,

+        vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.flags,

+        createInfo.usage,

+        createInfo.requiredFlags,

+        createInfo.preferredFlags,

+        createInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.pool);

+    PrintPointerList(allocationCount, pAllocations);

+    fprintf(m_File, ",%s\n", userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordAllocateMemoryForBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer,%llu,%llu,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        vkMemReq.size,

+        vkMemReq.alignment,

+        vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation ? 1 : 0,

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation ? 1 : 0,

+        createInfo.flags,

+        createInfo.usage,

+        createInfo.requiredFlags,

+        createInfo.preferredFlags,

+        createInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.pool,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordAllocateMemoryForImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(createInfo.flags, createInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaAllocateMemoryForImage,%llu,%llu,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        vkMemReq.size,

+        vkMemReq.alignment,

+        vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation ? 1 : 0,

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation ? 1 : 0,

+        createInfo.flags,

+        createInfo.usage,

+        createInfo.requiredFlags,

+        createInfo.preferredFlags,

+        createInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        createInfo.pool,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordFreeMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaFreeMemory,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordFreeMemoryPages(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    uint64_t allocationCount,

+    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaFreeMemoryPages,", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex);

+    PrintPointerList(allocationCount, pAllocations);

+    fprintf(m_File, "\n");

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordSetAllocationUserData(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    const void* pUserData)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(

+        allocation->IsUserDataString() ? VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT : 0,

+        pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaSetAllocationUserData,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordCreateLostAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaCreateLostAllocation,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordMapMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaMapMemory,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordUnmapMemory(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaUnmapMemory,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordFlushAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaFlushAllocation,%p,%llu,%llu\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation,

+        offset,

+        size);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordInvalidateAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaInvalidateAllocation,%p,%llu,%llu\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation,

+        offset,

+        size);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordCreateBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VkBufferCreateInfo& bufCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& allocCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(allocCreateInfo.flags, allocCreateInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaCreateBuffer,%u,%llu,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        bufCreateInfo.flags,

+        bufCreateInfo.size,

+        bufCreateInfo.usage,

+        bufCreateInfo.sharingMode,

+        allocCreateInfo.flags,

+        allocCreateInfo.usage,

+        allocCreateInfo.requiredFlags,

+        allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags,

+        allocCreateInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        allocCreateInfo.pool,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordCreateImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VkImageCreateInfo& imageCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& allocCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    UserDataString userDataStr(allocCreateInfo.flags, allocCreateInfo.pUserData);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaCreateImage,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%p,%s\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        imageCreateInfo.flags,

+        imageCreateInfo.imageType,

+        imageCreateInfo.format,

+        imageCreateInfo.extent.width,

+        imageCreateInfo.extent.height,

+        imageCreateInfo.extent.depth,

+        imageCreateInfo.mipLevels,

+        imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers,

+        imageCreateInfo.samples,

+        imageCreateInfo.tiling,

+        imageCreateInfo.usage,

+        imageCreateInfo.sharingMode,

+        imageCreateInfo.initialLayout,

+        allocCreateInfo.flags,

+        allocCreateInfo.usage,

+        allocCreateInfo.requiredFlags,

+        allocCreateInfo.preferredFlags,

+        allocCreateInfo.memoryTypeBits,

+        allocCreateInfo.pool,

+        allocation,

+        userDataStr.GetString());

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDestroyBuffer(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDestroyBuffer,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDestroyImage(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDestroyImage,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordTouchAllocation(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaTouchAllocation,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordGetAllocationInfo(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaGetAllocationInfo,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        allocation);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordMakePoolAllocationsLost(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaPool pool)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaMakePoolAllocationsLost,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        pool);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDefragmentationBegin(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext ctx)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDefragmentationBegin,%u,", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        info.flags);

+    PrintPointerList(info.allocationCount, info.pAllocations);

+    fprintf(m_File, ",");

+    PrintPointerList(info.poolCount, info.pPools);

+    fprintf(m_File, ",%llu,%u,%llu,%u,%p,%p\n",

+        info.maxCpuBytesToMove,

+        info.maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+        info.maxGpuBytesToMove,

+        info.maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+        info.commandBuffer,

+        ctx);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::RecordDefragmentationEnd(uint32_t frameIndex,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext ctx)

+{

+    CallParams callParams;

+    GetBasicParams(callParams);

+

+    VmaMutexLock lock(m_FileMutex, m_UseMutex);

+    fprintf(m_File, "%u,%.3f,%u,vmaDefragmentationEnd,%p\n", callParams.threadId, callParams.time, frameIndex,

+        ctx);

+    Flush();

+}

+

+VmaRecorder::UserDataString::UserDataString(VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocFlags, const void* pUserData)

+{

+    if(pUserData != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        if((allocFlags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+            m_Str = (const char*)pUserData;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            sprintf_s(m_PtrStr, "%p", pUserData);

+            m_Str = m_PtrStr;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        m_Str = "";

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::WriteConfiguration(

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties& devProps,

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& memProps,

+    bool dedicatedAllocationExtensionEnabled,

+    bool bindMemory2ExtensionEnabled)

+{

+    fprintf(m_File, "Config,Begin\n");

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,apiVersion,%u\n", devProps.apiVersion);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,driverVersion,%u\n", devProps.driverVersion);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,vendorID,%u\n", devProps.vendorID);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,deviceID,%u\n", devProps.deviceID);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,deviceType,%u\n", devProps.deviceType);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDevice,deviceName,%s\n", devProps.deviceName);

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceLimits,maxMemoryAllocationCount,%u\n", devProps.limits.maxMemoryAllocationCount);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceLimits,bufferImageGranularity,%llu\n", devProps.limits.bufferImageGranularity);

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceLimits,nonCoherentAtomSize,%llu\n", devProps.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize);

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,HeapCount,%u\n", memProps.memoryHeapCount);

+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < memProps.memoryHeapCount; ++i)

+    {

+        fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,Heap,%u,size,%llu\n", i, memProps.memoryHeaps[i].size);

+        fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,Heap,%u,flags,%u\n", i, memProps.memoryHeaps[i].flags);

+    }

+    fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,TypeCount,%u\n", memProps.memoryTypeCount);

+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < memProps.memoryTypeCount; ++i)

+    {

+        fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,Type,%u,heapIndex,%u\n", i, memProps.memoryTypes[i].heapIndex);

+        fprintf(m_File, "PhysicalDeviceMemory,Type,%u,propertyFlags,%u\n", i, memProps.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags);

+    }

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "Extension,VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation,%u\n", dedicatedAllocationExtensionEnabled ? 1 : 0);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Extension,VK_KHR_bind_memory2,%u\n", bindMemory2ExtensionEnabled ? 1 : 0);

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY,%u\n", VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY ? 1 : 0);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT,%llu\n", (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN,%llu\n", (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS,%u\n", VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS ? 1 : 0);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION,%u\n", VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION ? 1 : 0);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX,%u\n", VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX ? 1 : 0);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY,%llu\n", (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE,%llu\n", (VkDeviceSize)VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE);

+    fprintf(m_File, "Macro,VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE,%llu\n", (VkDeviceSize)VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE);

+

+    fprintf(m_File, "Config,End\n");

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::GetBasicParams(CallParams& outParams)

+{

+    outParams.threadId = GetCurrentThreadId();

+

+    LARGE_INTEGER counter;

+    QueryPerformanceCounter(&counter);

+    outParams.time = (double)(counter.QuadPart - m_StartCounter) / (double)m_Freq;

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::PrintPointerList(uint64_t count, const VmaAllocation* pItems)

+{

+    if(count)

+    {

+        fprintf(m_File, "%p", pItems[0]);

+        for(uint64_t i = 1; i < count; ++i)

+        {

+            fprintf(m_File, " %p", pItems[i]);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaRecorder::Flush()

+{

+    if((m_Flags & VMA_RECORD_FLUSH_AFTER_CALL_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        fflush(m_File);

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaAllocationObjectAllocator

+

+VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::VmaAllocationObjectAllocator(const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocationCallbacks) :

+    m_Allocator(pAllocationCallbacks, 1024)

+{

+}

+

+VmaAllocation VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Allocate()

+{

+    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);

+    return m_Allocator.Alloc();

+}

+

+void VmaAllocationObjectAllocator::Free(VmaAllocation hAlloc)

+{

+    VmaMutexLock mutexLock(m_Mutex);

+    m_Allocator.Free(hAlloc);

+}

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// VmaAllocator_T

+

+VmaAllocator_T::VmaAllocator_T(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo) :

+    m_UseMutex((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT) == 0),

+    m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0),

+    m_UseKhrBindMemory2((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0),

+    m_hDevice(pCreateInfo->device),

+    m_AllocationCallbacksSpecified(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks != VMA_NULL),

+    m_AllocationCallbacks(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks ?

+        *pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks : VmaEmptyAllocationCallbacks),

+    m_AllocationObjectAllocator(&m_AllocationCallbacks),

+    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize(0),

+    m_PhysicalDevice(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice),

+    m_CurrentFrameIndex(0),

+    m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits(UINT32_MAX),

+    m_Pools(VmaStlAllocator<VmaPool>(GetAllocationCallbacks())),

+    m_NextPoolId(0)

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    ,m_pRecorder(VMA_NULL)

+#endif

+{

+    if(VMA_DEBUG_DETECT_CORRUPTION)

+    {

+        // Needs to be multiply of uint32_t size because we are going to write VMA_CORRUPTION_DETECTION_MAGIC_VALUE to it.

+        VMA_ASSERT(VMA_DEBUG_MARGIN % sizeof(uint32_t) == 0);

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo->physicalDevice && pCreateInfo->device);

+

+#if !(VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION)

+    if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BIT set but required extensions are disabled by preprocessor macros.");

+    }

+#endif

+#if !(VMA_BIND_MEMORY2)

+    if((pCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_BIND_MEMORY2_BIT set but required extension is disabled by preprocessor macros.");

+    }

+#endif

+

+    memset(&m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks, 0 ,sizeof(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks));

+    memset(&m_PhysicalDeviceProperties, 0, sizeof(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties));

+    memset(&m_MemProps, 0, sizeof(m_MemProps));

+        

+    memset(&m_pBlockVectors, 0, sizeof(m_pBlockVectors));

+    memset(&m_pDedicatedAllocations, 0, sizeof(m_pDedicatedAllocations));

+    memset(&m_VulkanFunctions, 0, sizeof(m_VulkanFunctions));

+

+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++i)

+    {

+        m_HeapSizeLimit[i] = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

+    }

+

+    if(pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnAllocate;

+        m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree = pCreateInfo->pDeviceMemoryCallbacks->pfnFree;

+    }

+

+    ImportVulkanFunctions(pCreateInfo->pVulkanFunctions);

+

+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_PhysicalDeviceProperties);

+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)(m_PhysicalDevice, &m_MemProps);

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_DEBUG_ALIGNMENT));

+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(VMA_DEBUG_MIN_BUFFER_IMAGE_GRANULARITY));

+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.bufferImageGranularity));

+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize));

+

+    m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize = (pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize != 0) ?

+        pCreateInfo->preferredLargeHeapBlockSize : static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(VMA_DEFAULT_LARGE_HEAP_BLOCK_SIZE);

+

+    if(pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)

+        {

+            const VkDeviceSize limit = pCreateInfo->pHeapSizeLimit[heapIndex];

+            if(limit != VK_WHOLE_SIZE)

+            {

+                m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] = limit;

+                if(limit < m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size)

+                {

+                    m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size = limit;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(memTypeIndex);

+

+        m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex] = vma_new(this, VmaBlockVector)(

+            this,

+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // hParentPool

+            memTypeIndex,

+            preferredBlockSize,

+            0,

+            SIZE_MAX,

+            GetBufferImageGranularity(),

+            pCreateInfo->frameInUseCount,

+            false, // isCustomPool

+            false, // explicitBlockSize

+            false); // linearAlgorithm

+        // No need to call m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex][blockVectorTypeIndex]->CreateMinBlocks here,

+        // becase minBlockCount is 0.

+        m_pDedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex] = vma_new(this, AllocationVectorType)(VmaStlAllocator<VmaAllocation>(GetAllocationCallbacks()));

+

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Init(const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo)

+{

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+

+    if(pCreateInfo->pRecordSettings != VMA_NULL &&

+        !VmaStrIsEmpty(pCreateInfo->pRecordSettings->pFilePath))

+    {

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+        m_pRecorder = vma_new(this, VmaRecorder)();

+        res = m_pRecorder->Init(*pCreateInfo->pRecordSettings, m_UseMutex);

+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            return res;

+        }

+        m_pRecorder->WriteConfiguration(

+            m_PhysicalDeviceProperties,

+            m_MemProps,

+            m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation,

+            m_UseKhrBindMemory2);

+        m_pRecorder->RecordCreateAllocator(GetCurrentFrameIndex());

+#else

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pRecordSettings used, but not supported due to VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED not defined to 1.");

+        return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+#endif

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VmaAllocator_T::~VmaAllocator_T()

+{

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(m_pRecorder != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        m_pRecorder->RecordDestroyAllocator(GetCurrentFrameIndex());

+        vma_delete(this, m_pRecorder);

+    }

+#endif

+    

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_Pools.empty());

+

+    for(size_t i = GetMemoryTypeCount(); i--; )

+    {

+        if(m_pDedicatedAllocations[i] != VMA_NULL && !m_pDedicatedAllocations[i]->empty())

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Unfreed dedicated allocations found.");

+        }

+

+        vma_delete(this, m_pDedicatedAllocations[i]);

+        vma_delete(this, m_pBlockVectors[i]);

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::ImportVulkanFunctions(const VmaVulkanFunctions* pVulkanFunctions)

+{

+#if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = (PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory = (PFN_vkAllocateMemory)vkAllocateMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory = (PFN_vkFreeMemory)vkFreeMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory = (PFN_vkMapMemory)vkMapMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory = (PFN_vkUnmapMemory)vkUnmapMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges = (PFN_vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory = (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory)vkBindBufferMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory = (PFN_vkBindImageMemory)vkBindImageMemory;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements = (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer = (PFN_vkCreateBuffer)vkCreateBuffer;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer = (PFN_vkDestroyBuffer)vkDestroyBuffer;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage = (PFN_vkCreateImage)vkCreateImage;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage = (PFN_vkDestroyImage)vkDestroyImage;

+    m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer = (PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer)vkCmdCopyBuffer;

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR =

+            (PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, "vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR");

+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR =

+            (PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR");

+    }

+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+    if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2)

+    {

+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR =

+            (PFN_vkBindBufferMemory2KHR)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR");

+        m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR =

+            (PFN_vkBindImageMemory2KHR)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(m_hDevice, "vkBindImageMemory2KHR");

+    }

+#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+#endif // #if VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS == 1

+

+#define VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(funcName) \

+    if(pVulkanFunctions->funcName != VMA_NULL) m_VulkanFunctions.funcName = pVulkanFunctions->funcName;

+

+    if(pVulkanFunctions != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkAllocateMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFreeMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkMapMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkUnmapMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateBuffer);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyBuffer);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCreateImage);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkDestroyImage);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkCmdCopyBuffer);

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR);

+#endif

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindBufferMemory2KHR);

+        VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL(vkBindImageMemory2KHR);

+#endif

+    }

+

+#undef VMA_COPY_IF_NOT_NULL

+

+    // If these asserts are hit, you must either #define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1

+    // or pass valid pointers as VmaAllocatorCreateInfo::pVulkanFunctions.

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateBuffer != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyBuffer != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCreateImage != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkDestroyImage != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkCmdCopyBuffer != VMA_NULL);

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR != VMA_NULL);

+    }

+#endif

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+    if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);

+        VMA_ASSERT(m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL);

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+VkDeviceSize VmaAllocator_T::CalcPreferredBlockSize(uint32_t memTypeIndex)

+{

+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);

+    const VkDeviceSize heapSize = m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size;

+    const bool isSmallHeap = heapSize <= VMA_SMALL_HEAP_MAX_SIZE;

+    return isSmallHeap ? (heapSize / 8) : m_PreferredLargeHeapBlockSize;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemoryOfType(

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VkDeviceSize alignment,

+    bool dedicatedAllocation,

+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+    VkImage dedicatedImage,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  AllocateMemory: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, AllocationCount=%zu, Size=%llu", memTypeIndex, allocationCount, size);

+

+    VmaAllocationCreateInfo finalCreateInfo = createInfo;

+

+    // If memory type is not HOST_VISIBLE, disable MAPPED.

+    if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0 &&

+        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)

+    {

+        finalCreateInfo.flags &= ~VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;

+    }

+

+    VmaBlockVector* const blockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];

+    VMA_ASSERT(blockVector);

+

+    const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = blockVector->GetPreferredBlockSize();

+    bool preferDedicatedMemory =

+        VMA_DEBUG_ALWAYS_DEDICATED_MEMORY ||

+        dedicatedAllocation ||

+        // Heuristics: Allocate dedicated memory if requested size if greater than half of preferred block size.

+        size > preferredBlockSize / 2;

+

+    if(preferDedicatedMemory &&

+        (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) == 0 &&

+        finalCreateInfo.pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        finalCreateInfo.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT;

+    }

+

+    if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            return AllocateDedicatedMemory(

+                size,

+                suballocType,

+                memTypeIndex,

+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,

+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,

+                finalCreateInfo.pUserData,

+                dedicatedBuffer,

+                dedicatedImage,

+                allocationCount,

+                pAllocations);

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        VkResult res = blockVector->Allocate(

+            m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(),

+            size,

+            alignment,

+            finalCreateInfo,

+            suballocType,

+            allocationCount,

+            pAllocations);

+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            return res;

+        }

+

+        // 5. Try dedicated memory.

+        if((finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            res = AllocateDedicatedMemory(

+                size,

+                suballocType,

+                memTypeIndex,

+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0,

+                (finalCreateInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_USER_DATA_COPY_STRING_BIT) != 0,

+                finalCreateInfo.pUserData,

+                dedicatedBuffer,

+                dedicatedImage,

+                allocationCount,

+                pAllocations);

+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                // Succeeded: AllocateDedicatedMemory function already filld pMemory, nothing more to do here.

+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated as DedicatedMemory");

+                return VK_SUCCESS;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                // Everything failed: Return error code.

+                VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");

+                return res;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemory(

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+    bool map,

+    bool isUserDataString,

+    void* pUserData,

+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+    VkImage dedicatedImage,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocationCount > 0 && pAllocations);

+

+    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };

+    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;

+    allocInfo.allocationSize = size;

+

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfoKHR dedicatedAllocInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO_KHR };

+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        if(dedicatedBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(dedicatedImage == VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+            dedicatedAllocInfo.buffer = dedicatedBuffer;

+            allocInfo.pNext = &dedicatedAllocInfo;

+        }

+        else if(dedicatedImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            dedicatedAllocInfo.image = dedicatedImage;

+            allocInfo.pNext = &dedicatedAllocInfo;

+        }

+    }

+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+

+    size_t allocIndex;

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+    for(allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)

+    {

+        res = AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(

+            size,

+            suballocType,

+            memTypeIndex,

+            allocInfo,

+            map,

+            isUserDataString,

+            pUserData,

+            pAllocations + allocIndex);

+        if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            break;

+        }

+    }

+

+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        // Register them in m_pDedicatedAllocations.

+        {

+            VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_DedicatedAllocationsMutex[memTypeIndex], m_UseMutex);

+            AllocationVectorType* pDedicatedAllocations = m_pDedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];

+            VMA_ASSERT(pDedicatedAllocations);

+            for(allocIndex = 0; allocIndex < allocationCount; ++allocIndex)

+            {

+                VmaVectorInsertSorted<VmaPointerLess>(*pDedicatedAllocations, pAllocations[allocIndex]);

+            }

+        }

+

+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Allocated DedicatedMemory Count=%zu, MemoryTypeIndex=#%u", allocationCount, memTypeIndex);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        // Free all already created allocations.

+        while(allocIndex--)

+        {

+            VmaAllocation currAlloc = pAllocations[allocIndex];

+            VkDeviceMemory hMemory = currAlloc->GetMemory();

+    

+            /*

+            There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory

+            before vkFreeMemory.

+

+            if(currAlloc->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)

+            {

+                (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);

+            }

+            */

+    

+            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, currAlloc->GetSize(), hMemory);

+

+            currAlloc->SetUserData(this, VMA_NULL);

+            currAlloc->Dtor();

+            m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(currAlloc);

+        }

+

+        memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateDedicatedMemoryPage(

+    VkDeviceSize size,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    uint32_t memTypeIndex,

+    const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& allocInfo,

+    bool map,

+    bool isUserDataString,

+    void* pUserData,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)

+{

+    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    VkResult res = AllocateVulkanMemory(&allocInfo, &hMemory);

+    if(res < 0)

+    {

+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkAllocateMemory FAILED");

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    void* pMappedData = VMA_NULL;

+    if(map)

+    {

+        res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkMapMemory)(

+            m_hDevice,

+            hMemory,

+            0,

+            VK_WHOLE_SIZE,

+            0,

+            &pMappedData);

+        if(res < 0)

+        {

+            VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    vkMapMemory FAILED");

+            FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, size, hMemory);

+            return res;

+        }

+    }

+

+    *pAllocation = m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate();

+    (*pAllocation)->Ctor(m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(), isUserDataString);

+    (*pAllocation)->InitDedicatedAllocation(memTypeIndex, hMemory, suballocType, pMappedData, size);

+    (*pAllocation)->SetUserData(this, pUserData);

+    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)

+    {

+        FillAllocation(*pAllocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_CREATED);

+    }

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::GetBufferMemoryRequirements(

+    VkBuffer hBuffer,

+    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,

+    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const

+{

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };

+        memReqInfo.buffer = hBuffer;

+

+        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };

+

+        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };

+        memReq2.pNext = &memDedicatedReq;

+

+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);

+

+        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);

+    }

+    else

+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    {

+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hBuffer, &memReq);

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::GetImageMemoryRequirements(

+    VkImage hImage,

+    VkMemoryRequirements& memReq,

+    bool& requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+    bool& prefersDedicatedAllocation) const

+{

+#if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    if(m_UseKhrDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR memReqInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2_KHR };

+        memReqInfo.image = hImage;

+

+        VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR memDedicatedReq = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS_KHR };

+

+        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR memReq2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_KHR };

+        memReq2.pNext = &memDedicatedReq;

+

+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR)(m_hDevice, &memReqInfo, &memReq2);

+

+        memReq = memReq2.memoryRequirements;

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = (memDedicatedReq.requiresDedicatedAllocation != VK_FALSE);

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = (memDedicatedReq.prefersDedicatedAllocation  != VK_FALSE);

+    }

+    else

+#endif // #if VMA_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION

+    {

+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, hImage, &memReq);

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateMemory(

+    const VkMemoryRequirements& vkMemReq,

+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+    VkBuffer dedicatedBuffer,

+    VkImage dedicatedImage,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo& createInfo,

+    VmaSuballocationType suballocType,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    memset(pAllocations, 0, sizeof(VmaAllocation) * allocationCount);

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(VmaIsPow2(vkMemReq.alignment));

+

+    if(vkMemReq.size == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+    }

+    if((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT) != 0 &&

+        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT together with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT makes no sense.");

+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+    }

+    if((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0 &&

+        (createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT together with VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_CAN_BECOME_LOST_BIT is invalid.");

+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+    }

+    if(requiresDedicatedAllocation)

+    {

+        if((createInfo.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_NEVER_ALLOCATE_BIT specified while dedicated allocation is required.");

+            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+        }

+        if(createInfo.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Pool specified while dedicated allocation is required.");

+            return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+        }

+    }

+    if((createInfo.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE) &&

+        ((createInfo.flags & (VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT)) != 0))

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(0 && "Specifying VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DEDICATED_MEMORY_BIT when pool != null is invalid.");

+        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+    }

+

+    if(createInfo.pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize alignmentForPool = VMA_MAX(

+            vkMemReq.alignment,

+            GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(createInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex()));

+

+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo createInfoForPool = createInfo;

+        // If memory type is not HOST_VISIBLE, disable MAPPED.

+        if((createInfoForPool.flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT) != 0 &&

+            (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[createInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex()].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)

+        {

+            createInfoForPool.flags &= ~VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;

+        }

+

+        return createInfo.pool->m_BlockVector.Allocate(

+            m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(),

+            vkMemReq.size,

+            alignmentForPool,

+            createInfoForPool,

+            suballocType,

+            allocationCount,

+            pAllocations);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        // Bit mask of memory Vulkan types acceptable for this allocation.

+        uint32_t memoryTypeBits = vkMemReq.memoryTypeBits;

+        uint32_t memTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;

+        VkResult res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(this, memoryTypeBits, &createInfo, &memTypeIndex);

+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            VkDeviceSize alignmentForMemType = VMA_MAX(

+                vkMemReq.alignment,

+                GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(memTypeIndex));

+

+            res = AllocateMemoryOfType(

+                vkMemReq.size,

+                alignmentForMemType,

+                requiresDedicatedAllocation || prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+                dedicatedBuffer,

+                dedicatedImage,

+                createInfo,

+                memTypeIndex,

+                suballocType,

+                allocationCount,

+                pAllocations);

+            // Succeeded on first try.

+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                return res;

+            }

+            // Allocation from this memory type failed. Try other compatible memory types.

+            else

+            {

+                for(;;)

+                {

+                    // Remove old memTypeIndex from list of possibilities.

+                    memoryTypeBits &= ~(1u << memTypeIndex);

+                    // Find alternative memTypeIndex.

+                    res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(this, memoryTypeBits, &createInfo, &memTypeIndex);

+                    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                    {

+                        alignmentForMemType = VMA_MAX(

+                            vkMemReq.alignment,

+                            GetMemoryTypeMinAlignment(memTypeIndex));

+                        

+                        res = AllocateMemoryOfType(

+                            vkMemReq.size,

+                            alignmentForMemType,

+                            requiresDedicatedAllocation || prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+                            dedicatedBuffer,

+                            dedicatedImage,

+                            createInfo,

+                            memTypeIndex,

+                            suballocType,

+                            allocationCount,

+                            pAllocations);

+                        // Allocation from this alternative memory type succeeded.

+                        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+                        {

+                            return res;

+                        }

+                        // else: Allocation from this memory type failed. Try next one - next loop iteration.

+                    }

+                    // No other matching memory type index could be found.

+                    else

+                    {

+                        // Not returning res, which is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT, because we already failed to allocate once.

+                        return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+                    }

+                }

+            }

+        }

+        // Can't find any single memory type maching requirements. res is VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT.

+        else

+            return res;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeMemory(

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    const VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocations);

+

+    for(size_t allocIndex = allocationCount; allocIndex--; )

+    {

+        VmaAllocation allocation = pAllocations[allocIndex];

+

+        if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+        {

+            if(TouchAllocation(allocation))

+            {

+                if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS)

+                {

+                    FillAllocation(allocation, VMA_ALLOCATION_FILL_PATTERN_DESTROYED);

+                }

+

+                switch(allocation->GetType())

+                {

+                case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+                    {

+                        VmaBlockVector* pBlockVector = VMA_NULL;

+                        VmaPool hPool = allocation->GetBlock()->GetParentPool();

+                        if(hPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+                        {

+                            pBlockVector = &hPool->m_BlockVector;

+                        }

+                        else

+                        {

+                            const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+                            pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];

+                        }

+                        pBlockVector->Free(allocation);

+                    }

+                    break;

+                case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+                    FreeDedicatedMemory(allocation);

+                    break;

+                default:

+                    VMA_ASSERT(0);

+                }

+            }

+

+            allocation->SetUserData(this, VMA_NULL);

+            allocation->Dtor();

+            m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Free(allocation);

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::ResizeAllocation(

+    const VmaAllocation alloc,

+    VkDeviceSize newSize)

+{

+    // This function is deprecated and so it does nothing. It's left for backward compatibility.

+    if(newSize == 0 || alloc->GetLastUseFrameIndex() == VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+    }

+    if(newSize == alloc->GetSize())

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+    return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::CalculateStats(VmaStats* pStats)

+{

+    // Initialize.

+    InitStatInfo(pStats->total);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES; ++i)

+        InitStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[i]);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS; ++i)

+        InitStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[i]);

+    

+    // Process default pools.

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVector);

+        pBlockVector->AddStats(pStats);

+    }

+

+    // Process custom pools.

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        for(size_t poolIndex = 0, poolCount = m_Pools.size(); poolIndex < poolCount; ++poolIndex)

+        {

+            m_Pools[poolIndex]->m_BlockVector.AddStats(pStats);

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Process dedicated allocations.

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        const uint32_t memHeapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memTypeIndex);

+        VmaMutexLockRead dedicatedAllocationsLock(m_DedicatedAllocationsMutex[memTypeIndex], m_UseMutex);

+        AllocationVectorType* const pDedicatedAllocVector = m_pDedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pDedicatedAllocVector);

+        for(size_t allocIndex = 0, allocCount = pDedicatedAllocVector->size(); allocIndex < allocCount; ++allocIndex)

+        {

+            VmaStatInfo allocationStatInfo;

+            (*pDedicatedAllocVector)[allocIndex]->DedicatedAllocCalcStatsInfo(allocationStatInfo);

+            VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->total, allocationStatInfo);

+            VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[memTypeIndex], allocationStatInfo);

+            VmaAddStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[memHeapIndex], allocationStatInfo);

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Postprocess.

+    VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->total);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++i)

+        VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->memoryType[i]);

+    for(size_t i = 0; i < GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++i)

+        VmaPostprocessCalcStatInfo(pStats->memoryHeap[i]);

+}

+

+static const uint32_t VMA_VENDOR_ID_AMD = 4098;

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationBegin(

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2& info,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext* pContext)

+{

+    if(info.pAllocationsChanged != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        memset(info.pAllocationsChanged, 0, info.allocationCount * sizeof(VkBool32));

+    }

+

+    *pContext = vma_new(this, VmaDefragmentationContext_T)(

+        this, m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(), info.flags, pStats);

+

+    (*pContext)->AddPools(info.poolCount, info.pPools);

+    (*pContext)->AddAllocations(

+        info.allocationCount, info.pAllocations, info.pAllocationsChanged);

+

+    VkResult res = (*pContext)->Defragment(

+        info.maxCpuBytesToMove, info.maxCpuAllocationsToMove,

+        info.maxGpuBytesToMove, info.maxGpuAllocationsToMove,

+        info.commandBuffer, pStats);

+

+    if(res != VK_NOT_READY)

+    {

+        vma_delete(this, *pContext);

+        *pContext = VMA_NULL;

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::DefragmentationEnd(

+    VmaDefragmentationContext context)

+{

+    vma_delete(this, context);

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::GetAllocationInfo(VmaAllocation hAllocation, VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    if(hAllocation->CanBecomeLost())

+    {

+        /*

+        Warning: This is a carefully designed algorithm.

+        Do not modify unless you really know what you're doing :)

+        */

+        const uint32_t localCurrFrameIndex = m_CurrentFrameIndex.load();

+        uint32_t localLastUseFrameIndex = hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex();

+        for(;;)

+        {

+            if(localLastUseFrameIndex == VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST)

+            {

+                pAllocationInfo->memoryType = UINT32_MAX;

+                pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+                pAllocationInfo->offset = 0;

+                pAllocationInfo->size = hAllocation->GetSize();

+                pAllocationInfo->pMappedData = VMA_NULL;

+                pAllocationInfo->pUserData = hAllocation->GetUserData();

+                return;

+            }

+            else if(localLastUseFrameIndex == localCurrFrameIndex)

+            {

+                pAllocationInfo->memoryType = hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+                pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory = hAllocation->GetMemory();

+                pAllocationInfo->offset = hAllocation->GetOffset();

+                pAllocationInfo->size = hAllocation->GetSize();

+                pAllocationInfo->pMappedData = VMA_NULL;

+                pAllocationInfo->pUserData = hAllocation->GetUserData();

+                return;

+            }

+            else // Last use time earlier than current time.

+            {

+                if(hAllocation->CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(localLastUseFrameIndex, localCurrFrameIndex))

+                {

+                    localLastUseFrameIndex = localCurrFrameIndex;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+        uint32_t localCurrFrameIndex = m_CurrentFrameIndex.load();

+        uint32_t localLastUseFrameIndex = hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex();

+        for(;;)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(localLastUseFrameIndex != VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST);

+            if(localLastUseFrameIndex == localCurrFrameIndex)

+            {

+                break;

+            }

+            else // Last use time earlier than current time.

+            {

+                if(hAllocation->CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(localLastUseFrameIndex, localCurrFrameIndex))

+                {

+                    localLastUseFrameIndex = localCurrFrameIndex;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+#endif

+

+        pAllocationInfo->memoryType = hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+        pAllocationInfo->deviceMemory = hAllocation->GetMemory();

+        pAllocationInfo->offset = hAllocation->GetOffset();

+        pAllocationInfo->size = hAllocation->GetSize();

+        pAllocationInfo->pMappedData = hAllocation->GetMappedData();

+        pAllocationInfo->pUserData = hAllocation->GetUserData();

+    }

+}

+

+bool VmaAllocator_T::TouchAllocation(VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    // This is a stripped-down version of VmaAllocator_T::GetAllocationInfo.

+    if(hAllocation->CanBecomeLost())

+    {

+        uint32_t localCurrFrameIndex = m_CurrentFrameIndex.load();

+        uint32_t localLastUseFrameIndex = hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex();

+        for(;;)

+        {

+            if(localLastUseFrameIndex == VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST)

+            {

+                return false;

+            }

+            else if(localLastUseFrameIndex == localCurrFrameIndex)

+            {

+                return true;

+            }

+            else // Last use time earlier than current time.

+            {

+                if(hAllocation->CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(localLastUseFrameIndex, localCurrFrameIndex))

+                {

+                    localLastUseFrameIndex = localCurrFrameIndex;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+        uint32_t localCurrFrameIndex = m_CurrentFrameIndex.load();

+        uint32_t localLastUseFrameIndex = hAllocation->GetLastUseFrameIndex();

+        for(;;)

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(localLastUseFrameIndex != VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST);

+            if(localLastUseFrameIndex == localCurrFrameIndex)

+            {

+                break;

+            }

+            else // Last use time earlier than current time.

+            {

+                if(hAllocation->CompareExchangeLastUseFrameIndex(localLastUseFrameIndex, localCurrFrameIndex))

+                {

+                    localLastUseFrameIndex = localCurrFrameIndex;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+#endif

+

+        return true;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CreatePool(const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, VmaPool* pPool)

+{

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("  CreatePool: MemoryTypeIndex=%u, flags=%u", pCreateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, pCreateInfo->flags);

+

+    VmaPoolCreateInfo newCreateInfo = *pCreateInfo;

+

+    if(newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount == 0)

+    {

+        newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount = SIZE_MAX;

+    }

+    if(newCreateInfo.minBlockCount > newCreateInfo.maxBlockCount)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;

+    }

+

+    const VkDeviceSize preferredBlockSize = CalcPreferredBlockSize(newCreateInfo.memoryTypeIndex);

+

+    *pPool = vma_new(this, VmaPool_T)(this, newCreateInfo, preferredBlockSize);

+

+    VkResult res = (*pPool)->m_BlockVector.CreateMinBlocks();

+    if(res != VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        vma_delete(this, *pPool);

+        *pPool = VMA_NULL;

+        return res;

+    }

+

+    // Add to m_Pools.

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        (*pPool)->SetId(m_NextPoolId++);

+        VmaVectorInsertSorted<VmaPointerLess>(m_Pools, *pPool);

+    }

+

+    return VK_SUCCESS;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::DestroyPool(VmaPool pool)

+{

+    // Remove from m_Pools.

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        bool success = VmaVectorRemoveSorted<VmaPointerLess>(m_Pools, pool);

+        VMA_ASSERT(success && "Pool not found in Allocator.");

+    }

+

+    vma_delete(this, pool);

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::GetPoolStats(VmaPool pool, VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats)

+{

+    pool->m_BlockVector.GetPoolStats(pPoolStats);

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::SetCurrentFrameIndex(uint32_t frameIndex)

+{

+    m_CurrentFrameIndex.store(frameIndex);

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::MakePoolAllocationsLost(

+    VmaPool hPool,

+    size_t* pLostAllocationCount)

+{

+    hPool->m_BlockVector.MakePoolAllocationsLost(

+        m_CurrentFrameIndex.load(),

+        pLostAllocationCount);

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckPoolCorruption(VmaPool hPool)

+{

+    return hPool->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::CheckCorruption(uint32_t memoryTypeBits)

+{

+    VkResult finalRes = VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+

+    // Process default pools.

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        if(((1u << memTypeIndex) & memoryTypeBits) != 0)

+        {

+            VmaBlockVector* const pBlockVector = m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex];

+            VMA_ASSERT(pBlockVector);

+            VkResult localRes = pBlockVector->CheckCorruption();

+            switch(localRes)

+            {

+            case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:

+                break;

+            case VK_SUCCESS:

+                finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;

+                break;

+            default:

+                return localRes;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Process custom pools.

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        for(size_t poolIndex = 0, poolCount = m_Pools.size(); poolIndex < poolCount; ++poolIndex)

+        {

+            if(((1u << m_Pools[poolIndex]->m_BlockVector.GetMemoryTypeIndex()) & memoryTypeBits) != 0)

+            {

+                VkResult localRes = m_Pools[poolIndex]->m_BlockVector.CheckCorruption();

+                switch(localRes)

+                {

+                case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:

+                    break;

+                case VK_SUCCESS:

+                    finalRes = VK_SUCCESS;

+                    break;

+                default:

+                    return localRes;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    return finalRes;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::CreateLostAllocation(VmaAllocation* pAllocation)

+{

+    *pAllocation = m_AllocationObjectAllocator.Allocate();

+    (*pAllocation)->Ctor(VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST, false);

+    (*pAllocation)->InitLost();

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::AllocateVulkanMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory)

+{

+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex);

+

+    VkResult res;

+    if(m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] != VK_WHOLE_SIZE)

+    {

+        VmaMutexLock lock(m_HeapSizeLimitMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        if(m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] >= pAllocateInfo->allocationSize)

+        {

+            res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory)(m_hDevice, pAllocateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), pMemory);

+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] -= pAllocateInfo->allocationSize;

+            }

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        res = (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkAllocateMemory)(m_hDevice, pAllocateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), pMemory);

+    }

+

+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS && m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnAllocate)(this, pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex, *pMemory, pAllocateInfo->allocationSize);

+    }

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeVulkanMemory(uint32_t memoryType, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceMemory hMemory)

+{

+    if(m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        (*m_DeviceMemoryCallbacks.pfnFree)(this, memoryType, hMemory, size);

+    }

+

+    (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkFreeMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory, GetAllocationCallbacks());

+

+    const uint32_t heapIndex = MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(memoryType);

+    if(m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] != VK_WHOLE_SIZE)

+    {

+        VmaMutexLock lock(m_HeapSizeLimitMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        m_HeapSizeLimit[heapIndex] += size;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanBuffer(

+    VkDeviceMemory memory,

+    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+        if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2 && m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.buffer = buffer;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;

+            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);

+        }

+        else

+#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+        {

+            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindBufferMemory)(m_hDevice, buffer, memory, memoryOffset);

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindVulkanImage(

+    VkDeviceMemory memory,

+    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset,

+    VkImage image,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    if(pNext != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+#if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+        if(m_UseKhrBindMemory2 && m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR bindBufferMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO_KHR };

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.pNext = pNext;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.image = image;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memory = memory;

+            bindBufferMemoryInfo.memoryOffset = memoryOffset;

+            return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory2KHR)(m_hDevice, 1, &bindBufferMemoryInfo);

+        }

+        else

+#endif // #if VMA_BIND_MEMORY2

+        {

+            return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;

+        }

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkBindImageMemory)(m_hDevice, image, memory, memoryOffset);

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::Map(VmaAllocation hAllocation, void** ppData)

+{

+    if(hAllocation->CanBecomeLost())

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;

+    }

+

+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())

+    {

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        {

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();

+            char *pBytes = VMA_NULL;

+            VkResult res = pBlock->Map(this, 1, (void**)&pBytes);

+            if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+            {

+                *ppData = pBytes + (ptrdiff_t)hAllocation->GetOffset();

+                hAllocation->BlockAllocMap();

+            }

+            return res;

+        }

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        return hAllocation->DedicatedAllocMap(this, ppData);

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        return VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED;

+    }

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::Unmap(VmaAllocation hAllocation)

+{

+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())

+    {

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        {

+            VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();

+            hAllocation->BlockAllocUnmap();

+            pBlock->Unmap(this, 1);

+        }

+        break;

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        hAllocation->DedicatedAllocUnmap(this);

+        break;

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindBufferMemory(

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkBuffer hBuffer,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())

+    {

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        res = BindVulkanBuffer(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);

+        break;

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* const pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding buffer to allocation that doesn't belong to any block. Is the allocation lost?");

+        res = pBlock->BindBufferMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hBuffer, pNext);

+        break;

+    }

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult VmaAllocator_T::BindImageMemory(

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkImage hImage,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;

+    switch(hAllocation->GetType())

+    {

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+        res = BindVulkanImage(hAllocation->GetMemory(), allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);

+        break;

+    case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+    {

+        VmaDeviceMemoryBlock* pBlock = hAllocation->GetBlock();

+        VMA_ASSERT(pBlock && "Binding image to allocation that doesn't belong to any block. Is the allocation lost?");

+        res = pBlock->BindImageMemory(this, hAllocation, allocationLocalOffset, hImage, pNext);

+        break;

+    }

+    default:

+        VMA_ASSERT(0);

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(

+    VmaAllocation hAllocation,

+    VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size,

+    VMA_CACHE_OPERATION op)

+{

+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+    if(size > 0 && IsMemoryTypeNonCoherent(memTypeIndex))

+    {

+        const VkDeviceSize allocationSize = hAllocation->GetSize();

+        VMA_ASSERT(offset <= allocationSize);

+

+        const VkDeviceSize nonCoherentAtomSize = m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;

+

+        VkMappedMemoryRange memRange = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE };

+        memRange.memory = hAllocation->GetMemory();

+        

+        switch(hAllocation->GetType())

+        {

+        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED:

+            memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);

+            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)

+            {

+                memRange.size = allocationSize - memRange.offset;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);

+                memRange.size = VMA_MIN(

+                    VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize),

+                    allocationSize - memRange.offset);

+            }

+            break;

+

+        case VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_BLOCK:

+        {

+            // 1. Still within this allocation.

+            memRange.offset = VmaAlignDown(offset, nonCoherentAtomSize);

+            if(size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE)

+            {

+                size = allocationSize - offset;

+            }

+            else

+            {

+                VMA_ASSERT(offset + size <= allocationSize);

+            }

+            memRange.size = VmaAlignUp(size + (offset - memRange.offset), nonCoherentAtomSize);

+

+            // 2. Adjust to whole block.

+            const VkDeviceSize allocationOffset = hAllocation->GetOffset();

+            VMA_ASSERT(allocationOffset % nonCoherentAtomSize == 0);

+            const VkDeviceSize blockSize = hAllocation->GetBlock()->m_pMetadata->GetSize();

+            memRange.offset += allocationOffset;

+            memRange.size = VMA_MIN(memRange.size, blockSize - memRange.offset);

+            

+            break;

+        }

+        

+        default:

+            VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        }

+

+        switch(op)

+        {

+        case VMA_CACHE_FLUSH:

+            (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);

+            break;

+        case VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE:

+            (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges)(m_hDevice, 1, &memRange);

+            break;

+        default:

+            VMA_ASSERT(0);

+        }

+    }

+    // else: Just ignore this call.

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::FreeDedicatedMemory(VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocation && allocation->GetType() == VmaAllocation_T::ALLOCATION_TYPE_DEDICATED);

+

+    const uint32_t memTypeIndex = allocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex();

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockWrite lock(m_DedicatedAllocationsMutex[memTypeIndex], m_UseMutex);

+        AllocationVectorType* const pDedicatedAllocations = m_pDedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pDedicatedAllocations);

+        bool success = VmaVectorRemoveSorted<VmaPointerLess>(*pDedicatedAllocations, allocation);

+        VMA_ASSERT(success);

+    }

+

+    VkDeviceMemory hMemory = allocation->GetMemory();

+    

+    /*

+    There is no need to call this, because Vulkan spec allows to skip vkUnmapMemory

+    before vkFreeMemory.

+

+    if(allocation->GetMappedData() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        (*m_VulkanFunctions.vkUnmapMemory)(m_hDevice, hMemory);

+    }

+    */

+    

+    FreeVulkanMemory(memTypeIndex, allocation->GetSize(), hMemory);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("    Freed DedicatedMemory MemoryTypeIndex=%u", memTypeIndex);

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits() const

+{

+    VkBufferCreateInfo dummyBufCreateInfo;

+    VmaFillGpuDefragmentationBufferCreateInfo(dummyBufCreateInfo);

+

+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = 0;

+

+    // Create buffer.

+    VkBuffer buf = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    VkResult res = (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(

+        m_hDevice, &dummyBufCreateInfo, GetAllocationCallbacks(), &buf);

+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        // Query for supported memory types.

+        VkMemoryRequirements memReq;

+        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements)(m_hDevice, buf, &memReq);

+        memoryTypeBits = memReq.memoryTypeBits;

+

+        // Destroy buffer.

+        (*GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(m_hDevice, buf, GetAllocationCallbacks());

+    }

+

+    return memoryTypeBits;

+}

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::FillAllocation(const VmaAllocation hAllocation, uint8_t pattern)

+{

+    if(VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS &&

+        !hAllocation->CanBecomeLost() &&

+        (m_MemProps.memoryTypes[hAllocation->GetMemoryTypeIndex()].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)

+    {

+        void* pData = VMA_NULL;

+        VkResult res = Map(hAllocation, &pData);

+        if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+        {

+            memset(pData, (int)pattern, (size_t)hAllocation->GetSize());

+            FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(hAllocation, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);

+            Unmap(hAllocation);

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            VMA_ASSERT(0 && "VMA_DEBUG_INITIALIZE_ALLOCATIONS is enabled, but couldn't map memory to fill allocation.");

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+uint32_t VmaAllocator_T::GetGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits()

+{

+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits = m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.load();

+    if(memoryTypeBits == UINT32_MAX)

+    {

+        memoryTypeBits = CalculateGpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits();

+        m_GpuDefragmentationMemoryTypeBits.store(memoryTypeBits);

+    }

+    return memoryTypeBits;

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void VmaAllocator_T::PrintDetailedMap(VmaJsonWriter& json)

+{

+    bool dedicatedAllocationsStarted = false;

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockRead dedicatedAllocationsLock(m_DedicatedAllocationsMutex[memTypeIndex], m_UseMutex);

+        AllocationVectorType* const pDedicatedAllocVector = m_pDedicatedAllocations[memTypeIndex];

+        VMA_ASSERT(pDedicatedAllocVector);

+        if(pDedicatedAllocVector->empty() == false)

+        {

+            if(dedicatedAllocationsStarted == false)

+            {

+                dedicatedAllocationsStarted = true;

+                json.WriteString("DedicatedAllocations");

+                json.BeginObject();

+            }

+

+            json.BeginString("Type ");

+            json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);

+            json.EndString();

+                

+            json.BeginArray();

+

+            for(size_t i = 0; i < pDedicatedAllocVector->size(); ++i)

+            {

+                json.BeginObject(true);

+                const VmaAllocation hAlloc = (*pDedicatedAllocVector)[i];

+                hAlloc->PrintParameters(json);

+                json.EndObject();

+            }

+

+            json.EndArray();

+        }

+    }

+    if(dedicatedAllocationsStarted)

+    {

+        json.EndObject();

+    }

+

+    {

+        bool allocationsStarted = false;

+        for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0; memTypeIndex < GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++memTypeIndex)

+        {

+            if(m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex]->IsEmpty() == false)

+            {

+                if(allocationsStarted == false)

+                {

+                    allocationsStarted = true;

+                    json.WriteString("DefaultPools");

+                    json.BeginObject();

+                }

+

+                json.BeginString("Type ");

+                json.ContinueString(memTypeIndex);

+                json.EndString();

+

+                m_pBlockVectors[memTypeIndex]->PrintDetailedMap(json);

+            }

+        }

+        if(allocationsStarted)

+        {

+            json.EndObject();

+        }

+    }

+

+    // Custom pools

+    {

+        VmaMutexLockRead lock(m_PoolsMutex, m_UseMutex);

+        const size_t poolCount = m_Pools.size();

+        if(poolCount > 0)

+        {

+            json.WriteString("Pools");

+            json.BeginObject();

+            for(size_t poolIndex = 0; poolIndex < poolCount; ++poolIndex)

+            {

+                json.BeginString();

+                json.ContinueString(m_Pools[poolIndex]->GetId());

+                json.EndString();

+

+                m_Pools[poolIndex]->m_BlockVector.PrintDetailedMap(json);

+            }

+            json.EndObject();

+        }

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+// Public interface

+

+VkResult vmaCreateAllocator(

+    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocator* pAllocator)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(pCreateInfo && pAllocator);

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateAllocator");

+    *pAllocator = vma_new(pCreateInfo->pAllocationCallbacks, VmaAllocator_T)(pCreateInfo);

+    return (*pAllocator)->Init(pCreateInfo);

+}

+

+void vmaDestroyAllocator(

+    VmaAllocator allocator)

+{

+    if(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyAllocator");

+        VkAllocationCallbacks allocationCallbacks = allocator->m_AllocationCallbacks;

+        vma_delete(&allocationCallbacks, allocator);

+    }

+}

+

+void vmaGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties **ppPhysicalDeviceProperties)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceProperties);

+    *ppPhysicalDeviceProperties = &allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties;

+}

+

+void vmaGetMemoryProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties** ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties);

+    *ppPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = &allocator->m_MemProps;

+}

+

+void vmaGetMemoryTypeProperties(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t memoryTypeIndex,

+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags* pFlags)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pFlags);

+    VMA_ASSERT(memoryTypeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount());

+    *pFlags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;

+}

+

+void vmaSetCurrentFrameIndex(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t frameIndex)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+    VMA_ASSERT(frameIndex != VMA_FRAME_INDEX_LOST);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    allocator->SetCurrentFrameIndex(frameIndex);

+}

+

+void vmaCalculateStats(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaStats* pStats)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pStats);

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+    allocator->CalculateStats(pStats);

+}

+

+#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+void vmaBuildStatsString(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    char** ppStatsString,

+    VkBool32 detailedMap)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && ppStatsString);

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VmaStringBuilder sb(allocator);

+    {

+        VmaJsonWriter json(allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), sb);

+        json.BeginObject();

+

+        VmaStats stats;

+        allocator->CalculateStats(&stats);

+

+        json.WriteString("Total");

+        VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.total);

+    

+        for(uint32_t heapIndex = 0; heapIndex < allocator->GetMemoryHeapCount(); ++heapIndex)

+        {

+            json.BeginString("Heap ");

+            json.ContinueString(heapIndex);

+            json.EndString();

+            json.BeginObject();

+

+            json.WriteString("Size");

+            json.WriteNumber(allocator->m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].size);

+

+            json.WriteString("Flags");

+            json.BeginArray(true);

+            if((allocator->m_MemProps.memoryHeaps[heapIndex].flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0)

+            {

+                json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");

+            }

+            json.EndArray();

+

+            if(stats.memoryHeap[heapIndex].blockCount > 0)

+            {

+                json.WriteString("Stats");

+                VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.memoryHeap[heapIndex]);

+            }

+

+            for(uint32_t typeIndex = 0; typeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount(); ++typeIndex)

+            {

+                if(allocator->MemoryTypeIndexToHeapIndex(typeIndex) == heapIndex)

+                {

+                    json.BeginString("Type ");

+                    json.ContinueString(typeIndex);

+                    json.EndString();

+

+                    json.BeginObject();

+

+                    json.WriteString("Flags");

+                    json.BeginArray(true);

+                    VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags = allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[typeIndex].propertyFlags;

+                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) != 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("DEVICE_LOCAL");

+                    }

+                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) != 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("HOST_VISIBLE");

+                    }

+                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT) != 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("HOST_COHERENT");

+                    }

+                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT) != 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("HOST_CACHED");

+                    }

+                    if((flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) != 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("LAZILY_ALLOCATED");

+                    }

+                    json.EndArray();

+

+                    if(stats.memoryType[typeIndex].blockCount > 0)

+                    {

+                        json.WriteString("Stats");

+                        VmaPrintStatInfo(json, stats.memoryType[typeIndex]);

+                    }

+

+                    json.EndObject();

+                }

+            }

+

+            json.EndObject();

+        }

+        if(detailedMap == VK_TRUE)

+        {

+            allocator->PrintDetailedMap(json);

+        }

+

+        json.EndObject();

+    }

+

+    const size_t len = sb.GetLength();

+    char* const pChars = vma_new_array(allocator, char, len + 1);

+    if(len > 0)

+    {

+        memcpy(pChars, sb.GetData(), len);

+    }

+    pChars[len] = '\0';

+    *ppStatsString = pChars;

+}

+

+void vmaFreeStatsString(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    char* pStatsString)

+{

+    if(pStatsString != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+        size_t len = strlen(pStatsString);

+        vma_delete_array(allocator, pStatsString, len + 1);

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+

+/*

+This function is not protected by any mutex because it just reads immutable data.

+*/

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    uint32_t memoryTypeBits,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);

+

+    if(pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits != 0)

+    {

+        memoryTypeBits &= pAllocationCreateInfo->memoryTypeBits;

+    }

+    

+    uint32_t requiredFlags = pAllocationCreateInfo->requiredFlags;

+    uint32_t preferredFlags = pAllocationCreateInfo->preferredFlags;

+

+    // Convert usage to requiredFlags and preferredFlags.

+    switch(pAllocationCreateInfo->usage)

+    {

+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_UNKNOWN:

+        break;

+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY:

+        if(!allocator->IsIntegratedGpu() || (preferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)

+        {

+            preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;

+        }

+        break;

+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY:

+        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;

+        break;

+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU:

+        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;

+        if(!allocator->IsIntegratedGpu() || (preferredFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT) == 0)

+        {

+            preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;

+        }

+        break;

+    case VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_TO_CPU:

+        requiredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT;

+        preferredFlags |= VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;

+        break;

+    default:

+        break;

+    }

+

+    *pMemoryTypeIndex = UINT32_MAX;

+    uint32_t minCost = UINT32_MAX;

+    for(uint32_t memTypeIndex = 0, memTypeBit = 1;

+        memTypeIndex < allocator->GetMemoryTypeCount();

+        ++memTypeIndex, memTypeBit <<= 1)

+    {

+        // This memory type is acceptable according to memoryTypeBits bitmask.

+        if((memTypeBit & memoryTypeBits) != 0)

+        {

+            const VkMemoryPropertyFlags currFlags =

+                allocator->m_MemProps.memoryTypes[memTypeIndex].propertyFlags;

+            // This memory type contains requiredFlags.

+            if((requiredFlags & ~currFlags) == 0)

+            {

+                // Calculate cost as number of bits from preferredFlags not present in this memory type.

+                uint32_t currCost = VmaCountBitsSet(preferredFlags & ~currFlags);

+                // Remember memory type with lowest cost.

+                if(currCost < minCost)

+                {

+                    *pMemoryTypeIndex = memTypeIndex;

+                    if(currCost == 0)

+                    {

+                        return VK_SUCCESS;

+                    }

+                    minCost = currCost;

+                }

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return (*pMemoryTypeIndex != UINT32_MAX) ? VK_SUCCESS : VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pBufferCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);

+

+    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;

+    VkBuffer hBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    VkResult res = allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer(

+        hDev, pBufferCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hBuffer);

+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};

+        allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(

+            hDev, hBuffer, &memReq);

+

+        res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(

+            allocator,

+            memReq.memoryTypeBits,

+            pAllocationCreateInfo,

+            pMemoryTypeIndex);

+

+        allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer(

+            hDev, hBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    uint32_t* pMemoryTypeIndex)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pImageCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pAllocationCreateInfo != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pMemoryTypeIndex != VMA_NULL);

+

+    const VkDevice hDev = allocator->m_hDevice;

+    VkImage hImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    VkResult res = allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateImage(

+        hDev, pImageCreateInfo, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(), &hImage);

+    if(res == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        VkMemoryRequirements memReq = {};

+        allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(

+            hDev, hImage, &memReq);

+

+        res = vmaFindMemoryTypeIndex(

+            allocator,

+            memReq.memoryTypeBits,

+            pAllocationCreateInfo,

+            pMemoryTypeIndex);

+

+        allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage(

+            hDev, hImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaCreatePool(

+	VmaAllocator allocator,

+	const VmaPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+	VmaPool* pPool)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pCreateInfo && pPool);

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreatePool");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+    

+    VkResult res = allocator->CreatePool(pCreateInfo, pPool);

+    

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordCreatePool(allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(), *pCreateInfo, *pPool);

+    }

+#endif

+    

+    return res;

+}

+

+void vmaDestroyPool(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+    

+    if(pool == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyPool");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+    

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordDestroyPool(allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(), pool);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    allocator->DestroyPool(pool);

+}

+

+void vmaGetPoolStats(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool,

+    VmaPoolStats* pPoolStats)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool && pPoolStats);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    allocator->GetPoolStats(pool, pPoolStats);

+}

+

+void vmaMakePoolAllocationsLost(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaPool pool,

+    size_t* pLostAllocationCount)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordMakePoolAllocationsLost(allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(), pool);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    allocator->MakePoolAllocationsLost(pool, pLostAllocationCount);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaCheckPoolCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaPool pool)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pool);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckPoolCorruption");

+

+    return allocator->CheckPoolCorruption(pool);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemory");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+	VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+        *pVkMemoryRequirements,

+        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation

+        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage

+        *pCreateInfo,

+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,

+        1, // allocationCount

+        pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordAllocateMemory(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            *pVkMemoryRequirements,

+            *pCreateInfo,

+            *pAllocation);

+    }

+#endif

+        

+    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);

+    }

+

+	return result;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryPages(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkMemoryRequirements* pVkMemoryRequirements,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    if(allocationCount == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pVkMemoryRequirements && pCreateInfo && pAllocations);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryPages");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+	VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+        *pVkMemoryRequirements,

+        false, // requiresDedicatedAllocation

+        false, // prefersDedicatedAllocation

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage

+        *pCreateInfo,

+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_UNKNOWN,

+        allocationCount,

+        pAllocations);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordAllocateMemoryPages(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            *pVkMemoryRequirements,

+            *pCreateInfo,

+            (uint64_t)allocationCount,

+            pAllocations);

+    }

+#endif

+        

+    if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL && result == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        for(size_t i = 0; i < allocationCount; ++i)

+        {

+            allocator->GetAllocationInfo(pAllocations[i], pAllocationInfo + i);

+        }

+    }

+

+	return result;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};

+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation = false;

+    allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer, vkMemReq,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation);

+

+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+        vkMemReq,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+        buffer, // dedicatedBuffer

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage

+        *pCreateInfo,

+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,

+        1, // allocationCount

+        pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordAllocateMemoryForBuffer(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+            *pCreateInfo,

+            *pAllocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);

+    }

+

+	return result;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkImage image,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && pCreateInfo && pAllocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaAllocateMemoryForImage");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};

+    bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+    bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;

+    allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(image, vkMemReq,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);

+

+    VkResult result = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+        vkMemReq,

+        requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+        prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+        VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer

+        image, // dedicatedImage

+        *pCreateInfo,

+        VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_UNKNOWN,

+        1, // allocationCount

+        pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordAllocateMemoryForImage(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+            *pCreateInfo,

+            *pAllocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    if(pAllocationInfo && result == VK_SUCCESS)

+    {

+        allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);

+    }

+

+	return result;

+}

+

+void vmaFreeMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+    

+    if(allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemory");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordFreeMemory(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+    

+    allocator->FreeMemory(

+        1, // allocationCount

+        &allocation);

+}

+

+void vmaFreeMemoryPages(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations)

+{

+    if(allocationCount == 0)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFreeMemoryPages");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordFreeMemoryPages(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            (uint64_t)allocationCount,

+            pAllocations);

+    }

+#endif

+    

+    allocator->FreeMemory(allocationCount, pAllocations);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaResizeAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize newSize)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaResizeAllocation");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    return allocator->ResizeAllocation(allocation, newSize);

+}

+

+void vmaGetAllocationInfo(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && pAllocationInfo);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordGetAllocationInfo(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(allocation, pAllocationInfo);

+}

+

+VkBool32 vmaTouchAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordTouchAllocation(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    return allocator->TouchAllocation(allocation);

+}

+

+void vmaSetAllocationUserData(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    void* pUserData)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    allocation->SetUserData(allocator, pUserData);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordSetAllocationUserData(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation,

+            pUserData);

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+void vmaCreateLostAllocation(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pAllocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK;

+

+    allocator->CreateLostAllocation(pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordCreateLostAllocation(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            *pAllocation);

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+VkResult vmaMapMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    void** ppData)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && ppData);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VkResult res = allocator->Map(allocation, ppData);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordMapMemory(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+void vmaUnmapMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordUnmapMemory(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    allocator->Unmap(allocation);

+}

+

+void vmaFlushAllocation(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaFlushAllocation");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_FLUSH);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordFlushAllocation(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation, offset, size);

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+void vmaInvalidateAllocation(VmaAllocator allocator, VmaAllocation allocation, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaInvalidateAllocation");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    allocator->FlushOrInvalidateAllocation(allocation, offset, size, VMA_CACHE_INVALIDATE);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordInvalidateAllocation(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation, offset, size);

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+VkResult vmaCheckCorruption(VmaAllocator allocator, uint32_t memoryTypeBits)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCheckCorruption");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    return allocator->CheckCorruption(memoryTypeBits);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaDefragment(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocations,

+    size_t allocationCount,

+    VkBool32* pAllocationsChanged,

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo *pDefragmentationInfo,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pDefragmentationStats)

+{

+    // Deprecated interface, reimplemented using new one.

+

+    VmaDefragmentationInfo2 info2 = {};

+    info2.allocationCount = (uint32_t)allocationCount;

+    info2.pAllocations = pAllocations;

+    info2.pAllocationsChanged = pAllocationsChanged;

+    if(pDefragmentationInfo != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        info2.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = pDefragmentationInfo->maxAllocationsToMove;

+        info2.maxCpuBytesToMove = pDefragmentationInfo->maxBytesToMove;

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        info2.maxCpuAllocationsToMove = UINT32_MAX;

+        info2.maxCpuBytesToMove = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;

+    }

+    // info2.flags, maxGpuAllocationsToMove, maxGpuBytesToMove, commandBuffer deliberately left zero.

+

+    VmaDefragmentationContext ctx;

+    VkResult res = vmaDefragmentationBegin(allocator, &info2, pDefragmentationStats, &ctx);

+    if(res == VK_NOT_READY)

+    {

+        res = vmaDefragmentationEnd( allocator, ctx);

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaDefragmentationBegin(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VmaDefragmentationInfo2* pInfo,

+    VmaDefragmentationStats* pStats,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext *pContext)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pInfo && pContext);

+

+    // Degenerate case: Nothing to defragment.

+    if(pInfo->allocationCount == 0 && pInfo->poolCount == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+

+    VMA_ASSERT(pInfo->allocationCount == 0 || pInfo->pAllocations != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_ASSERT(pInfo->poolCount == 0 || pInfo->pPools != VMA_NULL);

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaValidatePointerArray(pInfo->allocationCount, pInfo->pAllocations));

+    VMA_HEAVY_ASSERT(VmaValidatePointerArray(pInfo->poolCount, pInfo->pPools));

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDefragmentationBegin");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    VkResult res = allocator->DefragmentationBegin(*pInfo, pStats, pContext);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordDefragmentationBegin(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(), *pInfo, *pContext);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    return res;

+}

+

+VkResult vmaDefragmentationEnd(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaDefragmentationContext context)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDefragmentationEnd");

+

+    if(context != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+        if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordDefragmentationEnd(

+                allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(), context);

+        }

+#endif

+

+        return allocator->DefragmentationEnd(context);

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        return VK_SUCCESS;

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult vmaBindBufferMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkBuffer buffer)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, 0, buffer, VMA_NULL);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaBindBufferMemory2(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && buffer);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindBufferMemory2");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    return allocator->BindBufferMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, buffer, pNext);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaBindImageMemory(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkImage image)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, 0, image, VMA_NULL);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaBindImageMemory2(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VmaAllocation allocation,

+    VkDeviceSize allocationLocalOffset,

+    VkImage image,

+    const void* pNext)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && allocation && image);

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaBindImageMemory2");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+        return allocator->BindImageMemory(allocation, allocationLocalOffset, image, pNext);

+}

+

+VkResult vmaCreateBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkBufferCreateInfo* pBufferCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    VkBuffer* pBuffer,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pBufferCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pBuffer && pAllocation);

+

+    if(pBufferCreateInfo->size == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+    }

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateBuffer");

+    

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+

+    // 1. Create VkBuffer.

+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateBuffer)(

+        allocator->m_hDevice,

+        pBufferCreateInfo,

+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),

+        pBuffer);

+    if(res >= 0)

+    {

+        // 2. vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements.

+        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};

+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;

+        allocator->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*pBuffer, vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);

+

+        // Make sure alignment requirements for specific buffer usages reported

+        // in Physical Device Properties are included in alignment reported by memory requirements.

+        if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+           VMA_ASSERT(vkMemReq.alignment %

+              allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment == 0);

+        }

+        if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+           VMA_ASSERT(vkMemReq.alignment %

+              allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment == 0);

+        }

+        if((pBufferCreateInfo->usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT) != 0)

+        {

+           VMA_ASSERT(vkMemReq.alignment %

+              allocator->m_PhysicalDeviceProperties.limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment == 0);

+        }

+

+        // 3. Allocate memory using allocator.

+        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+            vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+            *pBuffer, // dedicatedBuffer

+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedImage

+            *pAllocationCreateInfo,

+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_BUFFER,

+            1, // allocationCount

+            pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+        if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordCreateBuffer(

+                allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+                *pBufferCreateInfo,

+                *pAllocationCreateInfo,

+                *pAllocation);

+        }

+#endif

+

+        if(res >= 0)

+        {

+            // 3. Bind buffer with memory.

+            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)

+            {

+                res = allocator->BindBufferMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pBuffer, VMA_NULL);

+            }

+            if(res >= 0)

+            {

+                // All steps succeeded.

+                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pBufferCreateInfo->usage);

+                #endif

+                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)

+                {

+                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);

+                }

+

+                return VK_SUCCESS;

+            }

+            allocator->FreeMemory(

+                1, // allocationCount

+                pAllocation);

+            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+            *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            return res;

+        }

+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pBuffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+        *pBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+        return res;

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+void vmaDestroyBuffer(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkBuffer buffer,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+

+    if(buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyBuffer");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordDestroyBuffer(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    if(buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyBuffer)(allocator->m_hDevice, buffer, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+    }

+

+    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        allocator->FreeMemory(

+            1, // allocationCount

+            &allocation);

+    }

+}

+

+VkResult vmaCreateImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    const VkImageCreateInfo* pImageCreateInfo,

+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo* pAllocationCreateInfo,

+    VkImage* pImage,

+    VmaAllocation* pAllocation,

+    VmaAllocationInfo* pAllocationInfo)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator && pImageCreateInfo && pAllocationCreateInfo && pImage && pAllocation);

+

+    if(pImageCreateInfo->extent.width == 0 ||

+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.height == 0 ||

+        pImageCreateInfo->extent.depth == 0 ||

+        pImageCreateInfo->mipLevels == 0 ||

+        pImageCreateInfo->arrayLayers == 0)

+    {

+        return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;

+    }

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaCreateImage");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+    *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+    *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+

+    // 1. Create VkImage.

+    VkResult res = (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkCreateImage)(

+        allocator->m_hDevice,

+        pImageCreateInfo,

+        allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks(),

+        pImage);

+    if(res >= 0)

+    {

+        VmaSuballocationType suballocType = pImageCreateInfo->tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL ?

+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_OPTIMAL :

+            VMA_SUBALLOCATION_TYPE_IMAGE_LINEAR;

+        

+        // 2. Allocate memory using allocator.

+        VkMemoryRequirements vkMemReq = {};

+        bool requiresDedicatedAllocation = false;

+        bool prefersDedicatedAllocation  = false;

+        allocator->GetImageMemoryRequirements(*pImage, vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation, prefersDedicatedAllocation);

+

+        res = allocator->AllocateMemory(

+            vkMemReq,

+            requiresDedicatedAllocation,

+            prefersDedicatedAllocation,

+            VK_NULL_HANDLE, // dedicatedBuffer

+            *pImage, // dedicatedImage

+            *pAllocationCreateInfo,

+            suballocType,

+            1, // allocationCount

+            pAllocation);

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+        if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+        {

+            allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordCreateImage(

+                allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+                *pImageCreateInfo,

+                *pAllocationCreateInfo,

+                *pAllocation);

+        }

+#endif

+

+        if(res >= 0)

+        {

+            // 3. Bind image with memory.

+            if((pAllocationCreateInfo->flags & VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_DONT_BIND_BIT) == 0)

+            {

+                res = allocator->BindImageMemory(*pAllocation, 0, *pImage, VMA_NULL);

+            }

+            if(res >= 0)

+            {

+                // All steps succeeded.

+                #if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED

+                    (*pAllocation)->InitBufferImageUsage(pImageCreateInfo->usage);

+                #endif

+                if(pAllocationInfo != VMA_NULL)

+                {

+                    allocator->GetAllocationInfo(*pAllocation, pAllocationInfo);

+                }

+

+                return VK_SUCCESS;

+            }

+            allocator->FreeMemory(

+                1, // allocationCount

+                pAllocation);

+            *pAllocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+            *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+            return res;

+        }

+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, *pImage, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+        *pImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

+        return res;

+    }

+    return res;

+}

+

+void vmaDestroyImage(

+    VmaAllocator allocator,

+    VkImage image,

+    VmaAllocation allocation)

+{

+    VMA_ASSERT(allocator);

+

+    if(image == VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation == VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        return;

+    }

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_LOG("vmaDestroyImage");

+

+    VMA_DEBUG_GLOBAL_MUTEX_LOCK

+

+#if VMA_RECORDING_ENABLED

+    if(allocator->GetRecorder() != VMA_NULL)

+    {

+        allocator->GetRecorder()->RecordDestroyImage(

+            allocator->GetCurrentFrameIndex(),

+            allocation);

+    }

+#endif

+

+    if(image != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        (*allocator->GetVulkanFunctions().vkDestroyImage)(allocator->m_hDevice, image, allocator->GetAllocationCallbacks());

+    }

+    if(allocation != VK_NULL_HANDLE)

+    {

+        allocator->FreeMemory(

+            1, // allocationCount

+            &allocation);

+    }

+}

+

+#endif // #ifdef VMA_IMPLEMENTATION